ITA-1.1.1 Ayurveda Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine and health care which originated in the Indian subcontinent. The term Ayurveda denotes “knowledge of life”. It is a compound of two words, “ayu” (life) and “veda” (knowledge). The discipline encompasses the physical, psychological, spiritual and social dimensions of life, deals with dynamic concepts of well-being, harmony, health promotion and longevity, and concerns itself with healthy, beneficial and advantageous aspects of human life as well as its unhealthy, deleterious and disadvantageous aspects. Āyurvedaḥ आयुर्वेदः ITA-1.2.1 The coalescence of body, sense organs, mind and self that dynamically supports, nourishes and propagates itself despite its eventual disintegration. Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for life, based on the different perspectives under which they are understood: 1. Coalescence of body, sense organs, mind, and self; 2. Self-supporting, holding, ability of life to support and preserve itself; 3. Self-sustaining, self-nourishing, journey (of life), duration (of life), ability of life to nourish and sustain itself; 4. Ever moving forward, life’s ability to resist premature death and destruction through dynamic self-adaptation; 5. Uninterrupted succession, sequence, consequence, result, continuing link between past and future life. 1. āyuḥ; 1. आयुः ; 2. dhāri; 2.धारि ; 3. jīvitam; 3. जीवितम् ; 4. nityaga; 4. नित्यग ; 5. anubandhaḥ ; 5. अनुबन्धः ITA-1.2.2 Salutary life A mode of life that is advantageous for oneself and generally beneficial. hitāyuḥ हितायुः ITA-1.2.3 Unsalutary life A mode of life that is disadvantageous for oneself and generally detrimental. ahitāyuḥ अहितायुः ITA-1.2.4 High quality of life A lifestyle characterized by a high quotient of happiness. sukhāyuḥ सुखायुः ITA-1.2.5 Poor quality of life A lifestyle characterized by a low quotient of happiness. duḥkhāyuḥ दुःखायुः ITA-1.3.1 Three core principles The entire narrative of Ayurveda is woven coherently on the of Ayurveda knowledge logical framework of etiology (hetu), symptomatology (linga) and therapeutics (aushadha). trisūtrāyurvedaḥ, triskandhaḥ त्रिसूत्रायुर्वेदः, त्रिस्कन्ध ITA-1.4.1 Eight clinical specialities of Ayurveda aṣṭāṅgāyurvedaḥ अष्टाङ्गायुर्वेदः ITA-1.4.2 Treatment cikitsā चिकित्सा ITA-1.4.3 General medicine The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the entire physical body and mind. The term kaya indicates the capacity of the organism to digest and metabolize food. kāyacikitsā कायचिकित्सा ITA-1.4.4 Child and maternal health The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with child and maternal health and obstetrics; its scope extends to cover pre- and postnatal care. bālacikitsā, kaumārabhṛtyam बालचिकित्सा, कौमारभृत्यम् ITA-1.4.5 Psychiatry The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the treatment of mental disorders. grahacikitsā, bhūtavidyā. ग्रहचिकित्सा, भूतविद्या ITA-1.4.6 Head and neck medicine The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the treatment of diseases affecting the head and neck region (including ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and dentistry) . śālakyatantra, ūrdhvāṅgacikitsā शालाक्यतन्त्र, ऊर्ध्वाङ्गचिकित्सा ITA-1.4.7 Surgery The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the removal of internal or external foreign bodies (shalya) through surgical intervention(s). śalyacikitsā शल्यचिकित्सा ITA-1.4.8 Toxicology The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the treatment of poisoning . viṣacikitsā, garacikitsā विषचिकित्सा, गरचिकित्सा ITA-1.4.9 Geriatrics The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with age-related issues and promoting health and well-being . rasāyanacikitsā, jarācikitsā रसायनचिकित्सा, जराचिकित्सा ITA-1.4.10 Fertility treatment The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with reproductive and sexual health. vājīkaraṇacikitsā, vṛṣacikitsā वाजीकरणचिकित्सा, वृषचिकित्सा ITA-1.4.11 Obstetrics, gynecology prasūtītantra, strīroga प्रसूतितन्त्र, स्त्रीरोग ITA-1.5.1 Knowledge system or treatise A knowledge system is concise and informative and offers both theoretical and practical knowledge in its many subdisciplines. Ayurveda is considered as a knowledge system. śāstram, sūtram, śākhāvidyā, jñānam, tantram, vidhiḥ, vijñānam, lakṣaṇam शास्त्रम्, सूत्रम्, शाखाविद्या, ज्ञानम्, तन्त्रम्, विधिः, विज्ञानम्, लक्षणम् ITA-1.5.2 Aphorism, summarized A short, unambiguous sentence or aphoristic rule, as well as knowledge a term of summarized knowledge relating to a particular discipline. sūtram सूत्रम् ITA-1.5.3 Branch of knowledge Ayurveda is considered a branch of knowledge because it is derived from other Indian knowledge systems such as the Vedas. śākhā शाखा ITA-1.5.4 Knowledge, discipline Systematized knowledge, learning or science. vidyā विद्या ITA-1.5.5 Understanding, religious knowledge A wider form of knowledge centred on a cognitive event that is recognized when experienced. jñānam ज्ञानम् ITA-1.5.6 Treatise, structurally organized knowledge A term that means literally to hold together on a thread, and figuratively to elaborate a structured and classified exposition of a subject. tantram तन्त्रम् ITA-1.5.7 Mandatory injunction An instruction or procedure stipulated in a text. vidhiḥ विधिः ITA-1.5.8 Applied knowledge Skill in the practical application of knowledge. vijñānam विज्ञानम् ITA-1.5.9 Qualities of technical writing Good technical writing following structured sets of rules or instruments such as devices for composition and analysis of technical treatises (tantrayukti), sources of meaning (arthashraya), compositions (kalpana), inclinations (tacchilya) and explanations (vyakhya). These are literary devices to assist in comprehending the technical and hidden meanings of classical texts. śāstraguṇāḥ शास्त्रगुणाः ITA-1.6.1 Devices for composition and analysis of technical treatises Devices required to compose, understand, criticize and evaluate a technical treatise. tantrayuktiḥ तन्त्रयुक्तिः ITA-1.6.2 Extending the scope or inclusiveness of a rule An authorial annotation enabling an item of useful knowledge from an external source to be incorporated in the text. atideśaḥ अतिदेशः ITA-1.6.3 Retrospective crossreferencing A reference to previous statements or sections of a text that are relevant to the topic being discussed. atītāvekṣaṇam अतीतावेक्षणम् ITA-1.6.4 Topic or subject of discussion The topic of a subject, chapter or section being discussed. adhikaraṇam अधिकरणम् ITA-1.6.5 Prospective crossreferencing A prospective reference to statements from forthcoming chapters or sections of a text that are relevant to the topic being discussed. anāgatavekṣaṇam अनागतवेक्षणम् ITA-1.6.6 Acceptance by not refuting Acceptance of another viewpoint in a text by stating and not refuting it. anumataḥ अनुमतः ITA-1.6.7 Acceptance of multiple conclusions Listing multiple conclusions without refuting any of them. anekāntaḥ अनेकान्तः ITA-1.6.8 Supporting a proposed hypothesis Justifying a proposed hypothesis by providing a presumptive cause or rationale. apadeśaḥ अपदेशः ITA-1.6.9 Statement of exception A statement which indicates or includes an exception to a general rule. apavargaḥ अपवर्गः ITA-1.6.10 Implied or inferred meaning Making statements in such a way to allow room for different inferences or presumptions. arthāpattiḥ अर्थापत्तिः ITA-1.6.11 Concise statement A concise statement or summary account of a specific topic. uddeśaḥ उद्देशः ITA-1.6.12 Consolidating an opinion by refuting other hypotheses Reaffirming a statement by refuting contrary views from other sources. uddhāraḥ उद्धारः ITA-1.6.13 Authoritative instruction An instruction or injunction from a reliable and reputed authority in the field. upadeśaḥ उपदेशः ITA-1.6.14 Extrapolation An inference about a conjectured situation through reasoning and by analysis of statements. ūhyam ऊह्यम् ITA-1.6.15 Definite conclusion A statement which is absolute and not modified by its context. ekāntaḥ एकान्तः ITA-1.6.16 Illustrative statement An explanatory statement which develops subject matter by means of an example. nidarśanam निदर्शनम् ITA-1.6.17 Execution of appropriate action, mandatory instruction An injunction or statement in the form of a command or order that is to be followed strictly without query or discussion. niyogaḥ/ sanniyogaḥ नियोगः/सन्नियोगः ITA-1.6.18 Decision based on critical analysis A decisive statement which reaches a conclusion or settles a topic after detailed consideration of all relevant and related facts. nirṇayaḥ निर्णयः ITA-1.6.19 Detailed description, elaboration of statement A detailed description of previously listed topics. nirdeśaḥ निर्देशः ITA-1.6.20 Technical definition An illustrative statement understood only by experts with the specific domain knowledge. nirvacanam निर्वचनम् ITA-1.6.21 Objecting or opposing a proposed hypothesis A possible objection to, or refuting of, the proposed hypothesis. pūrvapakṣaḥ पूर्वपक्षः ITA-1.6.22 Negating or refuting an A statement that negates the argument of the opponent. opposing viewpoint pratyutsāraḥ प्रत्युत्सारः ITA-1.6.23 A brief and incomplete or partial description of an extensive subject. pradeśaḥ प्रदेशः ITA-1.6.24 Aim, objective A statement that clarifies the aims and objectives of a proposed activity or action. Prayojanam प्रयोजनम् ITA-1.6.25 Contextual repetition Repetition of a previously cited statement when it acquires relevance in another context. prasaṅgaḥ प्रसङ्गः ITA-1.6.26 Union, compounding, a structured sentence (syntax) An arrangement of words and sentences structured and ordered so as to make complete sense. yogaḥ योगः ITA-1.6.27 Supply of ellipsis A statement in which some word(s) are lacking and have to be correctly surmised and supplied to derive the exact meaning of a sentence in its given context. vākyaśeṣaḥ वाक्यशेषः ITA-1.6.28 Optional instructions A statement that allows several discretionary options. vikalpanam विकल्पनम् ITA-1.6.29 Sequential narration or enumeration The narration of a topic in the correct logical sequence. vidhānam विधानम् ITA-1.6.30 Implying the opposite meaning A statement whose meaning suggests the opposite of its ostensible expression. viparyayaḥ विपर्ययः ITA-1.6.31 Lucid explanation A statement which develops a subject matter in detail. vyākhyānam व्याख्यानम् ITA-1.6.32 Inconclusive statement An indefinite statement which leaves its ultimate conclusion in doubt. saṃśayaḥ संशयः ITA-1.6.33 Enlisting one by one A phrase or paragraph in which things with common characteristics are grouped together and enumerated. samuccayaḥ समुच्चयः ITA-1.6.34 Statement indicating a source A statement specifying when and where an event occurred. sambhavaḥ सम्भवः ITA-1.6.35 Technical terminology limited to a school of thought A technical terminology devised and used by only one school of thought. svasañjñā स्वसञ्ज्ञा ITA-1.6.36 Extended reasoning Extension or extrapolation of an argument or supportive reasoning from a different context. hetvarthaḥ हेत्वर्थः ITA-1.6.37 Source of meaning The word or part of a sentence which encapsulates the actual meaning. arthāśrayaḥ अर्थाश्रयः ITA-1.6.38 Concept, hypothesis A conceptual construction, the work of the imagination. kalpanā कल्पना ITA-1.6.39 Inclinations Description used to denote a particular inclination, tendency, or habit. Also refers to methods of diagnosis and treatment. tācchilyam ताच्छिल्यम् ITA-1.6.40 Explanation, commentary An exegetical commentary on, or explanation of, Ayurvedic texts. vyākhyā व्याख्या ITA-1.7.1 Theory An established theory that has been critically examined and accepted by qualified investigators. It may be common to all schools of thought, scripture and branches of science (sarvatantrasiddhantaḥ) or particular to any one of them (pratitantrasiddhantaḥ). siddhāntaḥ सिद्धान्तः ITA-1.7.2 Doctrine A statement which aims to establish authoritative knowledge based on affirmation or refutation of its evidence; in general Sanskrit literature it means a debate/thesis/ proposition/ argument. vādaḥ वादः ITA-1.7.3 Rules for debate Technical rules for an argument or debate. vādamārgaḥ वादमार्गः ITA-1.7.4 Unquestionable statement A statement which has exhausted the scope for further questioning. ananuyojyam अननुयोज्यम् ITA-1.7.5 Question A question or query raised to challenge the expressive power and scope of a statement and to clarify any ambiguity. anuyogaḥ अनुयोगः ITA-1.7.6 Questionable statement A statement which is beset with syntactical defects and requires clarification. anuyojyam अनुयोज्यम् ITA-1.7.7 Unquestioning acceptance Unconditional acceptance of different positions, including those which are inconclusive. abhyanujñā अभ्यनुज्ञा ITA-1.7.8 Implied meaning A statement whose derived meaning allows for another interpretation. arthaprāptiḥ अर्थप्राप्तिः ITA-1.7.9 Varying meaning or shifting the topic A statement that is not relevant or applicable to its context. arthāntaram अर्थान्तरम् ITA-1.7.10 Rejoinder The response or reply to a challenge or objection. uttaram उत्तरम् ITA-1.7.11 Application of proof Applying the logic of the proposed example to arrive at a definite conclusion. upanayaḥ उपनयः ITA-1.7.12 Abusive argument Arguing with the sole intention of finding fault with an opponent’s statement. upālambhaḥ उपालम्भः ITA-1.7.13 Perverted or deceitful argument A specious and verbose statement made with the sole intention of unnerving the opponent. chalaḥ छलः ITA-1.7.14 Defensive argument A debate in which the speaker resorts to quibbling and illegitimate commentary to argue their own case and refute that of their opponent. jalpaḥ जल्पः ITA-1.7.15 Inquisitiveness The desire to explore and investigate a particular topic out of curiosity and with the intention of knowing the truth. jijñāsā जिज्ञासा ITA-1.7.16 Discussion amongst peers A discussion among experts in the field in the manner of a peer-review. tadvidyasambhāṣā तद्विद्यसम्भाषा ITA-1.7.17 Deduction, conclusion A deduction or conclusive statement; the final step of inference when affirming a proposed hypothesis. nigamanam निगमनम् ITA-1.7.18 Point of defeat Behaviour indicating that the opponent has reached the end of their argument and can no longer defend the stated viewpoint. nigrahasthānam निग्रहस्थानम् ITA-1.7.19 Amendment of a faulty statement Correction of faults or defects revealed in a previous statement. parihāraḥ परिहारः ITA-1.7.20 Proposition, proposed hypothesis A statement requiring proof; the first step in the logical or inferential process of proving a hypothesis. pratijñā प्रतिज्ञा ITA-1.7.21 Abandoning the hypothesis A shift from the original hypothesis, rejection of an initial statement in response to an opponent’s views. pratijñāhāniḥ प्रतिज्ञाहानिः ITA-1.7.22 Proving the alternate hypothesis Offering a meaning or interpretation contrary to that of the proposed hypothesis. pratiṣṭhāpanā प्रतिष्ठापना ITA-1.7.23 Counter-question An enquiry or cross-examination based on sequential questions. pratyanuyogaḥ प्रत्यनुयोगः ITA-1.7.24 Syntax error, defective sentence A statement deficient in any of the five components of a sentence, thereby resulting in incomplete or distorted expression of meaning. vākyadoṣaḥ वाक्यदोषः ITA-1.7.25 Correct statement A statement free of any syntactical deficiencies and congruent with its exactly intended meaning. vākyapraśaṃsā वाक्यप्रशंसा ITA-1.7.26 Hostile debate, offensive argument A debate in which no counter-thesis is affirmed, and views are refuted without objective examination. vitaṇḍā वितण्डा ITA-1.7.27 Decision Arriving at a clear and unambiguous decision. vyavasāyaḥ व्यवसायः ITA-1.7.28 Proving the proposed hypothesis Justifying a proposition based on sound reason, illustration and conclusion. sthāpanā स्थापना ITA-1.7.29 Proposing the wrong reason Proposing a fallacious or irrelevant form of reasoning in a given context. hetvantaram हेत्वन्तरम् ITA-1.7.30 Discussion and debate amongst peers Discussion and debate between peers which is conducted in a friendly spirit and serves to advance knowledge. tadvidyasaṃbhāṣā, तद्विद्यसंभाषा ITA-1.7.31 Productive debate sandhāyasaṃbhāṣā सन्धायसंभाषा ITA-1.7.32 Unproductive, hostile debate vigṛhyasaṃbhāṣā विगृह्यसंभाषा ITA-1.8.1 Investigation, examination The standard of examination which affirms valid knowledge. parīkṣā परीक्षा ITA-1.8.2 Knowledge Valid knowledge. pramā प्रमा ITA-1.8.3 Proof, means of valid cognition or knowledge The tools which lead to accurate, true knowledge in Ayurveda are direct perception, observation (pratyakṣsham), codified knowledge, expert opinion (aptopadesha), inference based on observations (anumana), reasoning, understanding causation (yukti) and analogy (upamana). pramāṇaḥ प्रमाणः IT ITA-1.8.1.1 Direct perception, observation The immediate form of cognition arising from the interaction of the five senses and objects in the world. pratyakṣam प्रत्यक्षम् ITA-1.8.1.2 Contact The process in which the object of cognitive organ(s) (indriyartha),cognitive organ (indriya), mind (manas) and soul (atma) acquire direct perception of an object. sannikarṣaḥ सन्निकर्षः ITA-1.8.1.3 Indeterminate perception Direct perception, observation without specific details of the cognitive process. nirvikalpakam निर्विकल्पकम् ITA-1.8.1.4 Determinate perception Direct perception, observation with specific details of the cognitive process. savikalpakam सविकल्पकम् ITA-1.8.2.1 Inference based on observations The process of inference, in which a new conclusion is reached from direct observation by applying reason. anumānam अनुमानम् ITA-1.8.2.2 Inferential knowledge A conclusion reached from stated premises. anumitiḥ अनुमितिः ITA-1.8.2.3 Fallacious reason An argument which appears to be fallacious. ahetuḥ अहेतुः ITA-1.8.2.4 Cause or variable A cause or reason; the immediate cause of an observable event; the pivotal element in the inferential process. hetu हेतु ITA-1.8.2.5 Cause or variable, independent variable A cause possessing all formal characteristics which allow it to act as a sufficient reason for the inference of its marked object; the independent variable influencing the dependent variable. sadhetu सद्हेतु ITA-1.8.2.6 Independent variable Another term for the independent variable. sādhana साधन ITA-1.8.2.7 Dependent variable The effect or dependent variable influenced by the independent variable. sādhya साध्य ITA-1.8.2.8 False positive or false negative A fallacious inference which renders the entire inferential process invalid. hetvābhāsaḥ हेत्वाभासः ITA-1.8.2.9 Invariable concomitance, sensitivity The level of sensitivity between cause (hetu) and sign (linga). When the sign is invariably present with the cause (when the symptom is always seen associated with the pathological condition), this is referred to as invariable concomitance or sensitivity. avinābhāvasaṃbandhaḥ अविनाभावसंबन्धः ITA-1.8.2.10 Non-deviation, specificity The level of specificity between cause (hetu) and sign (linga). When the sign is coterminous with the cause and no other entity (when the symptom is seen only with a particular pathological condition) this is referred to as non-deviation or specificity. avyabhicāritva अव्यभिचारित्व ITA-1.8.2.11 Inseparable coexistence What is inseparable, inherent and essentially unified, e.g. an organic body. ayutasiddhatvam अयुतसिद्धत्वम् ITA-1.8.2.12 Chance effect The chance effect by which a medicine appears to cure or relieve the symptoms of a disease, when it is not possible to confirm a clinical outcome is the result of a given course of action. yadṛcchāsiddhiḥ यदृच्छासिद्धिः ITA-1.8.2.13 Real effect The real and attributable effect of a medicine or treatment, when it is possible to confirm that a clinical outcome is the result of a given course of action. prātiniyamikīsiddhiḥ प्रातिनियमिकीसिद्धिः ITA-1.8.2.14 Conditional effect Relating to or depending on special qualities, limited by particular conditions, valid only under certain suppositions. aupādhika औपाधिक ITA-1.8.2.15 Negative correlation A type of inference in which perception is obtained by negative concomitance (erroneous congruence between two premises). kevalavyatirekianumānam केवलव्यतिरेकि-अनुमानम् ITA-1.8.2.16 Positive correlation A type of inference in which perception is obtained by positive concomitance (veridical congruence between two premises). kevalānvayi-anumānam केवलान्वयि-अनुमानम् ITA-1.8.2.17 Speculative reasoning or debate A method of speculative reasoning or debate. tarkaḥ तर्कः ITA-1.8.2.18 Inference for self Obtaining the proof of inference for oneself. svārthānumānam स्वार्थानुमानम् ITA-1.8.2.19 Inference for others Obtaining the proof of inference for others. parārthānumānam परार्थानुमानम् ITA-1.8.2.20 Improper reason appearing identical to the subject Improper reasoning while making an inference in a particular context; a fallacy of inference; one of the ahetu. prakaraṇasamaḥ प्रकरणसमः ITA-1.8.2.21 Inference based on analogy The process of drawing an inference based on an analogy. parāmarśaḥ परामर्शः ITA-1.8.2.22 Subject under investigation The context in which a cause-and-effect relationship has not been affirmed but is being examined or investigated. pakṣaḥ पक्षः ITA-1.8.2.23 Context in which a cause-and-effect relationship is affirmed Figuratively, an accommodating context or environment. sapakṣaḥ सपक्षः ITA-1.8.2.24 Context in which a cause-and-effect relationship is negated Figuratively, an adversarial context or environment. vipakṣaḥ विपक्षः ITA-1.8.2.25 Invariable concomitance A condition pertaining to the logical conditions of inference in which minor terms uniformly exist in the same loci as major terms. vyāptiḥ व्याप्तिः ITA-1.8.2.26 Negative invariable concomitance A condition pertaining to the logical conditions of inference in which minor terms do not exist in all loci with major terms. vyatirekavyāptiḥ व्यतिरे कव्याप्तिः ITA-1.8.2.27 Five-stepped syllogism A collective term used for deriving intended inference based on five syllogistic steps, namely: proposition/declaration (pratijna), means/reason or cause for obtaining knowledge (hetu), example (drishtanta/audaharaṇa), comparison between proposition and example (upanaya) and establishment of the statement (nigamana). pañcāvayava-vākyam पञ्चावयव-वाक्यम् ITA-1.8.2.28 Categorical examples An illustration or example which can be understood by both expert and lay person. udāharaṇam उदाहरणम् ITA-1.8.2.29 Causative agent The agent which initiates action independently; also denoted as cause (hetu) or doer (karma). It may be of three types: inherent cause (samavayikarana), non-inherent cause (asamavayi-karaṇa) and efficient cause (nimitta-karana). kāraṇam कारणम् ITA-1.8.2.30 Inherent cause Of the three types of cause (karana), inherent cause is the most essential: it denotes the causal substrate or substance in which an effect occurs (through inherence). samavāyikāraṇam समवायिकारणम् ITA-1.8.2.31 Non-inherent cause This type of cause includes only qualities (including relational qualities) that inhere in the causal substrate and are causally relevant to the effect, e.g. coloured threads in the appearance of a piece of cloth. asamavāyi-kāraṇam असमवायि-कारणम् ITA-1.8.2.32 Efficient cause This type of cause includes all other factors that are causally relevant to the effect in question. A potter, along with his wheel, rod and tools can be regarded as the “efficient” cause of the effect, a pot. This resembles the cause of the same name in Aristotelianism. nimitta-kāraṇam निमित्त-कारणम् ITA-1.8.3.1 Codified knowledge, expert opinion Statement of an authority or expert in a particular field. āptopadeśaḥ आप्तोपदेशः ITA-1.8.3.2 Reasoning, understanding causation The perception of the multiplicity of factors behind a phenomenon or event. yuktiḥ युक्तिः ITA-1.8.3.3 Analogy A Sanskrit term which literally means “comparison”; the fourth of the five means (pramaṇa) by which valid cognition of the world is possible. upamānaḥ उपमानः ITA-1.8.3.4 Object of knowledge, the object of investigation The objects of enquiry in any given discipline or field. prameyaḥ प्रमेयः ITA-1.8.3.5 Object denoted by a word Etymologically “the meaning or referent of a word”, it is applied to any entity that is knowable and nameable, i.e. an object of experience. padārthaḥ पदार्थः ITA-1.9.1 Six ontological categories of an object The object of experience is subdivided into six fundamental categories: generality (samanyam), particularity (vishesham), substance (dravyam), quality (gunaḥ), action (karma), and inherence (samavayaḥ).  ṣaṭpadārthāḥ षट् -पदार्थाः ITA-1.9.1.1 Generality, shared feature Denotes the universal or class-essence. The principle of similarity may identify a commonality among different substances, qualities and actions. sāmānyam सामान्यम् ITA-1.9.1.2 Similarity at the level of substance Substance is the substratum of qualities and actions and the material cause of all composite things. This term denotes the similarity between substances, e.g. flesh to replenish and nourish muscle tissue. dravya-sāmānyam द्रव्य-सामान्यम् ITA-1.9.1.3 Similarity at the level of qualities or properties Quality exists in substance. This term denotes the similarity in quality exhibited by different substances, e.g. semen and milk. guṇa-sāmānyam गुण-सामान्यम् ITA-1.9.1.4 Similarity at the level of action Action or physical movement which may lead to an increase in a specific element. e.g. sleep increasing kapha. karma-sāmānyam कर्म-सामान्यम् ITA-1.9.2.1 Particularity, distinct feature The unique individuality of the substances. An attribute that causes depletion or decrease (hrasahetu), as well as diversity and dissimilarity (pṛthaktva). viśeṣam विशेषम् ITA-1.9.2.2 Dissimilarity at the level of substance A substance which on consumption or usage may lead to a decrease in a specific element or attribute in the living system. dravya-viśeṣaḥ द्रव्य-विशेषः ITA-1.9.2.3 Dissimilarity at the level of quality Qualities with opposing actions which result in one of them being depleted, e.g. the pacification of vata with usage of sesame oil owing to its opposite qualities. guṇa-viśeṣaḥ गुण-विशेषः ITA-1.9.2.4 Dissimilarity at the level of action An activity which causes depletion or reduction, e.g. physical exercise reducing kapha, which otherwise would increase with inactivity. karma-viśeṣaḥ कर्म-विशेषः ITA-1.9.3.1 Substance, entity Matter. dravyam द्रव्यम् ITA-1.9.3.1.1 Causal material A group of nine elementary causal substances that underlie the manifestation of all other substances, namely five basic elements (space, air, fire, water and earth), self (atma), mind (manas), time (kala) and direction (dik). kāraṇadravyam कारणद्रव्यम् ITA-1.9.3.1.2 Five elements The five elements (panchamahabhuta) 1. Space (akasha); 2. air (vayu); 3. fire (tejas, agni); 4. water (jalam); and 5. earth (prithvi). pañcamahābhūta पञ्चमहाभूत ITA-1.9.3.1.3 Space element Characterized by non-obstruction and responsible for the space occupied by all substances. It is the substratum of sound, perceived by the ears. ākāśaḥ आकाशः ITA-1.9.3.1.4 Air element Responsible for movement, acts as the substratum of touch perceived by skin. vāyuḥ वायुः ITA-1.9.3.1.5 Fire element Responsible for heat, acts as the substratum for form and vision, perceived by the eyes. Tejaḥ तेजः ITA-1.9.3.1.6 Water element Responsible for cohesion and fluidity, acts as the substratum of taste, perceived by the tongue. jalam जलम् ITA-1.9.3.1.7 Earth element Responsible for mass and the force of attraction. It acts as the substratum of smell, perceived by the nose. pṛthvī पृथ्वी ITA-1.9.3.1.8 Rudimentary, undifferentiated element Subtle physical state of all five elements from which a gross element (mahabhuta) is produced. tanmātrā तन्मात्रा ITA-1.9.3.2.1 Self Soul, the principle of life and sensation, the individual self, the conscious element in the human body. ātmā आत्मा ITA-1.9.3.2.2 Self-embodied being The soul in association with the living body, the vital principle as the proximate cause of life and action. bhūtātmā भूतात्मा ITA-1.9.3.2.3 Living being, individual self The lifelong vital principle. jīvaḥ जीवः ITA-1.9.3.2.4 The knower Perceiver of knowledge, soul. jñaḥ ज्ञः ITA-1.9.3.2.5 The doer, the executing agent A word which also denotes soul, but may be used figuratively to denote author or physician. kartā कर्ता ITA-1.9.3.2.6 Witness of all actions The soul (atma) not actively participating in any action but performing the duty of a witness. sākṣī साक्षी ITA-1.9.3.2.7 Relating to self Relating to the soul as the presiding entity over the body. ādhyātmika आध्यात्मिक ITA-1.9.3.2.8 Subtle body, causal body The subtle body which consists of mind or psyche (manas), sense organs (indriya) and soul (atma) and is devoid of gross body; it is sometimes referred as the causal body or subtle body. ativāhika-śarīram/ sūkṣmaśarīram/ liṅgaśarīram अतिवाहिक-शरीरम्/ सूक्ष्मशरीरम् / लिङ्ग शरीरम् ITA-1.9.3.2.9 Person, living being The personal and animating principle in all sentient beings, the soul. puruṣaḥ पुरुषः ITA-1.9.3.2.10 Complete self-control Absolute autonomy, not subject to control by others. vaśī वशी ITA-1.9.3.2.11 Person as the object of treatment The treatable entity (a person), consisting of five elements and soul . cikitsya-puruṣaḥ, ṣaḍdhātupuruṣa चिकित्स्य-पुरुषः, षड्धातुपुरुष ITA-1.9.3.2.12 Embodied being composed of 24 elements A body composed of 24 elements, namely: 1. eight primordial entities (ashtaprakriti) including unmanifested microcosm (avyakta), all-pervading intelligence (mahat) and the five rudimentary, undifferentiated elements (tanmatra); and 2. sixteen derivatives (shodashavikriti) comprising the five elements, the five organs of sense, five organs of action, and mind. caturviṃśati-puruṣaḥ चतुर्विंशति-पुरुषः ITA-1.9.3.2.13 Invisible, unforeseen Not experienced, unobserved, unknown, the invisible result of works done in former states of embodied existence; unseen consequences of an act. adṛṣṭam अदृष्टम् ITA-1.9.3.2.14 Inactive Inactiveness of atma, indicating its principal quality of performing the duty of being a witness to events. niṣkriyaḥ निष्क्रियः ITA-1.9.3.2.15 Omnipresent Being everywhere, all pervading, an attribute of atma. vibhu विभु ITA-1.9.3.2.16 Without beginning A process or state whose beginning cannot be ascertained. anādi अनादि ITA-1.9.3.2.17 Consciousness Awareness, conscious self or intelligence. cetanā/ caitanyam चेतना/ चैतन्यम् ITA-1.9.3.2.18 Eternal Everlasting, interminable, constant. nityam नित्यम् ITA-1.9.3.2.19 Formless A quality of soul which is devoid of all bodily and psychological ailments. nirvikāram निर्विकारम् ITA-1.9.3.2.20 Irresistible will The ability to become irresistible, the condition of not being subject to another’s will. prākāmyam प्राकाम्यम् ITA-1.9.3.2.21 Immutable Not liable to change; imperishable , undecaying. avyayaḥ अव्ययः ITA-1.9.3.2.22 Observer, witness of all actions Synonym of the term atma. draṣṭā द्रष्टा ITA-1.9.3.2.23 Independent Autonomy; an attribute of soul (atma). svatantra स्वतन्त्र ITA-1.9.3.2.24 Introverted consciousness Living beings with internal consciousness, i.e. their consciousness is not externally manifested (plants). antaścetana अन्तश्चेतन ITA-1.9.3.2.25 Salvation, liberation Liberation, cessation from worldly existence or transmigration, the fourth goal of life (puruṣartha). mokṣaḥ मोक्षः ITA-1.9.3.2.26 Perception of truth State of self-realization of ultimate reality, which eliminates all worldly miseries and leads to liberation and the emergence of true knowledge in which the soul transcends the ego. satyabuddhiḥ सत्यबुद्धिः ITA-1.9.3.2.27 Liberation in the embodied state Attaining emancipation or salvation while still alive, liberation from karmic rebirth. jīvanmuktiḥ जीवन्मुक्तिः ITA-1.9.3.2.28 Person showing signs of impending death A person with fatal prognostic signs. puṣpitaḥ पुष्पितः ITA-1.9.3.2.29 After death Having died, after death, in the next world. pretya प्रेत्य ITA-1.9.3.3.1 Mind, psyche The faculty through which cognitive organs (indriya) connect with the soul (atman). Denotes consciousness. manaḥ, cetaḥ मनः, चेतः ITA-1.9.3.3.2 Characteristics of mind Two features of mind (manas): minuteness (the smallest possible structure) (anutva) and oneness or singularity (ekatva). manoguṇaḥ/svarūpam मनोगुणः/स्वरूपम् ITA-1.9.3.3.3 Atomicity Having the dimension of an atom , the smallest possible or minute entity (cf. atomism). aṇutva, paramāṇu अणुत्व, परमाणु ITA-1.9.3.3.4 Singularity Oneness or singularity (monism), in which no other entity can supplant the role of mind or psyche (manas) in the body. ekatva एकत्व ITA-1.9.3.3.5 Trans-sense migration The rapid conjugation of mind with the sensory or motor organs. indriyāntara-sañcāraḥ इन्द्रियान्तर-सञ्चारः ITA-1.9.3.3.6 Transient, perishable Not everlasting, transient, occasional, incidental. anityam अनित्यम् ITA-1.9.3.3.7 Objects of the mind Mind or psychic functions, namely: thought, analysis, contemplation, mediation and volition. manoarthaḥ मनोऽर्थः ITA-1.9.3.3.8 Decision-making The process of weighing up or considering the worth of an action or its alternatives. cintanam चिन्तनम् ITA-1.9.3.3.9 Reasoning The application of reason in critical analysis. vicāraḥ विचारः ITA-1.9.3.3.10 Conjecture The process of speculating about the possible or likely occurrence of an event. ūhaḥ ऊहः ITA-1.9.3.3.11 Contemplation The act of meditating or contemplating a chosen object, a form of focused thinking in which mind and body function as a harmonious whole. dhyānam ध्यानम् ITA-1.9.3.3.12 Evaluation The process of assessing merits and demerits. saṅkalpaḥ सङ्कल्पः ITA-1.9.3.3.13 Psychological or mental attributes The characteristic features or attributes of the mind. mānasika-bhāvaḥ मानसिक-भावः ITA-1.9.3.3.14 Intellect Understanding, intelligence or wisdom. dhīḥ धीः ITA-1.9.3.3.15 Ability to control impulses The controlling or stable intellect, the ability to restrain or resolve impulsive behaviour. dhṛtiḥ धृतिः ITA-1.9.3.3.16 Memory, recollection The faculty of recollection, remembrance of things directly perceived or heard (scriptures) which results from a particular conjunction between soul and mind. smṛtiḥ स्मृतिः ITA-1.9.3.3.17 Six internal enemies Six mental attributes or inner faults that lead to bondage of the soul, namely: desire, anger, greed, delusion, arrogance and jealousy. ṣaḍripuḥ षड्रिपुः ITA-1.9.3.3.18 Desire, lust Lust or desire for sensual pleasure; also, one of the four goals of life (puruṣartha). kāmaḥ कामः ITA-1.9.3.3.19 Anger Also translated as fury, rage or wrath. krodhaḥ क्रोधः ITA-1.9.3.3.20 Greed An excessive or insatiable desire to acquire an object beyond need. lobhaḥ लोभः ITA-1.9.3.3.21 Delusion A state of confusion or perplexity that leads to incorrect perception and error. mohaḥ मोहः ITA-1.9.3.3.22 Arrogance A state of being emotionally aroused, prideful and stubborn. madaḥ मदः ITA-1.9.3.3.23 Discontentment A state of being discontent with one’s state of affairs, being envious, competitive. mātsaryam मात्सर्यम् ITA-1.9.3.3.24 Ego A term for ego in the possessive or prideful sense; also, a principle in the cosmic development of individuality or selfconsciousness. ahaṅkāraḥ अहङ्कारः ITA-1.9.3.3.25 Self-restraint A term that expresses self-command or self-control. damaḥ दमः ITA-1.9.3.3.26 Devotion A natural attachment, inclination or fondness for something; often used as a synonym for faith or love. bhaktiḥ भक्तिः ITA-1.9.3.3.27 Shyness A term that expresses modesty, sense of decency or decorum. lajjā लज्जा ITA-1.9.3.3.28 Humility A term that expresses proper conduct, decency, modesty or mildness. vinayaḥ विनयः ITA-1.9.3.3.29 Discrimination The ability to distinguish and classify things according to their absolute properties. vivekaḥ विवेकः ITA-1.9.3.3.30 Grief, sorrow or misery A state of affliction caused by various determinants (vibhava) such as the death of a loved person, loss of wealth or personal misfortune. śokaḥ शोकः ITA-1.9.3.3.31 Delusion A mental state characterized by infatuation or being led astray. sammohaḥ सम्मोहः ITA-1.9.3.3.32 Contentment A state of mind unaffected by greed, freedom from undue desire, disinterestedness. alobhaḥ अलोभः ITA-1.9.3.3.33 Pride A condition of arrogance, haughtiness, insolence or conceit. darpaḥ दर्पः ITA-1.9.3.3.34 Inner cognitive faculty The four-tiered inner system: intellect (buddhi), mind (manas), self-awareness (ahamkara) and the storehouse of moods and memories (citta) which facilitate perception, cognition and consciousness. antaḥkaraṇam अन्तःकरणम् ITA-1.9.3.4.1 Time as a continuum, one of the nine elementary causal substances (karanadravya). kālaḥ कालः ITA-1.9.3.5.1 Direction The points of the compass, cardinal and ordinal directions, bearing points. diśaḥ दिशः ITA-1.9.3.6.1 Unmanifest, without form An entity that has not settled into any fixed shape or form, and is not embodied. amūrtadravyam अमूर्तद्रव्यम् ITA-1.9.3.6.2 Substances having Resultant material(s), product or effect A tangible or perceptible substance, or substance that has form, gross substances settled into a fixed shape or form; also refers to material, embodied or incarnate things. Mūrtadravya, paramāṇuḥ मूर्तद्रव्य, परमाणुः ITA-1.9.3.7.1 An applicable or effective substance that is a manifestation of the nine causal substances. kāryadravyam कार्यद्रव्यम् ITA-1.9.3.7.2 Sentient being Any living, sentient, aware, feeling, animate being; any substance imbued with life (including plants). cetana-dravyam/ sendriyaḥ चेतन-द्रव्यम्/सेन्द्रियः ITA-1.9.3.7.3 Stationary in form, inner sentience A division of the natural world which refers to living beings which have internal awareness or inner sentience not manifested externally, i.e. trees and plants. sthāvaraḥ/antaścetanaḥ स्थावरः/अन्तश्चेतनः ITA-1.9.3.7.4 Plant bearing fruits only A plant which does not bear visible flowers (apushpa) such as the flowerless Ficus glomerata (uduṃbara) or Ficus benghalensis (vaṭa). vanaspatiḥ वनस्पतिः ITA-1.9.3.7.5 Plant bearing flowers and fruits A plant which bears visible flowers and fruits such as Mangifera indica (amra) or Syzyigium cumini (jambu). vānaspatya वानस्पत्य ITA-1.9.3.7.6 Tree A tree, e.g. Indian banyan (Ficus benghalensis L.) (vaṭa). vṛkṣaḥ वृक्षः ITA-1.9.3.7.7 Small plant A herb or shrub, e.g. country mallow (Sida cordifolia L.) (bala). vīrudha वीरुध ITA-1.9.3.7.8 Climber A twiner or climber, e.g. vidari (Pueraria tuberosa) or kapikacchu (Mucuna prurita). latā लता ITA-1.9.3.7.9 Shrub A small, nonclimbing plant, e.g. Abutilon indicum (atibala) or Desmodium gangeticum (shaliparni). gulma गुल्म ITA-1.9.3.7.10 A plant which withers after fructification A plant which perishes after bearing fruit or being harvested such as annual herbs like paddy, pulses, wheat or maize. oṣadhī ओषधी ITA-1.9.3.7.11 Mobile life form with internal and external sentience Any living being in the animal kingdom which visibly reacts to external stimuli. jaṅgamaḥ/ bahirantaścetanaḥ जङ्गमः/ बहिरन्तश्चेतनः ITA-1.9.3.7.12 Viviparous animals An animal species which undergoes placental birth, e.g. humans, lions, tigers, cows or goats. jarāyujaḥ जरायुजः ITA-1.9.3.7.13 Oviparous animals An animal species which undergoes oviparous birth, e.g. reptiles, birds or fish. aṇḍajaḥ अण्डजः ITA-1.9.3.7.14 Creatures generated by humidity An insect species which thrives in a sweaty or humid environment e.g. flies, mosquitos, ants or worms. svedajaḥ स्वेदजः ITA-1.9.3.7.15 Telluric creatures Smaller creatures which sprout from the earth or dwell underneath mud, e.g. frogs. udbhijaḥ उद्भिजः ITA-1.9.3.7.16 Insentient material A non-living, inanimate substance lacking all consciousness, e.g. minerals. acetana-dravyam/ nirindriyaḥ अचेतन-द्रव्यम्/ निरिन्द्रियः ITA-1.9.3.7.17 Mineral substances An inorganic substance naturally occurring in the earth which has a consistent and distinctive set of physical properties and composition; a mineral. khanijaḥ खनिजः ITA-1.9.3.7.18 Synthetic substances Any artificial or synthesized substance. kṛtrimam कृत्रिमम् ITA-1.9.4.1 Property, quality or trait Attribute, property or quality of a substance; it forms an inseparable entity with substance (dravya); quality is devoid of any action on its own, although it is responsible for action through dravya. guṇaḥ गुणः ITA-1.9.4.2 Three primordial psychophysical attributes of nature The three primary attributes of the universe, also indicative of mental attributes: tranquillity or harmony (sattva), agitation or activity (rajas) and inertia (tamas). The interplay of these gunas defines the character of a person or thing and determines the progress of life. triguṇāḥ, mahāguṇaḥ त्रिगुणा, महागुणः ITA-1.9.4.3 Tranquillity, harmony Characterized by lightness, knowledge and enlightenment, it is a stable state of mind and does not vitiate the same. sattvam सत्त्वम् ITA-1.9.4.4 Agitation, activity Characterized by activity, initiation, action and attachment, it is capable of vitiating the mind. rajaḥ रजः ITA-1.9.4.5 Inertia Characterized by darkness, ignorance and laziness, it is capable of vitiating the mind. tamaḥ तमः ITA-1.9.4.1.1 Objects of special senses The five objects of sensory perception: touch, smell, sight, taste and sound. arthaḥ, vaiśeṣikaguṇāḥ अर्थः, वैशेषिकगुणाः ITA-1.9.4.1.2 Smell Trait of earth element. gandhaḥ गन्धः ITA-1.9.4.1.3 Taste Trait of water element. rasaḥ रसः ITA-1.9.4.1.4 Visual form, colour Trait of fire element. rūpaḥ रूपः ITA-1.9.4.1.5 Touch Trait of air element. sparśaḥ स्पर्शः ITA-1.9.4.1.6 Sound Trait of space element. śabdaḥ शब्दः ITA-1.9.4.2.1 Physical attributes, properties or qualities The property of a substance which is related to body tissues; it is extensively used for selecting and preparing Ayurveda medicines and applying them successfully. śārīra-guṇāḥ/gurvādiguṇāḥ शारीर-गुणाः/गुर्वादिगुणाः ITA-1.9.4.2.2 Heaviness The quality of a substance which is responsible for nourishment. guruḥ गुरुः ITA-1.9.4.2.3 Lightness The quality of a substance which promotes lightness and decreases physical bulk and heaviness. laghuḥ लघुः ITA-1.9.4.2.4 Mildness, slowness The quality of a substance which is responsible for slow, mild or low intensity activity or response . mandaḥ मन्दः ITA-1.9.4.2.5 Sharpness, speed The quality of a substance which is responsible for rapid, strong or high intensity activity or response.. tīkṣṇaḥ तीक्ष्णः ITA-1.9.4.2.6 Coldness The quality of a substance which is responsible for promoting coldness and stiffness (staṃbhana). śītaḥ शीतः ITA-1.9.4.2.7 Hotness The quality of a substance which is responsible for promoting sweating, softening or ripening (paka). uṣṇaḥ उष्णः ITA-1.9.4.2.8 Unctuousness, oiliness The quality of a substance which is responsible for imparting smoothness, oiliness and moisture. snigdhaḥ स्निग्धः ITA-1.9.4.2.9 Dryness The quality of a substance which is responsible for dryness and absorbs moisture. rūkṣaḥ रूक्षः ITA-1.9.4.2.10 Smoothness, slipperiness The quality of a substance which is responsible for smoothness. ślakṣṇaḥ श्लक्ष्णः ITA-1.9.4.2.11 Roughness The quality of a substance which is responsible for roughness. kharaḥ खरः ITA-1.9.4.2.12 Density, viscidity The quality of a substance which is responsible for density. sāndraḥ सान्द्रः ITA-1.9.4.2.13 Fluidity, liquidness The quality of a substance which is responsible for fluidity. dravaḥ द्रवः ITA-1.9.4.2.14 Softness, mildness The quality of a substance which is responsible for producing softness or fragility. mṛduḥ मृदःु ITA-1.9.4.2.15 Hardness The quality of a substance which is responsible for firmness or hardness. kaṭhinaḥ कठिनः ITA-1.9.4.2.16 Minuteness, penetrating The quality of a substance which is responsible for minuteness and consequent ability to pass through barriers. sūkṣmaḥ सूक्ष्मः ITA-1.9.4.2.17 Grossness, bulkiness The quality of a substance which is responsible for bulkiness and consequent ability to fill spaces. sthūlaḥ स्थूलः ITA-1.9.4.2.18 Stability, immobility The quality of a substance which is responsible for maintaining stability and position . sthiraḥ स्थिरः ITA-1.9.4.2.19 Instability, mobility The quality of a substance which is responsible for stimulation and mobility (preraṇa), and which governs normal movements such as peristalsis. saraḥ सरः ITA-1.9.4.2.20 Conspicuous-ness, leanness, shininess The quality of a substance which is responsible for purging and keeping tissues free of vitiated substances. viśadaḥ विशदः ITA-1.9.4.2.21 Sliminess, murkiness The quality of a substance which is responsible for providing a coating effect to body tissues. picchilaḥ पिच्छिलः ITA-1.9.4.3.1 Qualities of the self The six attributes of the self (atma): intelligence (buddhi), pleasure (sukha), sorrow (duḥkha), desire (iccha), aversion (dvesha) and effort (prayatna). ātmaguṇaḥ आत्मगुणः ITA-1.9.4.3.2 Intelligence, intellect The power of forming and retaining concepts and general notions: intelligence, reason, intellect, discernment or judgement. buddhiḥ बुद्धिः ITA-1.9.4.3.3 Pleasure, happiness A favourable perception including happiness, delight, joy and pleasure. sukham सुखम् ITA-1.9.4.3.4 Sorrow, pain An unfavourable perception including unhappiness, sorrow and grief; the opposite of pleasure. duḥkham दुःखम् ITA-1.9.4.3.5 Desire, craving The direct cause of action that seeks pleasure. icchā इच्छा ITA-1.9.4.3.6 Aversion The opposite of desire. The Sanskrit term dvesha, also denotes a suppressible urge. dveṣaḥ द्वेषः ITA-1.9.4.3.7 Effort The quality of being stimulated or striving to achieve an object. prayatnaḥ प्रयत्नः ITA-1.9.4.4.1 Qualities beginning with term “paratva” A group of ten clinical decision criteria commencing with “paratva that support a practitioner in the analytical process of deciding on appropriate interventions. parādiguṇaḥ परादिगुणः ITA-1.9.4.4.2 Relatively superior, nearer the cause Priority, superiority or greater utility of a substance over the other substances, e.g. in pharmaceutical preparations. paratvam परत्वम् ITA-1.9.4.4.3 Relatively inferior, further from the cause Inferiority of substance in relation to other substances. aparatvam अपरत्वम् ITA-1.9.4.4.4 Number, enumeration, tally The quality that enables determination of amounts and calculations. saṃkhyā संख्या ITA-1.9.4.4.5 Combination A combination or amalgam of two or more substances. saṃyogaḥ संयोगः ITA-1.9.4.4.6 Division The quality of being able to divide or subdivide a particular substance. vibhāgaḥ विभागः ITA-1.9.4.4.7 Separation or exclusion, particularity The quality by which one substance is differentiated or separated from the other. pṛthaktvam पृथक्त्वम् ITA-1.9.4.4.8 Quantity, measurement The quality by which the measurement of various substances is possible. parimāṇaḥ परिमाणः ITA-1.9.4.4.9 Logical management, rationale The quality of being able to intelligently consider circumstances and act on that basis; also considered as one of the methods of investigation and examination. yuktiḥ युक्तिः ITA-1.9.4.4.10 Alteration of properties The quality of being able to induce a change or transformation in the original properties of any substance. saṃskāraḥ संस्कारः ITA-1.9.4.4.11 Practice The quality of being able to repeat an action or procedure to abhyāsaḥ acquire expertise, as exemplified by the saying “practice makes perfect”: an important quality for physicians and pharmacists. अभ्यासः Activity, one of the six ontological categories of an object. It refers to pharmacological, nutritional and action in the context of medical practice. karma कर्म Coexistence or concomitance, an intimate and constant relation between the whole and its parts or the basic elements (mahabhuta) and their qualities. samavāyaḥ समवायः Action ITA-1.9.5.1 Action ITA-1.9.6.1 Inherence ITA-1.9.7.1 Nonexistence Absence, negation or nonexistence: there are four kinds. abhāvaḥ अभावः ITA-1.9.7.2 Prior nonexistence Antecedent nonbeing of an entity before its production or manifestation. prāgabhāvaḥ प्रागभावः ITA-1.9.7.3 Posterior nonexistence An entity that ceases to exist after its destruction. pradhvaṃsābhāvaḥ प्रध्वंसाभावः ITA-1.9.7.4 Absolute nonexistence Absolute nonexistence, without beginning or end. atyantābhāvaḥ अत्यन्ताभावः ITA-1.9.7.5 Mutual nonexistence Nonexistence of a substance in the form of another substance. It refers to the difference of one thing from another thing. e.g. a table is not the chair, denoting the mutual exclusiveness of table and chair and the independent existence of one with respect to the existence or non-existence of the other. anyonyābhāvaḥ अन्योन्याभावः ITA-1.10.1 Major triad of Ayurveda texts The three principal texts of Ayurveda. Carakasamhita, Sushrutasamhita and the writings of Vāgbhaṭa: Ashtangasamgraha and Ashtangahridaya. bṛhattrayī (Carakasaṃhita, Suśrutasaṃhita, Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha, Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya) बृहत्त्रयी, (चरकसंहिता, सुश्रुतसंहिता, अष्टाङ्गसंग्रह, अष्टाङ्गहृदय) ITA-1.10.2 Lesser triad of Ayurveda texts The supportive texts of Ayurveda. Madhavanidana, Sharangadharasamhita and Bhavaprakāśa. Laghutrayī (Mādhavanidāna, Śārṅgadharasaṃhita, Bhāvaprakāśa) लघुत्रयी (माधवनिदान, शार्ङ्गधरसंहिता, भावप्रकाश) ITA-1.10.3 Materia medica A glossary setting out synonyms, as well as the properties, names and actions of drugs, plants, minerals or other substances administered either as food or medicines to the human body. nighaṇṭuḥ निघण्टुः ITA-1.11.1 Ten items for clinical investigation Ten important aspects of medical examination: principal agent (karana); tool, instrument (karana); substratum of treatment (karyayoni); treatment protocol (karya); immediate outcome, primary endpoint (karyaphala); consequence, long-term effect (anubandha); habitat (desha); time (kala); action (pravritti); and ailment-countering stratagem, means of action (upaya). daśavidhaparīkṣyabhāvaḥ (kāraṇa, karaṇa, kāryayoni, kārya, kāryaphala, anubandha, deśaḥ, kālaḥ, pravṛttiḥ, upāyaḥ) दशविधपरीक्ष्यभावः (कारण, करण, कार्ययोनि, कार्य, कार्यफल, अनुबन्ध, देशः, कालः, प्रवृत्ति, उपायः) ITA-1.11.2 Principal agent The means by which an action is effectuated, the idea expressed by instrumental cause: in the medical context may often refer to the physician, who is instrumental in maintaining fundamental bodily equilibrium. kāraṇam कारणम् ITA-1.11.3 Tool, instrument The tool or instrument used for treatment, i.e. a medicine or procedure. karaṇam करणम् ITA-1.11.4 Substratum of treatment The intimate cause of illness, i.e. a disturbance of the fundamental bodily equilibrium. kāryayoniḥ कार्ययोनिः ITA-1.11.5 Treatment protocol The process undertaken to attain health or the fundamental bodily equilibrium (dhatusamya), i.e. the treatment process. kāryaḥ कार्यः ITA-1.11.6 Immediate outcome, primary endpoint The aim of treatment: to bring mind, intellect, the sense organs and the body into equilibrium and attain a state of healthiness or happiness. kāryaphalam कार्यफलम् ITA-1.11.7 Consequence, longterm effect Continuity of effect or long-term outcome, which includes the achievement of healthy longevity. anubandhaḥ अनुबन्धः ITA-1.11.8 Habitat Land, habitat or environment; it may designate body parts as well as geographical regions. deśaḥ देशः ITA-1.11.9 Time Time in general including the seasons, the point when something occurs (which may refer to diseases). kālaḥ कालः ITA-1.11.10 Action The onset of a treatment or therapeutic action. pravṛttiḥ प्रवृत्तिः ITA-1.11.11 Ailment-countering stratagem, means of action A word meaning excellence, goodness or skilfulness: it is often applied to the physician and the justness of any chosen therapy or means of action. upāyaḥ उपायः ITA-1.11.12 Prompt and appropriate The ability to make correct and rapid decisions under action pressing conditions. pratipattiḥ प्रतिपत्तिः ITA-1.11.13 Components of medical practice These four components or elements are: the physician (vaidya, bhishak), materials for treatment (dravya), attendants or paramedics (upasthata) and the patient (rogi). pādacatuṣṭayam पादचतुष्टयम् ITA-1.11.14 Physician The physician or medical practitioner is expected to have the following qualities: to be an expert in medical treatment (daksha), academically qualified (trirthashastrartha), experienced (drishtakarma), in good physical and mental health (shuci) and able to fully appreciate the state of health or illness of the patient. vaidyaḥ वैद्यः ITA-1.11.15 Materials for treatment The material employed for treatment is expected to have the following qualities: utility in various dosage forms (bahukalpa), multitude of therapeutic qualities (bahuguna), wholesome nature (sampanna) and applicable in various contexts (yogyam). dravya, auṣadha द्रव्य, औषध ITA-1.11.16 Attendants, paramedics An attendant or paramedic is expected to have the following qualities: to be kind-hearted (anurakta), pure in mind, thoughts and action (shuci), skilled (daksha) and intelligent (buddhiman). upasthātā उपस्थाता ITA-1.11.17 Patient A patient is expected to have the following qualities: to be able to afford treatment personally or through a system support (adhya), consenting (bishagvashya), bear in mind instructions personally or through a reminder system (jnapakaḥ) and exert willpower (satvavan). rogi रोगि ITA-2.1.1 Dosha The regulatory functional factors of the body formed by the synchronized interplay between the five basic elements within any living system. doṣaḥ दोषः ITA-2.1.2 Three doshas or tridosha The three regulatory functional factors of the body are: vata, pitta and kapha. tridoṣaḥ, śārīrikadoṣa त्रिदोषः, शारीरिकदोष ITA-2.1.1.1 Vata, dosha regulating movement and cognition One of the three regulatory functional factors (dosha). The functional balance governing all sensory perceptions, motor activities and higher mental activities. The predominant basic elements in vata are air and space. vātaḥ वातः ITA-2.1.1.2 Vata, dosha that provides the attribute of life to an organism, life force Subtype of vata seated in the head and controlling the intellect, heart, sensory and motor organs and mind. It also regulates activities such as respiration, spitting, sneezing, belching and swallowing. Also denotes life or vitality, which is evidenced by breathing and all kinds of movements relating to the living body. prāṇaḥ प्राणः ITA-2.1.1.3 Ascending vata Subtype of vata seated in the chest region which extends from the umbilical region to the neck or throat. Its functions include effort, strength, governing the voice and speech production. udānaḥ उदानः ITA-2.1.1.4 Circulating vata Subtype of vata seated in the cardiac region (hrdaya), which circulates or diffuses through the body. It performs the function of circulating of fluids through heart to all parts of the body, as well as transporting various materials from one body part to another. vyānaḥ व्यानः ITA-2.1.1.5 Kindling vata Subtype of vata seated at the navel (between stomach and intestines) and close to digestive fire: it is responsible for metabolism and transformation. samānaḥ समानः ITA-2.1.1.6 Descending vata Subtype of vata seated in the pelvic region and its vicinity. It exerts a downward force. It controls functions like defecation, micturition, parturition, menstruation and ejaculation. apānaḥ अपानः ITA-2.1.1.7 Functions of vata vāta-karma वात-कर्म ITA-2.1.1.8 Enthusiasm utsāhaḥ उत्साहः ITA-2.1.1.9 Expiration ucchvāsaḥ उच्छ्वासः ITA-2.1.1.10 Inspiration, inhalation niḥśvāsaḥ निःश्वासः ITA-2.1.1.11 Motion, action, function ceṣṭā चेष्टा ITA-2.1.1.12 Gait gatiḥ गतिः ITA-2.1.1.13 Closure of eyelid nimeṣaḥ निमेषः ITA-2.1.1.14 Opening of eyelid unmeṣaḥ उन्मेषः ITA-2.1.2.1 Pitta, dosha regulating body temperature and metabolic activities Pitta is one of the three regulatory functional factors; it is responsible for digestion and metabolism in the body. The predominant basic elements in pitta are fire and water. pittam पित्तम् ITA-2.1.2.2 Digesting pitta Subtype of pitta mainly responsible for digestion. It divides the food into nutritive and waste portions and supports other subtypes of pitta. pācaka-pittam पाचकपित्तम् ITA-2.1.2.3 Colouring pitta Subtype of pitta seated in liver, spleen and its pigment in blood. rañjaka-pittam रञ्जकपित्तम् ITA-2.1.2.4 Pitta for vision Subtype of pitta seated in the eye which is responsible for visual perception. ālocaka-pittam आलोचकपित्तम् ITA-2.1.2.5 Pitta for complexion Subtype of pitta seated in the skin which is responsible for its glossiness or lustre. bhrājakapittam भ्राजकपित्तम् ITA-2.1.2.6 Pitta for intellect Subtype of pitta seated in the heart which is responsible for driving the higher mental functions involving decisions and actions for accomplishments. sādhakapittam साधकपित्तम् ITA-2.1.2.7 Functions of pitta General term for functions of pitta pitta-karma पित्तकर्म ITA-2.1.2.8 Lustre prabhā प्रभा ITA-2.1.2.9 Hunger kṣudhā क्षुधा ITA-2.1.2.10 Vision darśanam दर्शनम् ITA-2.1.2.11 Metabolic transformation paktiḥ पक्तिः ITA-2.1.2.12 Valour śauryam शौर्यम् ITA-2.1.2.13 Thirst tṛṣṇā, pipāsā तृष्णा, पिपासा ITA-2.1.3.1 Kapha, doṣha responsible for cohesiveness One of the three regulatory functional factors responsible for stability, unctuousness, lubrication, immunity and cohesion. The predominant basic elements in kapha are earth and water. śleṣmā, kapha श्लेष्मा, कफ ITA-2.1.3.2 Supporting kapha Subtype of kapha seated in the chest region which supports and sustains the heart and other sites of kapha. avalambaka-kaphaḥ अवलम्बककफः ITA-2.1.3.3 Moistening kapha Subtype of kapha seated in the stomach which helps to moisten and loosen food particles and thus aid digestion. kledaka-kaphaḥ क्लेदककफः ITA-2.1.3.4 Taste-perceiving kapha Subtype of kapha seated in the tongue which assists with the perception of taste. bodhaka-kaphaḥ बोधककफः ITA-2.1.3.5 Nourishing kapha Subtype of kapha seated in the head which nourishes the sensory organs. tarpaka-kaphaḥ तर्पककफः ITA-2.1.3.6 Lubricating kapha Subtype of kapha seated in the joints which provides lubrication. śleṣaka-kaphaḥ श्लेषककफः ITA-2.1.3.7 Functions of kapha A combined term for the functions of kapha such as physical and mental strength, forgiveness . kapha-karma कफकर्म ITA-2.1.3.8 Patience A normal function of kapha. It signifies forbearance, forgiveness and resistance. kṣamā क्षमा ITA-2.1.3.9 Firmness A normal function of kapha. It signifies hardness, fixedness, stability and strength. dārḍhyam दार्ढ्यम् ITA-2.2.1 Fundamental structural The seven fundamental structural components of the body, component which are formed from digested food. They provide nourishment and support to the body. They are primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa), blood (rakta), muscle (mamsa), fat (medas), bone (asthi), bone marrow (majja) and semen (sukra). The Sanskrit term dhatu also denotes group of metallic ingredients for medicinal usage. dhātuḥ धातुः ITA-2.2.2 A bodily structure which can be vitiated by aggravated doṣa dūṣyam दूष्यम् ITA-2.2.3 Holding Signifies holding, carrying, preserving, protecting and possessing, which are common functions of all structural components. It underlines the importance of the fundamental structural component in holding the body and thereby life together and is also the specific function of bone, which supports other fundamental structural components by providing form and structure to the body. dhāraṇam धारणम् ITA-2.2.4 Primary circulating nutrient fluid, primary product of digestion The first of the seven fundamental structural components. Its major function is nourishment. It is the primary product of digestion and circulates constantly throughout the body from the heart and nourishes other tissues . rasa-dhātuḥ, rasaḥ रसधातुः, रसः ITA-2.2.5 Blood The second of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to give life. It is formed in the liver and spleen with the help of colouring pitta and its metabolic component and receives its name from the red colour . rakta-dhātuḥ, raktam, śoṇitam रक्तधातुः, रक्तम्, शोणितम् ITA-2.2.6 Giving life One of the functions of blood is to give, quicken and vivify life. jīvanam जीवनम् ITA-2.2.7 Nourishment of blood One of the functions of primary circulating nutrient fluid. raktapuṣṭiḥ रक्तपुष्टिः ITA-2.2.8 Muscle The third of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to cover the skeleton. māṃsa-dhātuḥ, māṃsam, peśī मांसधातुः, मांसम्, पेशी ITA-2.2.9 Fat The fourth of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to provide oleation. It refers to adipose tissue and other lipids in the body. medo-dhātuḥ मेदोधातुः ITA-2.2.10 Bone The fifth of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to provide bodily stability. It is composed predominantly of the basic elements earth and space. It refers to bone tissue. asthi-dhātuḥ अस्थिधातुः ITA-2.2.11 Diaphysis Shaft or central portion of a long bone. kāṇḍam काण्डम् ITA-2.2.12 Short bones Minor bones such as the carpal and tarsal bones. aṇvasthi अण्वस्थि ITA-2.2.13 Articulation, joint The junction or interface between two bones comprising bone and connective tissue. parva, asthisandhayaḥ, asthiparva पर्व, अस्थिसन्धयः, अस्थिपर्व ITA-2.2.14 Skeleton The bony framework of the body. asthipañjaraḥ अस्थिपञ्जरः ITA-2.2.15 Medullary canal The cavity within the bone containing marrow. asthivivaram अस्थिविवरम् ITA-2.2.16 Bone marrow The sixth of the seven fundamental structural components. It is the soft organic material that fills bone cavities. Its function is replenishment of body tissues. majjā-dhātuḥ, asthisāram मज्जाधातुः, अस्थिसारम् ITA-2.2.17 Replenishment The essential function of bone marrow is to fill or complete a cavity or container; replenish the body with structural components. pūraṇam पूरणम् ITA-2.2.18 Reproductive fluids; semen The seventh of the seven fundamental structural components. It is responsible for reproductive function, and is generally equated with reproductive cells (semen, ovum). It occurs in two forms: the first which pervades the entire body and the second which fertilizes the ovum. śukradhātuḥ शुक्रधातुः ITA-2.2.19 Semen Part of seminal tissue. Predominantly composed of water element. It generally refers to the ejaculate and carries the male seed. retas रेतस् ITA-2.2.20 Seed Factors responsible for conception. bījam बीजम् ITA-2.2.21 Male seed Male factors responsible for conception. puṃbījam पुंबीजम् ITA-2.2.22 Female seed Female factors responsible for conception. Generally referred to along with menstrual fluid. strībījam स्त्रीबीजम् ITA-2.2.23 Virility Generative power, potency to produce a healthy progeny. vṛṣatā वृषता ITA-2.2.24 Healthy sperm, ovum Normal, healthy and potential sperm or ovum. kārmuka-bījam कार्मुकबीजम् ITA-2.2.25 Ojas The essence of seven fundamental structural components: vital for life, providing strength and resistance to disease and supporting mental function. ojas ओजस् ITA-2.2.26 Equilibrium of fundamental structural components Equilibrium of fundamental structural components is indicated by the absence or alleviation of disorder. Criteria for equilibrium of fundamental structural components include alleviation of disorder, normalcy of voice and complexion, development of the body, increase in strength, desire for food, proper and timely digestion of the food taken, timely sleep, elimination of urine, faeces and semen and overall normalcy of mind, intellect and senses. dhātusāmyam धातुसाम्यम् ITA-2.2.27 Immunity, strength, physical endurance This is classified into three types: innate strength, acquired strength and seasonal strength balam, vyādhikṣamatvam बलम्, व्याधिक्षमत्वम् ITA-2.2.28 Innate strength Innate strength or immunity present since birth. sahaja-balam सहजबलम् ITA-2.2.29 Acquired strength Strength or immunity attained by the application of rational means such as rejuvenation therapy. yuktikṛta-balam युक्तिकृतबलम् ITA-2.2.30 Seasonal strength Strength attained by virtue of a favourable season or age, i.e. winter season, youth. kālaja-balam कालजबलम् ITA-2.3.1 Supportive structural component Supportive structural components; formed from the fundamental structural components; they do not undergo further transformation: breast milk, menstrual blood, tendons, tubular structures of the body, muscle fat, skin and sinews. upadhātuḥ उपधातुः ITA-2.3.2 Breast milk Supportive structural component of primary circulating nutrient fluid. It is composed predominantly of the basic element water and nourishes the baby. stanyam स्तन्यम् ITA-2.3.3 Menstrual blood Supportive structural component of primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa). ārtavam, puṣpam, antaḥpuṣpam, śoṇitam, ārtavaśoṇitam, raja, rajasrāvaḥ आर्तवम्, पुष्पम्, अन्तःपुष्पम्, शोणितम्, आर्तवशोणितम्, रज, रजस्रावः ITA-2.3.4 Tendon Supportive structural component of blood kaṇḍarā कण्डरा ITA-2.3.5 Intramuscular fat Supportive structural component of muscle. vasā वसा ITA-2.4.1 Excretory products Waste products formed during various stages of digestion and metabolism; one of the fundamental constituents of the human body along with dosha (regulatory functional factors) and fundamental structural components; there are two categories: waste products from digestion of food and waste products from transformation of structural components. The waste products from digestion of food comprise urine and faeces. The waste products from transformation of structural components are: phlegm (excretory form of kapha) from the primary product of digestion (the primary circulating nutrient fluid), bile (excretory form of pitta) from blood, mucus of nose and ear wax from muscle, perspiration from fat, nails and hair from bone, and rheum of the eye from bone marrow. malaḥ मलः ITA-2.4.2 Waste product The by-products of either digestion or metabolism which are to be eliminated from the body. kiṭṭam किट्टम् ITA-2.4.3 Faeces A by-product of digestion, the function of which is to support the body in general and vata and digestive, metabolic factors in particular. purīṣam, śakṛt, viṭ पुरीषम्, शकृत, विट ITA-2.4.4 Urine A by-product of digestion, whose function is to remove excess watery waste from the body. mūtram मूत्रम् ITA-2.4.5 Sweat The mala of fat, the function of which is to withhold moisture in the skin. svedaḥ स्वेदः ITA-2.4.6 Metabolic waste The waste products of metabolism. dhātumalaḥ धातुमलः ITA-2.4.7 Ear wax karṇamalaḥ कर्णमलः ITA-2.4.8 Rheum akṣimalaḥ अक्षिमलः ITA-2.4.9 Mucus of the nose nāsikāmalaḥ नासिकामलः ITA-2.4.10 Mucus of the oral cavity āsyamalaḥ आस्यमलः ITA-2.4.11 Sebum lomakūpamalaḥ लोमकू पमलः ITA-2.4.12 Smegma prajananamalaḥ प्रजननमलः ITA-2.4.13 Beard and moustache śmaśru श्मश्रु ITA-2.5.1 Channel, conduit Channels for the transportation of substances from one part to another. srotaḥ स्रोतः ITA-2.5.2 Apertures of the body The external and internal openings of the body. kāyacchidram कायच्छिद्रम् ITA-2.5.3 Air passages Passages for air inside the body. anilāyanam अनिलायनम् ITA-2.5.4 Internal channel Internal tracts, channels, tubes and ducts. antarmukhasrotaḥ अन्तर्मुखस्रोतः ITA-2.5.5 Anal or urethral passage Passages in the lower part of the body leading to the exterior. adhaḥsrotaḥ अधःस्रोतः ITA-2.5.6 Conduit for vital life Channels in the body which originate from the heart and carry and circulate vital life (prana) throughout the body. prāṇavahasrotaḥ प्राणवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.7 Respiratory tract The pathway for inhaled and exhaled air which extends from the external nares to the alveoli. ucchvāsamārgaḥ उच्छ्वासमार्गः ITA-2.5.8 Channel, pathway for fluid circulation Pathways which refer to water balance in the body. Udakavahasrotaḥ, ambuvahasrotaḥ, ambumārgaḥ उदकवहस्रोतः,अम्बुवहस्रोतः, अम्बुमार्गः ITA-2.5.9 Digestive tract The pathway for food in the process of digestion. annavahasrotaḥ अन्नवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.10 Channel carrying nutrient fluids The pathway mediating and distributing the primary circulating nutrient fluid to the body tissues. Entities related to this channel are the heart and vessels carrying primary circulating nutrient fluid. rasavahasrotaḥ रसवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.11 Channel carrying blood The pathway which carries blood. Entities related to this channel are the liver and spleen. Raktavahasrotaḥ रक्तवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.12 Blood vessels asṛgvahā असृग्वहा ITA-2.5.13 Conduit nourishing muscle Related entities are tendons and skin. māṃsavahasrotaḥ मांसवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.14 Channel carrying fat The pathway for fat. Entities related to this channel are the kidneys and omentum. medovahasrotaḥ मेदोवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.15 Channel carrying bone The pathway for bone. Entities related to this channel are fat and the hip region. asthivahasrotaḥ अस्थिवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.16 Channel carrying bone marrow The pathway for bone marrow. Entities related to this channel are bone and joints. majjāvahasrotaḥ मज्जावहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.17 Channel carrying structural components of reproduction The pathway for structural components of reproduction. Entities related to this channel are the testicles and penis. śukravahasrotaḥ शुक्रवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.18 Female reproductive system All channels which are physiologically important in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. ārtavavaha-srotaḥ आर्तववहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.19 Urinary tract The pathway for urine. Entities related to this channel are the bladder and groin. mūtravahasrotaḥ मूत्रवहस्रोतः ITA-2.5.20 Channel in which faeces is formed and excreted The pathway for faeces. Entities related to this channel are the large intestines and rectum. purīṣavahasrotaḥ पुरीषवहस्रोतः ITA-2.6.1 Digestive, metabolic factors The collective term for the various factors governing digestion and metabolism or food transformation which are basic element fire -predominant. agniḥ अग्निः ITA-2.6.2 Metabolic factors of the body Factors responsible for digestion and metabolism or food transformation. kāyāgniḥ कायाग्निः ITA-2.6.3 Metabolic factors located in the digestive tract Transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract. jāṭharāgniḥ जाठराग्निः ITA-2.6.4 Digestion at gastrointestinal tract level avasthāpākaḥ अवस्थापाक ITA-2.6.5 Transformation at the level of absorption, assimilation niṣṭhāpākaḥ निष्ठापाकः ITA-2.6.6 Metabolic factors located in structural components dhātvagniḥ [rasāgni, raktāgni, māṃsāgni, medo-agni, asthyagni, majjādhātvagniḥ, śukradhātvagniḥ] धात्वग्नि (रसाग्निः, रक्ताग्निः, मांसाग्निः, मेदो अग्निः, अस्थ्यग्निः, मज्जाधात्वग्निः, शुक्रधात्वग्निः) Transformative factors at structural component level which governs the transformation of one fundamental structural component into another: i.e. primary circulating nutrient metabolic factors, blood metabolic factors, muscle metabolic factors, fat metabolic factors, bone metabolic factors, bonemarrow metabolic factors, semen and reproductive tissue metabolic factors. ITA-2.6.7 Transforming factors acting at the level of the basic elements Transformative factors at the level of the five basic elements. It acts at two levels: 1. together with digestive fire during digestion; and 2. together with metabolic factors located in structural components during fundamental structural component level metabolism. There are five types: transforming factors of earth element, water element, fire element, air element and space element. bhūtāgniḥ भूताग्निः ITA-2.6.8 Normal state of digestive, metabolic factors A state in which the action of transformative factor is normal due to all three dosha being in functional balance. samāgniḥ समाग्निः ITA-2.6.9 Intense state of digestive, metabolic factors A state in which the action of transformative factor is considerably intensified due to the dominant influence of pitta. tīkṣṇāgniḥ तीक्ष्णाग्निः ITA-2.6.10 Irregular state of digestive, metabolic factors A state in which the action of transformative factor is rendered erratic (either excessive, diminished or fluctuating) due to the dominant influence of vata. viṣamāgniḥ विषमाग्निः ITA-2.6.11 Depressed or weak state of digestive, metabolic factors A state in which the action of transformative factor is weak or depressed due to the dominant influence of kapha. mandāgniḥ मन्दाग्निः ITA-2.6.12 Metabolic factors located in primary circulating nutrient fluid The transformative factor which converts digested food to primary circulating nutrient fluid. rasadhātvagniḥ रसधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.13 Metabolic factors located in blood The transformative factor which converts primary circulating nutrient fluid to blood . raktadhātvagniḥ रक्तधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.14 Metabolic factors located in muscle The transformative factor which converts blood to muscle tissue māṃsadhātvagniḥ मांसधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.15 Metabolic factors located in fat The transformative factor which converts muscle tissue to fat medodhātvagniḥ मेदोधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.16 Metabolic factors located in bone The transformative factor which converts fat to bone asthidhātvagniḥ अस्थिधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.17 Metabolic factors The transformative factor which converts bone to bone marrow located in bone marrow majjādhātvagniḥ मज्जाधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.18 Metabolic factors located in semen The transformative factor which converts bone marrow to reproductive fluids and semen . śukradhātvagniḥ शुक्रधात्वग्निः ITA-2.6.19 Theory of sequential transformation A theory to explain the process of nourishment of fundamental structural components: it states that the seven structural components are sequentially transformed from primary circulating nutrient fluid (primary product of digestion) to semen just as milk is transformed into curd and then butter and ghee. kṣīradadhinyāyaḥ क्षीरदधिन्यायः ITA-2.6.20 Theory of serial distribution A theory to explain the nourishment of fundamental structural components: it states that primary circulating nutrient fluid (primary product of digestion) is supplied to all seven structural components through channels for their nourishment, just as tributary canals subdivide and distribute irrigation water to every part of a paddy field. kedārīkulyānyāyaḥ केदारीकुल्यन्यायः ITA-2.6.21 Theory of selective uptake A theory to explain the process of nourishment of fundamental structural components: it states that each structural component selectively absorbs its specific nutrients just as a pigeon picks grains from a granary according to its need. khalekapotanyāyaḥ खलेकपोतन्यायः ITA-2.6.22 Chyle The nourishing part of food which forms the primary circulating nutrient fluid (primary product of digestion), under the action of transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract following digestion. āhārarasaḥ आहाररसः ITA-2.6.23 Sweet predominant stage of digestion During the first and initial stage of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract the ingested food is transformed to a predominantly sweet state. This results in the generation of kapha-dosha. madhuraavasthāpākaḥ मधुरावस्थापाकः ITA-2.6.24 Sour predominant stage of digestion During the second and intermediate stage of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract the ingested food is transformed to a predominantly sour state. This results in the generation of pitta-dosha. amla avasthāpākaḥ अम्लावस्थापाकः ITA-2.6.25 Pungent predominant stage of digestion During the third and final stage of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract the ingested food is transformed to a predominantly pungent state. This results in the generation of vata-dosha. kaṭuavasthāpākaḥ कटु -अवस्थापाकः ITA-2.6.26 Digestion, metabolism, bio- transformation The function of transformative factor. pākaḥ पाकः ITA-2.6.27 Digestive power The capacity to digest consumed food. jaraṇaśaktiḥ जरणशक्तिः ITA-2.6.28 Ingestive power, food intake capacity The capacity to ingest food, the amount of food which does not disturb an individual’s physiological functions. It differs from person to person and from time to time, being directly dependent on the individual’s digestive fire and psychological status. abhyavaharaṇa-śaktiḥ अभ्यवहरणशक्तिः ITA-2.6.29 Three divisions of stomach capacity A division of stomach capacity into three parts, i.e.one part for solid items, one part for liquids and one part to be left empty for vata, pitta and kapha. trividha-kukṣiḥ त्रिविधकुक्षिः ITA-2.6.30 Digestion The fundamental function of transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract. pācanam पाचनम् ITA-2.6.31 Nutrient part of food The nutrient component formed during the various processes of biotransformation. prasādaḥ प्रसादः ITA-2.6.32 Initial phase of digestion The initial phase of digestion which involves the action of transformative factors on food in the gastrointestinal tract , which has three sequential stages resulting in the production of kapha, pitta and vata respectively. avasthāpākaḥ अवस्थापाकः ITA-2.6.33 Final phase of digestion The final phase of action of transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract on food, which results in the separation of nutrient part and waste product, and the manifestation of post-digestive transformation). niṣṭhāpākaḥ निष्ठापाकः ITA-2.6.34 Internal-external division An arbitrary division of the body into interior and exterior parts for descriptive purposes. antarbahirvibhāgaḥ अन्तर्बहिर्विभागः ITA-2.6.35 Superior-inferior division An arbitrary division of the body into superior (cranial) and inferior (caudal) parts for descriptive purposes. uttarādhara-vibhāgaḥ उत्तराधरविभागः ITA-2.6.36 Anterior-posterior division An arbitrary division of the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) parts for descriptive purposes. pūrvapaścima-vibhāgaḥ पूर्वपश्चिमविभागः ITA-2.6.37 Bowel habit Depending on the predominant dosha, the bowel habit of an individual can be classified physiologically as normal bowel, soft bowel or costive bowel. The term koshta also denotes abdomen. koṣṭhaḥ कोष्ठः ITA-2.6.38 Normal bowel habit A physiological type of bowel habit due to the dominance of either kapha, or all three dosha being in functional balance. The individual with this type of bowel habit passes stools which are neither soft nor costive. madhyama-koṣṭhaḥ मध्यमकोष्ठः ITA-2.6.39 Soft bowel habit A physiological type of bowel habit due to the dominance of pitta. The individual with this type of bowel habit passes soft bowel motions without straining. mṛdukoṣṭhaḥ मृदक ु ोष्ठः ITA-2.6.40 Costive bowel habit A physiological type of bowel habit due to the dominance of vata.. The individual with this type of bowel habit either has hard bowel motions or needs to strain at stool. krūra-koṣṭhaḥ क्रूरकोष्ठः ITA-2.7.1 Urges The natural urges are considered to be of two types: suppressible and non-suppressible vegaḥ वेगः ITA-2.7.2 Suppressible urges Emotions or thoughts which need to be expressed carefully or even suppressed or discouraged owing to the undersirable consequences of their expression, e.g. the urge to engage in adventures, extreme activities of the psyche (greed, grief, fear, anger, egoism, shamelessness/impudence, jealousy, excessive affliction and desire to acquire someone else’s wealth); speech (harsh words, excessive talking, gossip intended to harm others or backbiting, lying and untimely discourse) and body (physical actions intended to trouble others, excessive indulgence in sex, stealing and forms of violence including persecution). dhāraṇīya-vegaḥ धारणीयवेगः ITA-2.7.3 Non-suppressible urges The natural urges of the body which should not be curbed or inhibited, i.e. passage of urine, stools, semen, vomiting, sneezing, burping, yawning, hunger, thirst, tears, sleep and breath. Their inhibition results in a multitude of disorders. adhāraṇīya-vegaḥ अधारणीयवेगः ITA-2.8.1 An individual’s inherent nature An individual’s inherent nature is the discrete phenotype of an individual based on physical, psychological, physiological and behavioural traits, independently of social, ethnic and geographical variables. prakṛtiḥ प्रकृतिः doṣaprakṛti दोषप्रकृति It represents a person’s baseline state of optimal functioning of both body and mind. The predominant expression of an individual’s inherent nature in bodily functions is known as body constitution with a predominance of dosha (doshaprakṛti) and its expression in the domains of mental and physical personality is called kaya/manasaprakriti. However, for all practical purposes the doshaprakriti and kaya of an individual need to be interpreted in consideration with the following entities: ethnicity (jaati), familial inheritance, genetics (kula), the influence of a specific geographical region and climate (desha), as well as the ageing process (kala). ITA-2.8.2 Body constitution with a predominance of dosha Body constitution with a predominance of dosha (doshaprakriti) is a result of the baseline state of the doshas of sperm (shukra) and ovum (shonita) at the time of conception. Doshaprakriti is unique to each individual. It is immutable and does not change during a lifespan. ITA-2.8.3 Body constitution with a predominance of vata The characters of a vata-predominant person are greatly influenced by its qualities: dryness, lightness, perpetually moving, expanding, proliferating, quick, cold, roughness and fragility. Accordingly, the person will have inherent characteristics such as thinness, light weight and build, with prominent tendons and veins; unstable/highly flexible joints; rough hair, nails, teeth, face, hands and legs; fragile (easily breaking/cracking/splitting) body structures (skin/bones/hair/ lips/heels); hypersensitivity to cold (shivering/stiffness), intolerance of cold; with an unclear, unpleasant, feeble, stammering, broken and hoarse voice; an unsteady gaze, always restless body parts (eyebrows, jaws, lips, tongue, head, shoulder and legs); a cracking sound from joints on movement; sleeps less, and is easily awakened or stays awake; talkative; quick to act (fast gait, eating, speech); has swift and often hasty initiation of actions; is easily agitated, intolerant, subordinated or frightened; is quick to comprehend but less memory; and rapidly becomes fond as well as disenchanted. vātaprakṛtiḥ वातप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.4 Body constitution with a predominance of pitta The characters of a pitta predominant person are greatly influenced by its qualities: hotness, sharpness, fluidity, pungency, sourness and its characteristic fleshy smell. Accordingly, the person will have inherent characteristics such as a soft and supple body, presence of moles, reddish tinge to facial skin; with pimples, freckles and marks; soft and brown hair on the face, head and other parts of the body; with lax muscles and flexible joints; intolerance of heat; strong digestive power; excessive hunger and thirst; a higher intake of food and drinks in quantity and frequency; sweat profusely; greater than normal formation and passing of stool and urine; a foul-smelling body odour especially at the axilla, scalp, mouth and head; with less semen and sexual desire; show the early appearance of wrinkles, premature greying and baldness; and with a tendency for frequent ulceration of the mouth. pittaprakṛtiḥ पित्तप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.5 Body constitution with a predominance of kapha The characters of a kapha predominant person are greatly influenced by its qualities: oiliness, smoothness, softness, density, firmness, heaviness, cold, slowness, stability, viscousness and clarity. Accordingly, the person will have inherent characteristics such as being well built and well formed, with a firm, compact, heavy, steady and pleasant body; with compact joints, and an oily, smooth and soft skin without moles, freckles or dryness; a stable gait; with less hunger and thirst; slow eating habits; an increased amount of semen and sexual desire; slow in action and speech; soft voiced; reduced sweating; with slow and often delayed initiation of action; a cheerful and pleasant appearance, with a calm and easy-going attitude. kaphaprakṛtiḥ कफप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.6 Body constitution with a predominance of vata and pitta A body constitution with predominantly mixed features of vata and pitta. vātapittaprakṛtiḥ वातपित्तप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.7 Body constitution with a predominance of pitta and kapha A body constitution with predominantly mixed features of pitta and kapha. pittakaphaprakṛtiḥ पित्तकफप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.8 Body constitution with a predominance of kapha and vāta A body constitution with predominantly mixed features of kapha and vata. kaphavātaprakṛtiḥ कफवातप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.9 Body constitution in terms of the three dosha ṭridoṣajaprakṛtiḥ त्रिदोषजप्रकृतिः ITA-2.8.10 Specific mental and physical personality type Mental and physical personality type characterized by specific qualities. kāyaḥ, mānasaprakṛti कायः, मानसप्रकृति ITA-2.8.11 Person with tranquil, harmonious temperament The mental and physical characteristics of the person with a tranquil, harmonious temperament are purity, bravery and tolerance. sattvakāyaḥ सत्त्वकायः ITA-2.8.12 Person with pure, truthful temperament The characteristics of the person with a pure, truthful temperament are purity, devoutness, knowledge seeking, respectful of elders, a good host and an ardent performer of rituals. brahmakāyaḥ ब्रह्मकायः ITA-2.8.13 Person with prosperous, The characteristics of the person with prosperous, leading leading temperament temperament are greatness, bravery, commanding habits, a follower of religious teachings and someone who looks after dependent people. māhendrakāyaḥ माहेन्द्रकायः The basic tendencies of the mind, intellect and behaviour are a result of the dominance of the three primordial psychophysical attributes of nature: tranquillity, harmony (satva), agitation, activity (rajas) and inertia (tamas). Although difficult, it is possible that the specific mental and physical personality type may be influenced and refined by education and the inculcation of spiritual values. ITA-2.8.14 Person with brave, patient temperament The characteristics of the person with a brave, patient temperament is a liking for the cold, tolerance, reddish-brown hair and pleasant discourse. vāruṇakāyaḥ वारुणकायः ITA-2.8.15 Person with wealthy, The characteristics of the person with a wealthy, luxurious luxurious temperament temperament are impartiality, tolerance, ability to make money and amass wealth, and high fertility. kauberakāyaḥ कौबेरकायः ITA-2.8.16 Person with artistic, The characteristics of the person with an artistic, celebrating celebrating temperament temperament are a liking for pleasant smells, a liking for garlands, a passion for dancing and music and a fondness of roaming. gandharvakāyaḥ गन्धर्वकायः ITA-2.8.17 Person with judicious, prompt temperament The characteristics of person with a judicious, prompt temperament are doing the right things with tireless energy, fearlessness, a good and retentive memory, freedom from attachments and infatuations, and a lack of vanity and jealousy. yāmyakāyaḥ याम्यकायः ITA-2.8.18 Person with scholarly, religious temperament The characteristics of the person with a scholarly, religious temperament are performing and mentally repeating a sacred name and fasting, observing vows, practising celibacy, performing oblations, studying extensively, possessing knowledge and erudition. ṛṣikāyaḥ ऋषिकायः ITA-2.8.19 Person with agitated, reactive temperament The mental and physical characteristics of the person with an agitated, reactive temperament are violence, cowardice, jealousy and greed. rājasikakāyaḥ राजसिककायः ITA-2.8.20 Person with brave, cruel temperament The characteristics of the person with a brave, cruel temperament are attaining prosperity, fearfulness or violence, courageousness, angriness, jealousy of others’ progress, eating alone and voraciously. āsurakāyaḥ आसुरकायः ITA-2.8.21 Person with The characteristics of the person with a simultaneously brave simultaneously brave and timid temperament are strength or sharpness of action, and timid temperament laboriousness, cowardice, angriness, deceptiveness, and quickness of action and behaviour. sarpakāyaḥ सर्पकायः ITA-2.8.22 Person with intolerant, The characteristics of the person with an intolerant, unsteady unsteady temperament temperament are overindulgence in sexual activity, incessant eating, intolerance or impatience, and unsteadiness of mind. śākunikāyaḥ शाकुनिकायः ITA-2.8.23 Person with intolerant, angry temperament The characteristics of the person with an intolerant, angry temperament are a preference for solitude, wrathfulness, jealousy of others’ progress and irreligiousness. rākṣasakāyaḥ राक्षसकायः ITA-2.8.24 Person with overeating, The characteristics of the person with an overeating, unclean, unclean, hypersexual hypersexual temperament are eating what is left by others; temperament angriness; liking for adventure, fondness for women, shamelessness. paiśācakāyaḥ पैशाचकायः ITA-2.8.25 Person with sorrowful, jealous temperament The characteristics of the person with a sorrowful, jealous temperament are a dislike of giving possessions to others, laziness, unhappiness, jealousy of others’ progress, greediness or lack of charity. pretakāyaḥ प्रेतकायः ITA-2.8.26 Person with inertial temperament The mental and physical characteristics of the person with an inertial temperament are laziness, fickleness and indecisiveness. tāmasakāyaḥ तामसकायः ITA-2.8.27 Person with cowardly, unintelligent temperament The characteristics of the person with a cowardly, unintelligent temperament are dullness, lack of grasping power, slowness and laziness, daily dreams of intercourse and indecisiveness. pāśavakāyaḥ पाशवकायः ITA-2.8.28 Person with timid, unintelligent temperament The characteristics of the person with a timid, unintelligent temperament are fickleness and instability, foolishness, cowardice, affinity for water, and a tendency to fight with people of a similar type. matsyakāyaḥ मात्स्यकायः ITA-2.8.29 Person with lazy, unintelligent temperament The characteristics of the person with a lazy, unintelligent temperament are a preference for being sedentary, an excess craving for food, a lack of feeling for tranquillity, soft deeds, no inclination for righteous or religious activities, a lack of passions and no desire for wealth. vānaspatyakāyaḥ वानस्पत्यकायः ITA-2.8.1.1 Predominance of a particular fundamental structural component in a person sāraḥ सारः ITA-2.8.1.2 Person with predominance or essence of primary circulating nutrient fluid Characterized by features such as unctuousness in ears, eyes, mouth, tongue, nose, lips, palms or soles, nails, forehead, penis with no signs of pallor and having a charming or pleasant personality. tvak-sāraḥ, rasa sāraḥ त्वक्सारः, रससारः ITA-2.8.1.3 Person with predominance or essence of blood Characterized by features such as redness, unctuousness of ears, eyes, mouth, face, tongue, nose, lips, palms, soles, nails, forehead, penis and a pleasant personality. rakta-sāraḥ रक्तसारः ITA-2.8.1.4 Person with predominance or essence of muscle Characterized by features such as having large, prominent, muscular and visually pleasing temples, forehead, nape of neck, eyes, cheeks, jaw, neck, shoulder, abdomen, axillae, chest, upper limb joints and lower limb joints; readiness to forgive and forbearance; patience and steadiness; lack of greediness; wealth; knowledge; happiness; simplicity; health; strength and longevity. māṃsa-sāraḥ मांससारः ITA-2.8.1.5 Person with predominance or essence of fat Characterized by features such as glossy complexion; smooth and pleasant voice; shining eyes; shining and glossy scalp and body hair, nails, teeth and lips; unctuous urine and faeces; being endowed with wealth; prosperity; happiness; enjoyment; simplicity; softness and being gentle in activities. medosāraḥ मेदोसारः ITA-2.8.1.6 Person with predominance or essence of bone Characterized by features such as having large heels, ankles, knees, forearms, clavicles, chin, head, joints, bones, nails, teeth; having great enthusiasm; dynamism; ability to tolerate suffering; having firmness of body and longevity. asthi-sāraḥ अस्थिसारः ITA-2.8.1.7 Person with predominance or essence of bone marrow Characterized by features such as, having soft body parts; good physical strength; unctuous complexion; pleasant and soft voice; large and round joints; longevity; strength and excellence in learning, attainment of wealth, knowledge and honour. majjasāraḥ मज्जासारः ITA-2.8.1.8 Person with predominance or essence of semen Characterized by features such as, gentleness; milky-looking eyes; enthusiasm; smooth and pleasant voice; large buttocks; strength; happiness; prosperity; health; wealth and many progeny. śukra-sāraḥ शुक्रसारः ITA-2.8.1.9 Person with predominance or essence of strong willpower Characterized by features such as good memory; devotion; gratefulness; wisdom; pure in body thought words and deeds; great enthusiasm; erudition and knowledge; courage; valour in fighting; absence of sorrow; proper gait; depth of wisdom; relevance of activities; sincerity and virtuousness of acts. sattva-sāraḥ सत्त्वसारः ITA-2.8.1.10 Characterized by features such as strength; happiness; ability to tolerate suffering; self-confidence in all undertakings; sincerity and virtuousness in acts; firm, well-built body; correct gait; melodious, soft and pleasant voice; attainment of happiness, prosperity, wealth and longevity; having many progeny and resistant to diseases. sarva-sāraḥ, oja-sāraḥ सर्वसारः, ओजस्सारः ITA-2.9.1 Age Inevitable life events vayaḥ/kālaḥ वयः/ कालः ITA-2.9.2 Senility The characteristics of this state are: diminution of structural components on a day-by-day basis; diminished perceptiveness of sense organs; diminished physical strength; diminished potency or semen; diminished energy; wrinkles; greying of hair; baldness; cough; breathlessness or difficulty breathing; inability to perform the full range of activities; diminished digestive, metabolic capacity; aggravated vata; loss of distinction of a particular structural component; loosened muscles, joints and bones; hardness or roughness of skin; body curvature; shivering or trembling; excessive nasal discharge or drooling. vārdhakyam वार्धक्यम् ITA-2.9.3 Death मरणम् ITA-2.9.1.1 Women during optimum period for conception The characteristics of this state are an enlarged, bulky face; pleasant face; pleasant state of mind; moist face or mouth; moist teeth; desire for male companionship; fondness for stories or chatting; relaxed or loose abdomen; relaxed eyes; relaxed mind; flickering of arms; quivering of breasts; quivering in pelvis; quivering in umbilical region; quivering in thighs; quivering in pelvic region; quivering in hips; excitement; curiosity; emaciated face. ṛtumatiḥ ऋतुमतिः ITA-2.9.1.2 Pregnant state, visible signs of pregnancy. The characteristics of this state are cessation of menstruation; excessive salivation; disinclination for food; vomiting; tastelessness; desire for sour tastes; seeking attention by speaking in a loud voice; heaviness of limbs; eye fatigue; milk droplets in breasts; darkening of lips; darkening of breast areola and nipple; severe pedal oedema; appearance of striate on abdomen; dilatation of yoni; approximation of eyelashes; aversion to pleasant smells; excessive salivation and tiredness. garbhavastha/ vyakta-garbhaḥ गर्भावस्था / व्यक्तगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.3 First phase of pregnancy The characteristic of this state is pain. upasthitagarbhaḥ उपस्थितगर्भा ITA-2.9.1.4 Early signs of conception The characteristics of this state are exhaustion or fatigue; fatigue in mind and body; thirst; weakness or fatigue of the thighs; conjoining of ovum and sperm; quivering of vagina; retention of sperm and ovum in the vagina; satiety; heaviness; pulsating sensation; heart palpitations; drowsiness or lassitude; horripilation. sadyogarbhaḥ सद्योगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.5 Foetal growth and development The characteristics of this state are enlargement of the abdomen; perspiration in the pregnant woman. garbhavṛddhiḥ गर्भवृद्धिः ITA-2.9.1.6 First month of pregnancy This month is characterized by a small round lump; unmanifested form; though present body parts are not conspicuous prathamamāsa-garbhaḥ प्रथममासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.7 Second month of pregnancy This month is characterized by the embryo taking on a compact form; round mass (male); elongated muscle shape (female). dvitīyamāsa-garbhaḥ द्वितीयमासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.8 Third month of pregnancy This month is characterized by the simultaneous manifestation of all the sense faculties; simultaneous manifestation of various bodily organs; manifestation of hands; manifestation of legs; manifestation of head; minute forms of body organs. tṛtīyamāsa-garbhaḥ तृतीयमासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.9 Fourth month of pregnancy This month is characterized by increasing foetal stabilization, and an increasing excessive heaviness in the body of the pregnant woman; appearance of all body organs and adjuncts; appearance of body parts. caturthamāsa-garbhaḥ चतुर्थमासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.10 Fifth month of pregnancy This month is characterized by excessive increase in foetal fleshiness; an excessive increase in blood; thinning of the pregnant woman; appearance of mind and intellect; consciousness. pañcamamāsa-garbhaḥ पञ्चममासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.11 Sixth month of pregnancy This month is characterized by an excessive increase in foetal strength; an increase in foetal complexion; appearance of intellect; appearance of tendons; appearance of veins; appearance of body hair; appearance of nails; appearance of skin; the pregnant woman loses her strength and complexion. ṣaṣṭamamāsa-garbhaḥ षष्ठमासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.12 Seventh month of pregnancy This month is characterized by nourishment of all foetal elements; fatigue of the pregnant woman; complete foetal development; clear manifestation of all body parts and organs; full formation of body parts. saptamamāsa-garbhaḥ सप्तममासगर्भः ITA-2.9.1.13 Eighth month of pregnancy This month is characterized by frequent joyfulness of the pregnant woman; frequent exhaustion of the pregnant woman; intermittent foetal movements in the womb; intermittent absence of foetal movements in the womb. aṣṭamamāsa-garbha: अष्टममासगर्भ: ITA-2.9.1.14 Onset signs of approaching labour This month is characterized in the pregnant woman by bodily exhaustion; a tired expression; relaxed eyes; a feeling as if the heart is separating; descent of the abdomen; heaviness in the lower abdomen; a pricking-type pain in the groin; a pricking-type pain in the bladder region; a pricking type-pain in the lower back; a pricking-type pain in the abdomen; a pricking-type pain in the sides of the chest and flanks; a pricking-type pain in the back; vaginal secretions; disinclination for food; appearance of labour pains; secretion of amniotic fluid; laxity of the abdomen; pain in the hips and pelvic region; loss of taste; excessive salivation; frequent excessive urination; pain in the thighs; abdominal pain; lower back pain; pain in the back; precordial and cardiac pain; pain in the bladder region; pain in the groin region; a breaking-type pain in the vagina; splitting type of pain in the labia; a pricking-type pain in the vagina; quivering of the vagina; vaginal secretions; a feeling as if eyes are separating; spitting; frequent excessive defecation. prajāyanī / prajananakālaḥ प्रजायनी / प्रजननकालः ITA-2.9.1.15 Woman about to give birth The characteristics of this state are pain in the entire back region; frequent defecation; urination; a frothy vaginal discharge. upasthitaprasavaḥ उपस्थितप्रसवा ITA-2.9.1.16 Woman nearing the delivery period The characteristics of this state are excessive salivation and pain. āsannaprasavaḥ आसन्नप्रसवा sūtikā सूतिका ITA-3.1.1 Knowledge pertaining to the body The study of the body in all its aspects from origin to death. śārīraḥ शारीरः ITA-3.1.2 Body śarīraḥ, dehaḥ, kāyaḥ, tanuḥ, gātram, vapuḥ शरीरः, देहः, कायः, तनुः, गात्रम्, वपुः ITA-3.1.3 Factors responsible for body growth Body growth is determined by four factors: appropriate time, innate nature, proper nutrition and absence of obstructing or impairing factors. śarīra-vṛddhikara-bhāvaḥ शरीरवृद्धिकरभावः ITA-3.1.4 Healthy body and mind The state in which all fundamental structural components of the body or dhatu are functioning normally. śarīra-sampat शरीरसम्पत् ITA-3.1.5 Body measurements Measurements of the whole or part of the body usually described in proportions based on the width of an individual’s fingers. pramāṇam प्रमाणम् ITA-3.1.6 Body part aṅgaḥ अङ्गः ITA-3.1.7 Whole body sarvāṅgaḥ सर्वाङ्गः ITA-3.1.8 The six anatomical areas of the body The six sections of the body comprise the four limbs, the trunk, and the head and neck region. ṣaḍaṅgam षडङ्गम् ITA-3.1.9 A body part or organ avayavaḥ, śarīrāvayavaḥ अवयवः, शरीरावयवः ITA-3.1.10 A subsidiary body part upāṅgaḥ उपाङ्गः ITA-3.1.11 Orifice chidram, dvāram, vivaram, suṣiram, kuharam छिद्रम्, द्वारम्, विवरम्, सुशिरम्, कुहरम् ITA-3.1.12 Cavity kūṭaḥ कूटः ITA-3.1.13 Covering chadanam छदनम् ITA-3.1.14 Muscular or bony prominence piṇḍikā पिण्डिका ITA-3.1.15 Connecting structures nibandhinī निबन्धिनी ITA-3.1.16 Body region deśaḥ, aṅga-pradeśaḥ. देशः, अङ्ग-प्रदेशः ITA-3.1.17 Five prominences in the developing fetus gātrapañcakam गात्रपञ्चकम् ITA-3.1.18 Body half śarīrārdham शरीरार्धम् ITA-3.1.19 Lower half of the body The lower half of the body, below the waist. adhaḥkāyaḥ अधःकायः ITA-3.1.20 Upper half of the body The upper half of the body, above the waist. ūrdhvakāyaḥ ऊर्ध्वकायः ITA-3.1.21 Body half in the sagittal plane, limb pakṣaḥ पक्षः ITA-3.1.22 Head and neck That part of the body above the clavicle. ūrdhvajatru ऊर्ध्वजत्रु ITA-3.1.23 Upper and lower limbs Five prominences in the developing fetus which correspond to the four limbs and head. śākhā शाखा ITA-3.2.1 Head ūrdhvāṅgam ऊर्ध्वाङ्गम् ITA-3.2.2 Head The uppermost and chief part of the body; head, the site where life force and the sense organs are situated. śiraḥ, mūrdhā, uttamāṅgam, mastakam, kapālaḥ, śaṅkhaḥ, Forehead, lalāṭam, alikam शिरः, मूर्धा, उत्तमाङ्गम्, मस्तकम् , कपालः , शङ्खः , ललाटम्, अलिकम् ITA-3.2.3 Skull kapālaḥ कपालः ITA-3.2.4 Temple One of the ten sites in the body where vital life force is predominantly located. śaṅkhaḥ शङ्खः ITA-3.2.5 Forehead lalāṭam, alikam ललाटम्, अलिकम् ITA-3.2.6 Temple śaṅkhapradeśaḥ शङ्खप्रदेशः ITA-3.2.1.1 Eye cakṣuḥ, akṣi, netram चक्षुः ,अक्षि, नेत्रम् ITA-3.2.1.2 Eyeball dṛṣṭi-golakaḥ, nayanabudbudaḥ, akṣi-golakam, akṣigolakatvak दृष्टिगोलकः, नयन​-बुद्बुदः, अक्षि गोलकम् , अक्षि गोलकत्वक् ITA-3.2.1.3 Orbit akṣikūṭaḥ, koṭaraḥ अक्षिकूटः , कोटरः ITA-3.2.1.4 Eyelid Vartma, netrakośaḥ, akṣikoṣaḥ,netra-chādanam,akṣipuṭam,netrapuṭam,akṣivartma, akṣivartmakoṣaḥ वर्त्म, नेत्रकोशः, अक्षिकोशः, नेत्र-छादनम् , अक्षिपुटम्, नेत्रपुटम्, अक्षिवर्त्म, अक्षिवर्त्मकोशः ITA-3.2.1.5 Anatomical junctions of the eye A common term used to denote the junctions of the eye. netrasandhiḥ नेत्रसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.6 Canthus A term which denotes the junction between the eyelashes and lids, the sclerocorneal junction, pupillary margins and medial and lateral canthi. antaḥ अन्तः ITA-3.2.1.7 Outer canthus apāṅgaḥ, apāṅgasandhiḥ अपाङ्गः, अपाङ्गसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.8 Part of the outer canthus apāṅgadeśaḥ अपाङ्गदेशः ITA-3.2.1.9 Inner canthus Kanīnikā, kanīnasandhiḥ, akṣikanīnikā कनीनिका, कनीनसन्धिः, अक्षिकनीनिका ITA-3.2.1.10 Junction of cilia with lid margin pakṣmavartma-sandhiḥ पक्ष्मवर्त्मसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.11 Junction of palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva vartma-śukla-sandhiḥ वर्त्मशुक्लसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.12 Sclerocorneal junction śukla-kṛṣṇa-sandhiḥ शुक्लकृष्णसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.13 Pupillary margin kṛṣṇa-dṛṣṭi-sandhiḥ कृष्णदृष्टिसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.14 Palpebral junction vartmasandhiḥ वर्त्मसन्धिः ITA-3.2.1.15 Aqueous humour tejojalam तेजोजलम् ITA-3.2.1.16 Nasolacrimal duct netranāḍī नेत्रनाडी ITA-3.2.1.17 Lacrimal fluid (tears) aśru अश्रुः ITA-3.2.1.18 Lacrimal apparatus aśrumārgaḥ अश्रुमार्गः ITA-3.2.1.19 Lacrimal canaliculi aśruvāhinī अश्रुवाहिनी ITA-3.2.1.20 Lacrimal duct Jalavāhinīsirā जलवाहिनीसिरा ITA-3.2.1.21 Nerves involved in eyelid opening Unmeṣiṇīsirā उन्मेषिणीसिरा ITA-3.2.1.22 Eyebrows bhrūḥ भ्रूः ITA-3.2.1.23 Eyelashes pakṣma, pratibālāḥ, akṣipakṣma पक्ष्म, प्रतिबालः, अक्षिपक्ष्म ITA-3.2.1.24 Free ends of eyelashes pakṣmāgram पक्ष्माग्रम् ITA-3.2.1.25 Roots of eyelashes pakṣmāśayaḥ पक्ष्माशयः ITA-3.2.1.26 Generic areas of eye and adnexa maṇḍalam मण्डलम् ITA-3.2.1.27 Eyelashes pakṣmamaṇḍalam पक्ष्ममण्डलम् ITA-3.2.1.28 Eyelid vartmamaṇḍalam वर्त्ममण्डलम् ITA-3.2.1.29 Sclera śuklamaṇḍalam, śvetamaṇḍalam शुक्लमण्डलम्, श्वेतमण्डलम् ITA-3.2.1.30 Comea and Iris The part of the eyeball which is black or coloured (in contrast to the white sclera). kṛṣṇa-maṇḍalam कृष्णमण्डलम् ITA-3.2.1.31 Pupil dṛṣṭi-maṇḍalam, dṛṣṭiḥ दृष्टिमण्डलम्, दृष्टिः ITA-3.2.1.32 Iris kṛṣṇa-tārakā, tārakā कृष्णतारका, तारका ITA-3.2.1.33 Layers of the eye paṭalam, netratvak पटलम्, नेत्रत्वक् ITA-3.2.1.34 Layers of the eyelids vartmapaṭalam वर्त्मपटलम् ITA-3.2.1.35 Cornea tejojalāśritabāhya-paṭalam तेजोजलाश्रितबाह्यपटलम् ITA-3.2.1.36 Iris and uveal tract piśitāśritaṃpaṭalam पिशिताश्रितंपटलम् ITA-3.2.1.37 Cortical part of lens and vitreous humour medasāśritaṃpaṭalam मेदसाश्रितंपटलम् ITA-3.2.1.38 Nuclear part of lens The fourth layer of the eye. asthyāśritaṃpaṭalam अस्थ्याश्रितंपटलम् ITA-3.2.2.1 Nose nāsikā, ghrāṇaḥ, nāsā नासिका, घ्राणः, नासा ITA-3.2.2.2 Tip of the nose nāsāgram, agranāsikā नासाग्रम्, अग्रनासिका ITA-3.2.2.3 Cavity of the nose nāsāpuṭam नासापुटम् ITA-3.2.2.4 Bridge of the nose nāsāvaṃśaḥ, nāsāsthidaṇḍaḥ नासावंशः, नासास्थिदण्डः ITA-3.2.2.5 Upper part of nasal cavity ghrāṇamūlam घ्राणमूलम् ITA-3.2.2.6 External aperture of the nose nāsānāḍī नासानाडी ITA-3.2.2.7 Nasal passage ghrāṇamārgaḥ घ्राणमार्गः ITA-3.2.2.8 Nostril nāsāsrotaḥ नासास्रोतः ITA-3.2.2.9 Ala of nose nāsāpuṭa-bahirbhāgaḥ नासापुटबहिर्भागः ITA-3.2.2.10 Inner canthus nāsākṣi-sandhiḥ नासाक्षिसन्धिः ITA-3.2.2.11 Nostril nāsārandhram, nāsāvivaram नासारन्ध्रम्, नासाविवरम् ITA-3.2.2.12 Nostril, anterior nares nāsikāpuṭam नासिकापुटम् ITA-3.2.3.1 Ear karṇaḥ, śrotram, śravaṇam कर्णः, श्रोत्रम्, श्रवणम् ITA-3.2.3.2 Ear cavity śravaṇasrotas श्रवणस्रोतस् ITA-3.2.3.3 Conduits carrying sound śabdānuvahā, śabdābhivahā, śabdapathaḥ, śabdavahasrotas शब्दानुवहा, शब्दाभिवहा, शब्दपथः, शब्दवहस्रोतस् ITA-3.2.3.4 Parotid region karṇamūlam कर्णमूलम् ITA-3.2.3.5 External auditory canal karṇanāḍī कर्णनाडी ITA-3.2.3.6 Base of the ear, pinna karṇapīṭham कर्णपीठम् ITA-3.2.3.7 Lobe of the ear karṇapālī, karṇalatikā कर्णपाली, कर्णलतिका ITA-3.2.3.8 External ear, tragus karṇaputrakaḥ कर्णपुत्रकः ITA-3.2.3.9 Mastoid region karṇapṛṣṭham कर्णपृष्ठम् ITA-3.2.3.10 External ear karṇaśaṣkulikā कर्णशष्कुलिका ITA-3.2.3.11 Concha of the ear karṇāvaṭuḥ कर्णावटुः ITA-3.2.3.12 External auditory meatus karṇa-srotaḥ कर्णस्रोतः ITA-3.2.3.13 Cochlea śaṣkulī शष्कुली ITA-3.2.4.1 Mouth, face mukham, vaktram, vadanam, āsyam मुखम्, वक्त्रम्, वदनम्, आस्यम् ITA-3.2.4.2 Oral cavity vadanāntaram, mukhakuharam वदनान्तरम्, मुखकुहरम् ITA-3.2.4.3 Face, mouth ānanam आननम् ITA-3.2.4.4 Cheek kapolaḥ, gaṇḍaḥ, gallaḥ कपोलः, गण्डः, गल्लः ITA-3.2.4.5 Chin cibukam चिबुकम् ITA-3.2.4.6 Lip oṣṭhaḥ, daśanacchadau ओष्ठः, दशनच्छदौ ITA-3.2.4.7 Lower lip adharaḥ, adharauṣṭhaḥ अधरः, अधरौष्ठः ITA-3.2.4.8 Upper lip uttarauṣṭhaḥ उत्तरौष्ठः ITA-3.2.4.9 Corners of mouth sṛkkaṇī, oṣṭhaprāntaḥ सृक्कणी, ओष्ठप्रान्तः ITA-3.2.4.10 Jaw, mandible hanuḥ हनुः ITA-3.2.4.11 Teeth dantaḥ, daśanaḥ दन्तः, दशनः ITA-3.2.4.12 Bony sockets of teeth dantolūkhalāni दन्तोलूखलानि ITA-3.2.4.13 Enamel danta-tvak, dantavalkam दन्तत्वक् , दन्तवल्कम् ITA-3.2.4.14 Gum, alveolar arch dantabandhanam, dvijabandhanam, dantamāṃsam, dantamūlam, dantapiṇḍikā, dantādhāraḥ, dantaveṣṭakaḥ दन्तबन्धनम्, द्विजबन्धनम्, दन्तमांसम्, दन्तमूलम्, दन्तपिण्डिका, दन्ताधारः, दन्तवेष्टकः ITA-3.2.4.15 Apex of tooth dantāgram दन्ताग्रम् ITA-3.2.4.16 Wisdom tooth paścimahānavyadantaḥ पश्चिमहानव्यदन्तः ITA-3.2.4.17 Teeth in the upper jaw uttaradantaḥ, ūrdhvadantapaṅktiḥ उत्तरदन्तः, ऊर्ध्वदन्तपङ्क्तिः ITA-3.2.4.18 Tongue jihvā, rasanā, gojihvikā, gojihvā जिह्वा, रसना, गोजिह्विका, गोजिह्वा ITA-3.2.4.19 Tip of the tongue jihvāgram जिह्वाग्रम् ITA-3.2.4.20 Surface of the tongue jihvātalam जिह्वातलम् ITA-3.2.4.21 Root of the tongue jihvā-mūlam, jihvāprabandhaḥ, jihvābandhanam, rasanabandhanam जिह्वामूलम्, जिह्वाप्रबन्धः, जिह्वाबन्धनम्, रसनबन्धनम् ITA-3.2.4.22 Frenulum of the tongue jihvā-sevanī जिह्वासेवनी tālu तालु ITA-3.2.4.24 Region of palate tāludeśaḥ, tālupradeśaḥ तालुदेशः, तालुप्रदेशः ITA-3.2.4.25 Soft palate A term which denotes the anterior fontanelle. tālumāṃsam तालुमांसम् ITA-3.2.4.26 Palatine tonsil upajihvikā उपजिह्विका ITA-3.2.4.27 Epiglottis, adenoids adhijihvikā अधिजिह्विका ITA-3.2.4.28 Nape of the neck avaṭuḥ, ghāṭā अवटुः, घाता ITA-3.2.4.29 Clavicle jatru जत्रु ITA-3.2.4.30 Anterior portion of the neck A term which also denotes the larynx. kaṇṭhaḥ कण्ठः ITA-3.2.4.31 Uvula kākalam, kākalakam, galamaṇiḥ, galaśuṇḍikā, ghaṇṭikā, tālumūlam काकलम्, काकलकम्, गलमणिः, गलशुण्डिका, घण्टिका, तालुमूलम् ITA-3.2.4.32 Throat passage galamārgaḥ गलमार्गः ITA-3.2.4.33 Isthmus of the throat galasandhiḥ गलसन्धिः ITA-3.2.4.34 Oropharynx, throat galaḥ गलः ITA-3.2.4.35 External part of the neck galabāhyam गलबाह्यम् ITA-3.2.4.36 Oropharyngeal isthmus antargalaḥ अन्तर्गलः ITA-3.2.4.37 Trachea kaṇṭhanāḍī, hṛdayanāḍikā, galanalakam, śvasanā, śvāsavahānāḍī कण्ठनाडी, हृदयनाडिका, गलनलकम्, श्वसना, श्वासवहानाडी ITA-3.2.4.38 Respiratory passages vāyumārgaḥ, anilāyanam वायुमार्गः, अनिलायनम् ITA-3.3.1 Neck grīvā ग्रीवा ITA-3.3.2 Suprasternal notch grīvāmūlam ग्रीवामूलम् ITA-3.3.3 Base of the neck jatrumūlam जत्रुमूलम् ITA-3.3.4 Carotid area of the neck manyā मन्या ITA-3.3.5 Trunk antarādhiḥ अन्तराधिः ITA-3.3.6 Shoulder aṃsaḥ, skandhaḥ अंसः, स्कन्धः ITA-3.3.7 Glenoid cavity aṃsapīṭham अंसपीठम् ITA-3.3.8 Acromion aṃsakūṭaḥ अंसकू टः ITA-3.3.9 Deltoid prominence of the shoulder aṃsapiṇḍikā अंसपिण्डिका ITA-3.3.10 Deltoid prominence of the shoulder aṃsapiṇḍaḥ, aṃsapiṇḍikā अंसपिण्डः, अंसपिण्डिका ITA-3.3.11 Supporting structures of the shoulder joint aṃsabandhanam अंसबन्धनम् ITA-3.3.12 Area around the apex of scapula aṃsamūlam, bāhuśiraḥ, bāhuśīrṣaḥ अंसमूलम्, बाहुशिरः, बाहुशीर्षः ITA-3.3.13 Shoulder region aṃsadeśaḥ अंसदेशः ITA-3.3.14 Shoulder girdle The area formed by the neck and both shoulders; the point at which the appendicular skeletal elements of the upper body meet the axial skeleton. ūrdhvatrikam ऊर्ध्वत्रिकम् ITA-3.3.15 Infraclavicular fossa ukhā उखा ITA-3.3.16 The hard areas on both sides of the neck śleṣmabhuvaḥ श्लेष्मभुवः ITA-3.3.17 Axilla, armpit kakṣaḥ, kakṣā कक्षः, कक्षा ITA-3.3.18 Axillary region kakṣābhāgaḥ कक्षाभागः ITA-3.4.1 Chest uraḥ, vakṣaḥ उरः, वक्षः ITA-3.4.2 Chest region vakṣasthalam वक्षस्थलम् ITA-3.4.3 Thoracic cavity uraḥkoṣṭhaḥ उरःकोष्ठः ITA-3.4.4 Thorax and neck urogrīvam उरोग्रीवम् ITA-3.4.5 Breast stanaḥ, stanapiṇḍaḥ, payodharau, kucau स्तनः, स्तनपिण्डः, पयोधरौ, कुचौ. ITA-3.4.6 Nipple cūcukam चूचुकम् ITA-3.4.7 Thoracoabdominal junction udaroraḥsandhānam उदरोरःसन्धानम् ITA-3.5.1 Abdomen udaram, kukṣiḥ, jaṭharam उदरम्, कुक्षिः, जठरम् ITA-3.5.2 Abdominal cavity antaḥkukṣiḥ अन्तःकुक्षिः ITA-3.5.3 Omentum The truncal cavity between the chest and pelvis. It may also refer to the uterine cavity. taila-vartikā तैलवर्तिका ITA-3.5.4 Flank pārśvam पार्श्वम् ITA-3.5.5 Sides of abdomen udarapārśvam उदरपार्श्वम् ITA-3.6.1 Vagina yoniḥ, apatyapathaḥ,apatyamārgaḥ,viśikhāntaram, raktapathaḥ योनिः, अपत्यपथः, अपत्यमार्गः, विशिखान्तरम्, रक्तपथः ITA-3.6.2 Normal female external genitalia praśastayoniḥ प्रशस्तयोनिः ITA-3.6.3 Pudendum smaramandiram स्मरमन्दिरम् ITA-3.6.4 Clitoris smarātapatram, madanātapatram स्मरातपत्रम्, मदनातपत्रम् ITA-3.6.5 Groin vaṅkṣaṇaḥ, gaṇḍakaḥ वङ्क्षणः, गण्डकः ITA-3.6.6 Hip kaṭī कटि ITA-3.6.7 Hip region kaṭīpradeśaḥ कटिप्रदेशः ITA-3.6.8 Penis meḍhraḥ, śephaḥ,dhvajaḥ,upasthaḥ,puruṣendriyam,liṅgam,pauruṣam,prajananam, nālam, lakṣaṇam मेढ्रः. शेफः, ध्वजः, उपस्थः, पुरुषेन्द्रियम्, लिङ्गम्, पौरुषम्, प्रजननम्, नालम्, लक्षणम् ITA-3.6.9 Genitals guhyam गुह्यम् ITA-3.6.10 Glans penis maṇiḥ मणिः ITA-3.6.11 External urethral orifice, urinary meatus meḍhradvāram मेढ्रद्वारम् ITA-3.6.12 Tip of the penis, glans penis meḍhrāgram मेढ्राग्रम् ITA-3.6.13 Foreskin meḍhracarma मेढ्रचर्म ITA-3.6.14 Frenulum of the penis śephasevanī शेफसेवनी ITA-3.6.15 Scrotum including testicles vṛṣaṇaḥ, muṣkaḥ, phalam, aṇḍaḥ, aṇḍakoṣaḥ, phalakośaḥ, koṣaḥ, kośaḥ वृषणः, मुष्कः, फलम्, अण्डः, अण्डकोषः, फलकोशः, कोषः, कोशः ITA-3.7.1 Anus gudam, pāyuḥ,bradhnaḥ,mahatsrotaḥ, śakṛnmārgaḥ गुदम्, पायुः, ब्रध्नः, महत्स्रोतः, शकृन्मार्गः ITA-3.7.2 Anal margin gudamaṇḍalam गुदमण्डलम् ITA-3.7.3 Anal orifice gudamukham गुदमुखम् ITA-3.7.4 Folds of rectum gudavaliḥ, valiḥ, pāyuvaliḥ गुदवलिः, वलिः, पायुवलिः ITA-3.7.5 Superior rectal fold One of the transverse folds of the rectum or plicae recti. pravāhiṇī प्रवाहिणी ITA-3.7.6 Intermediate rectal fold One of the transverse folds of the rectum or plicae recti. saṃvaraṇī संवरणी ITA-3.7.7 Inferior rectal fold One of the transverse folds of the rectum or plicae recti. visarjini̅ विसर्जिनी ITA-3.7.8 Caecum uṇḍukaḥ, poṭṭalakaḥ उण्डुकः, पोट्टलकः ITA-3.7.9 Ischiorectal fossa gudapārśvakṣetram गुदपार्श्वक्षेत्रम् ITA-3.7.10 Pelvic cavity gudāsthivivaram गुदास्थिविवरम् ITA-3.7.11 Anal canal gudāntram गुदान्त्रम् ITA-3.7.12 Anal verge gudauṣṭham गुदौष्ठम् ITA-3.7.13 Perineum pāyumeḍhrāntaram, gudopasthadeśaḥ पायुमेढ्रान्तरम्, गुदोपस्थदेशः ITA-3.7.14 Perineal region guhyapradeśaḥ गुह्यप्रदेशः ITA-3.7.15 Pubic region bhagaḥ भगः ITA-3.7.16 Back, dorsum pṛṣṭham पृष्ठम् ITA-3.7.17 Vertebral column pṛṣṭhavaṃśaḥ, pṛṣṭheṣikā पृष्ठवंशः, पृष्ठेषिका ITA-3.7.18 Cervical part of vertebral column grīvāvaṃśaḥ ग्रीवावंशः ITA-3.7.19 Vertebra kaśerukā, kaśeruḥ कशेरुका, कशेरुः ITA-3.7.20 Waist jaghanam जघनम् ITA-3.7.21 Buttock sphik, nitambaḥ,prothau, kaṭī-prothaḥ स्फिक् , नितम्बः, प्रोथौ, कटी-प्रोथः ITA-3.7.22 Pelvis śroṇiḥ श्रोणिः ITA-3.7.23 Pelvic region śroṇīpradeśaḥ श्रोणीप्रदेशः ITA-3.7.24 Sides of pelvic region pārśvajaghanam पार्श्वजघनम् ITA-3.7.25 Sacrum, sacral region, pelvic girdle The area between the two ilial wings and the fifth lumbar vertebra and coccyx. Also refers more generally to a triad or region where three structures meet, including the shoulder girdle. trikam त्रिकम् ITA-3.7.26 Sacral region, sacrum adharatrikam अधरत्रिकम् ITA-3.8.1 Upper limb bāhuḥ, bhujā बाहुः, भुजा ITA-3.8.2 Proximal part of the upper limb bhujaśikharam भुजशिखरम् ITA-3.8.3 Posterior part of the upper limb bāhupṛṣṭham बाहुपृष्ठम् ITA-3.8.4 Middle part of the upperlimb bāhumadhyam, bhujamadhyam बाहुमध्यम्, भुजमध्यम् ITA-3.8.5 Bicipital prominence bāhu-piṇḍikā बाहुपिण्डिका ITA-3.8.6 Shoulder region bāhumūlam बाहुमूलम् ITA-3.8.7 Arm prabāhuḥ प्रबाहुः ITA-3.8.8 Forearm prapāṇiḥ, aratniḥ प्रपाणिः, अरत्निः ITA-3.8.9 Elbow kūrparaḥ, kaphoṇiḥ, kuhaṇikā कू र्परः, कफोणिः, कुहणिका ITA-3.8.10 Hand, manus pāṇiḥ, karaḥ, hastaḥ पाणिः,करः, हस्तः ITA-3.8.11 Distal part of the hand hastāgram हस्ताग्रम् ITA-3.8.12 Palm hastatalam, pāṇitalam हस्ततलम्, पाणितलम् ITA-3.8.13 Wrist maṇibandhaḥ, karamūlam, pāṇimūlam मणिबन्धः, करमूलम्, पाणिमूलम् ITA-3.8.14 Palm, sole talam तलम् ITA-3.8.15 Palm pāṇitalam, pāṇihṛdayam पाणितलम्, पाणिहृदयम् ITA-3.8.16 Forearm, distal third of the forearm prakoṣṭhaḥ प्रकोष्ठः ITA-3.8.17 Area four fingerbreadths proximal to the wrist kalāvikā कलाविका ITA-3.8.18 Digits aṅguliḥ अङ्गुलिः ITA-3.8.19 Interphalangeal joint aṅguliparva अङ्गुलिपर्व ITA-3.8.20 Distal part of the finger agraparva अग्रपर्व ITA-3.8.21 Knuckle aṅguligranthiḥ अङ्गुलिग्रन्थिः ITA-3.8.22 Tip of the finger aṅgulyagram अङ्गुल्यग्रम् ITA-3.8.23 Thumb Also denotes great toe. aṅguṣṭhaḥ अङ्गुष्टः ITA-3.8.24 Base of the thumb or great toe aṅguṣṭhamūlam अङ्गुष्टमूलम् ITA-3.8.25 Thumb pad aṅguṣṭhodaram अङ्गुष्टोदरम् ITA-3.8.26 Index finger pradēśinī प्रदेशिनि ITA-3.8.27 Second toe tarjani तर्जनि ITA-3.8.28 Middle finger Also denotes third toe. madhyamā मध्यमा ITA-3.8.29 Ring finger Also denotes fourth toe. anāmikā अनामिका ITA-3.8.30 Little finger Also denotes fifth toe. kaniṣṭhikā कनिष्टिका ITA-3.9.1 Lower limb sakthi सक्थि ITA-3.9.2 Thigh ūru ऊरु ITA-3.9.3 Inguinal region ūrumūlam ऊरुमूलम् ITA-3.9.4 Quadricipital prominence ūrupiṇḍikā ऊरुपिण्डिका ITA-3.9.5 Inguinal region That part of thigh just below the inguinal region. ūrumūlam ऊरुमूलम् ITA-3.9.6 Knee region jānu जानु ITA-3.9.7 Lower leg That part of thigh just below the inguinal region. jaṅghā जङ्घा ITA-3.9.8 Prominence of calf muscles jaṅghā-piṇḍikā जङ्घापिण्डिका The part of lower limb between the knee and the ankle. ITA-3.9.9 Ankle gulphaḥ, ghuṭikā, ghuṇṭikā गुल्फः, घुटिका, , घुण्टिका ITA-3.9.10 Ankle joint khuḍakaḥ, khulakaḥ खुडकः ,खुलकः ITA-3.9.11 Medial and lateral malleoli gulphakarṇaḥ गुल्फकर्णः ITA-3.9.12 Foot pādaḥ पादः ITA-3.9.13 Heel pārṣṇiḥ, prapadam पार्ष्णिः, प्रपदम् ITA-3.9.14 Forefoot The anterior third of the foot. pādāgram पादाग्रम् ITA-3.9.15 Toes pādāṅguliḥ पादाङ्गुलिः ITA-3.9.16 Sole pādatalam पादतलम् ITA-3.9.17 Middle third of the foot, midfoot Medial third of foot pādamadhyam पादमध्यम् ITA-3.9.18 Sensory, motor and intellectual faculties Altogether there are thirteen of these faculties. karaṇam करणम् ITA-3.10.1 The motor or sensory faculty A term that usually refers to the sense organs. indriyam, akṣam इन्द्रियम्, अक्षम् ITA-3.10.2 Motor faculty The five faculties of action: speech faculty (vak), hands (pani),,legs (padaḥ), anus (payu) and genitalia (upastha). karmendriyam कर्मेन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.3 Speech faculty One of the motor faculties : it represents the combined function of phonation and articulation. vāgindriyam वागिन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.4 Sensory faculty The five sensory or cognitive faculties: auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory and tactile sensory faculties. jñānendriyam ज्ञानेन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.5 Auditory sense faculty One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of sound or hearing. śrotrendriyam श्रोत्रेन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.6 Visual sense faculty One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for visual perception. cakṣurindriyam चक्षुरिन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.7 Gustatory sense faculty One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of taste or gustation. rasanendriyam रसनेन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.8 Olfactory sense faculty One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of smell or olfaction. ghrāṇendriyam घ्राणेन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.9 Tactile sense faculty One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of touch sensation.. tvagindriyam, sparśanendriyam त्वगिन्द्रियम्, स्पर्शनेन्द्रियम् ITA-3.10.1.1 Skin tvak, carma, valkam त्वक् , चर्म, वल्कम् ITA-3.10.1.2 First layer of skin avabhāsinī, udakadharā अवभासिनी, उदकधरा ITA-3.10.1.3 Second layer of skin lohitā, asṛgdharā लोहिता, असृग्धरा ITA-3.10.1.4 Third layer of skin śvetā श्वेता ITA-3.10.1.5 Fourth layer of skin tāmrā ताम्रा ITA-3.10.1.6 Fifth layer of skin vedinī वेदिनी ITA-3.10.1.7 Sixth layer of skin rohiṇī रोहिणी ITA-3.10.1.8 Seventh layer of skin māṃsadharā मांसधरा ITA-3.10.1.9 Scalp hair keśaḥ, mastakabālaḥ केशः, मस्तकबालः ITA-3.10.1.10 Body hair bālaḥ, roma, loma, aṅgajam बालः, रोम, लोम, अङ्गजम् ITA-3.10.1.11 Linea nigra romarājī रोमराजी ITA-3.10.1.12 Hair tip romāntaḥ रोमान्तः ITA-3.10.1.13 Hair whorl romāvartaḥ रोमावर्तः ITA-3.10.1.14 Hair follicle romakūpaḥ, kūyakam रोमकूपः, कूयकम् ITA-3.10.1.15 Scalp The area of skin from which hairs develop. keśabhūmiḥ केशभूमिः ITA-3.10.1.16 Hair kacaḥ कचः ITA-3.10.1.17 Hairline The boundary marking the growth of hair on the head, especially over the forehead and temple. kacāntaḥ कचान्तः ITA-3.10.1.18 Nail nakhaḥ, karajaḥ नखः, करजः ITA-3.10.1.19 Nail fold upanakham उपनखम् ITA-3.10.1.20 Nail bed nakha-māṃsam नखमांसम् ITA-3.10.1.21 Nail root and fold nakha-sandhiḥ नखसन्धिः IT.3.11.1 The major inner cavity of the body from the mouth to anus Comprises both stomach and large intestine mahāsrotas, antaḥkoṣṭhaḥ, koṣṭhaḥ,śarīramadhyam, mahānimnam महास्रोतस्, अन्तःकोष्ठः, कोष्टः, शरीरमध्यम्, महानिम्नम् IT.3.11.2 Viscera, splanchnic organs koṣṭhāṅgam कोष्ठाङ्गम् IT.3.11.3 Brain mastuluṅgaḥ, mastiṣkaḥ,ghṛtikā,mastakasnehaḥ,mastakamajjā, śirogatasnehaḥ मस्तुलुङ्गः, मस्तिष्कः, मस्तिष्कः, घृतिका, मस्तकस्नेहः, मस्तकमज्जा, शिरोगतस्नेहः IT.3.11.4 Heart hṛdayam, arthaḥ,kroḍaḥ,mahat, rasasthānam हृदयम्, अर्थः, क्रोडः, महत्, रसस्थानम् IT.3.11.5 Cardiothoracic region hṛdayasthānam हृदयस्थानम् IT.3.11.6 Lung phuphphusaḥ फुफ्फुसः IT.3.11.7 Trachea klomanāḍī क्लोमनाडी IT.3.11.8 Root organ of watercarrying conduits Usually commensurate with the gallbladder, pancreas and right lung. kloma, tilakam, tilam क्लोम, तिलकम्, तिलम् IT.3.11.9 Liver yakṛt, kālakhaṇḍaḥ, kālīyam, kālīyakam यकृत्, कालखण्डः, कालीयम्, कालीयकम् IT.3.11.10 Hepatic region yakṛtpradeśaḥ यकृत्प्रदेशः IT.3.11.11 Spleen plīhā प्लीहा IT.3.11.12 Kidney vṛkkā, kāleyam, kāleyakam, kukṣigolakaḥ वृक्कः, कालेयम्, कालेयकम्, कुक्षिगोलकः IT.3.11.13 Urinary bladder bastiḥ, vastiḥ, mūtravasti, mūtrāśayaḥ, malādhāraḥ बस्तिः, वस्तिः, मूत्रवस्ति, मूत्राशयः, मलाधारः IT.3.11.14 Lumen of urinary bladder vastikukṣiḥ वस्तिकुक्षिः IT.3.11.15 Opening of the urinary bladder vastimukham वस्तिमुखम् IT.3.11.16 Bladder fundus vastiśiraḥ, vastimūrdhā, bastiśīrṣam वस्तिशिरः, वस्तिमूर्धा, बस्तिशीर्शम् IT.3.11.17 Ureter gavinī गविनी IT.3.11.18 Urinary passage mūtramārgaḥ मूत्रमार्गः IT.3.11.19 Urine carrier mūtravahā मूत्रवहा IT.3.11.20 Urinary system conduits mūtravahānāḍī मूत्रवहानाडी IT.3.11.21 Urethra mūtrasekaḥ, mūtrapathaḥ मूत्रसेकः, मूत्रपथः IT.3.11.22 Stomach The primary functional area of kapha and pitta. āmāśayaḥ, annasampuṭam, annāśayaḥ आमाशयः, अन्नसंपुटम्, अन्नाशयः IT.3.11.23 Place of digestion paktisthānam पक्तिस्थानम् IT.3.11.24 Large intestine The primary functional area of vata dosha. pakvāśayaḥ, pakvasthānam, pakvādhānam पक्वाशयः, पक्वस्थानम्, पक्वाधानम् IT.3.11.25 Gastrointestinal tract āmapakvāśayaḥ आमपक्वाशयः IT.3.11.26 Intestines āntram, antram आन्त्रम्, अन्त्रम् IT.3.11.27 Sigmoid colon and rectum purīṣādhāraḥ पुरीषाधारः IT.3.11.28 Rectum uttaragudam उत्तरगुदम् IT.3.11.29 Anal canal adharagudam अधरगुदम् IT.3.11.30 Lower passages The common term for the anal, urethral and vaginal passages. adharamārgaḥ अधरमार्गः IT.3.11.31 Intestinal lumen antrāśayaḥ अन्त्राशयः IT.3.11.32 Small intestine kṣudrāntram क्षुद्रान्त्रम् IT.3.11.33 Principal part of intestine concerned with food digestion pacyamānāśayaḥ पच्यमानाशयः IT.3.11.34 The site at which consumed food is held until digestion That part of the intestine where semi digested food is retained until completely digested. It is the main functional area of digestive fire. grahaṇī, jyotisthānam, agnyadhiṣṭhānam, agnisthānam ग्रहणी, ज्योतिस्थानम्, अग्न्याधिष्ठानम्, अग्निस्थानम् IT.3.11.35 Pancreas agnyāśayaḥ अग्न्याशयः IT.3.11.36 Small intestinal loops kṣudrāntrāvayavaḥ क्षुद्रान्त्रावयवः IT.3.11.37 Large intestine sthūlāntram, kaṭyantram स्थूलान्त्रम्, कट्यन्त्रम् IT.3.11.38 Colon The coiled or looped appearance of the intestinal folds. kuṇḍalam कुण्डलम् IT.3.11.39 Omentum vapāvahanam, vapā वपावहनम्, वपा IT.3.11.40 Receptacle Any organ or group of organs which acts as a container. āśayaḥ आशयः IT.3.11.41 Receptacle for vāta The most prominent site of vāta, mainly the large intestine. vātāśayaḥ वाताशयः IT.3.11.42 Receptacle for pitta The most prominent site of pitta which has an important role in the digestion of food: gallbladder. pittāśayaḥ पित्ताशयः IT.3.11.43 Receptacle for kapha The most prominent site of kapha: chest, stomach (upper abdomen) and head. kaphāśayaḥ, śleṣmāśayaḥ कफाशयः, श्लेष्माशयः IT.3.11.44 Receptacle for rakta Sites at which blood is stored or collected such as the liver, spleen or heart. raktāśayaḥ, śoṇitasthānam, rudhirasthānam, jīvaraktāśayaḥ रक्ताशयः, शोणितस्थानम्, रुधिरस्थानम्, जीवरक्ताशयः IT.3.11.45 Oesophagus annamārgaḥ अन्नमार्गः IT.3.11.46 Uterus garbhāśayaḥ, garbhaśayyā, phalayoniḥ गर्भाशयः, गर्भशय्या, फलयोनिः IT.3.11.47 Uterine cavity garbhakoṣaḥ, garbhakoṣṭhaḥ गर्भकोषः, गर्भकोष्ठः IT.3.11.48 Cervical os, opening of the uterine cervix garbhacchidram, garbhāśayadvāram, yonimukham गर्भच्छिद्रम्, गर्भाशयद्वारम्, योनिमुखम् IT.3.11.49 Umbilicus nābhiḥ नाभिः IT.3.11.50 Fetal attachment of umbilical cord nābhibandhanam नाभिबन्धनम् IT.3.11.51 Round area of umbilicus nābhimaṇḍalam नाभिमण्डलम् IT.3.11.52 Umbilical region nābhipradeśaḥ नाभिप्रदेशः ITA-3.12.1 Boundary between tissues The general name given to the seven bodily membranes, e.g. fasciae or septae. kalā कला ITA-3.12.2 Muscle-bearing membrane Deep fascia. māṃsadharākalā मांसधराकला ITA-3.12.3 Blood-bearing membrane Raktadharākalā रक्तधराकला ITA-3.12.4 Fatty tissue-bearing membrane medodharākalā मेदोधराकला ITA-3.12.5 Synovial membrane śleṣmadharākalā श्लेष्मधराकला ITA-3.12.6 Faeces-bearing membrane purīṣadharākalā पुरीषधराकला ITA-3.12.7 Pitta-bearing membrane pittadharā-kalā पित्तधराकला ITA-3.12.8 Sukra-bearing membrane śukradharākalā शुक्रधराकला ITA-3.12.9 Lymphatic exudate Clear fluid exudate at the site of a skin injury, one of the sites of pitta. lasīkā लसीका ITA-3.13.1 Bone asthi अस्थि ITA-3.13.2 Part of bone asthikhaṇḍaḥ अस्थिखण्डः ITA-3.13.3 Small bone Small bones such as the carpal, tarsal and metacarpal bones. aṇvasthi अण्वस्थि ITA-3.13.4 Large bone sthūlāsthi स्थूलास्थि ITA-3.13.5 Flat bone kapālāsthi, karparam कपालास्थि, कर्परम् ITA-3.13.6 Teeth rucakāsthi रुचकास्थि ITA-3.13.7 Cartilage taruṇāsthi तरुणास्थि ITA-3.13.8 Curved bone valayāsthi वलयास्थि ITA-3.13.9 Long bone nalakāsthi नलकास्थि ITA-3.13.10 Skull śiraḥkapālam शिरःकपालम् ITA-3.13.11 Bones of the ear karṇāsthi कर्णास्थि ITA-3.13.12 Cartilage of the nose nāsātaruṇāsthi नासातरुणास्थि ITA-3.13.13 Mandible Hanvasthi, hanukāsthi हन्वस्थि, हनुकास्थि ITA-3.13.14 Bones of the palate tālvasthi ताल्वस्थि ITA-3.13.15 Clavicle akṣaḥ, akṣakaḥ, akṣakāsthi, kīlakaḥ,koṣṭhakam, koṣṭhakāsthi अक्षः, अक्षकः, अक्षकास्थि, कीलकः, कोष्टकम्, कोष्ठकास्थि ITA-3.13.16 Scapula aṃsaphalakaḥ अंसफलकः ITA-3.13.17 Sternum uraḥphalakaḥ उरःफलकः ITA-3.13.18 Rib parśukā पर्शुका ITA-3.13.19 Anterior end of the rib parśukāgram पर्शुकाग्रम् ITA-3.13.20 Head of the rib sthālakam स्थालकम् ITA-3.13.21 Tubercle of the rib sthālakārbudam स्थालकार्बुदम् ITA-3.13.22 Hip bone kaṭikapālaḥ, jaghanakapālaḥ कटिकपालः, जघनकपालः ITA-3.13.23 Sacrum, sacrum and coccyx kuṭakāsthi, śroṇīkāṇḍam, śroṇikāṇḍāsthi, mayūrāsthi कुटकास्थि, श्रोणिकाण्डम्, श्रोणिकाण्डास्थि, मयूरास्थि ITA-3.13.24 Ala of the sacrum śroṇīkarṇaḥ श्रोणीकर्णः ITA-3.13.25 Pubic bone bhagāsthi भगास्थि ITA-3.13.26 Coccyx gudāsthi गुदास्थि ITA-3.13.27 Patella jānukapālikā जानुकपालिका ITA-3.13.28 Femur ūrvasthi, ūrunalakam ऊर्वस्थि, ऊरुनालकम् ITA-3.13.29 Tibia and fibula jaṅghāsthinī जङ्घास्थि ITA-3.13.30 Calcaneus pārṣṇyasthi पार्ष्ण्यस्थि ITA-3.13.31 Tarsal bones excluding talus and calcaneus Pādakurcāsthi पादकू र्चास्थि ITA-3.13.32 Humerus Bāhunalakam बाहुनलकम् ITA-3.13.33 Olecranon process Kūrparāsthi कू र्परास्थि ITA-3.13.34 Phalanx aṅgulāsthi अङ्गुलास्थि ITA-3.13.35 Distal row of carpal bones pāṇiśalākādhiṣṭhānam पाणिशलाकाधिष्ठानम् ITA-3.13.36 Joint, articulation sandhiḥ सन्धिः ITA-3.13.37 Immovable or slightly movable joints sthirasandhiḥ स्थिरसन्धिः ITA-3.13.38 Movable joint ceṣṭāvantasandhiḥ चेष्टावन्तसन्धिः ITA-3.13.39 Condyloid and hinge joint korasandhiḥ कोरसन्धिः ITA-3.13.40 Ball and socket joint ulūkhalasandhiḥ उलूखलसन्धिः ITA-3.13.41 Box-like joint sāmudgasandhiḥ सामुद्गसन्धिः ITA-3.13.42 Gliding joint pratarasandhiḥ प्रतरसन्धिः ITA-3.13.43 Sutural joint Tunnasevanī तुन्नसेवनी ITA-3.13.44 Condyloid joint vāyasatuṇḍasandhiḥ वायसतुण्डसन्धिः ITA-3.13.45 Circular joint maṇḍalasandhiḥ मण्डलसन्धिः ITA-3.13.46 Convoluted shell-like joint śaṃkhāvartasandhiḥ शंखावर्तसन्धिः ITA-3.13.47 Temporo-mandibular joint hanusandhiḥ हनुसन्धिः ITA-3.13.48 Sterno-clavicular joint grīvā-adhaḥsandhiḥ, jatrusandhiḥ, akṣakasandhiḥ ग्रीवा-अधःसन्धिः, जत्रुसन्धिः, अक्षकसन्धिः ITA-3.13.49 Shoulder joint aṃsasandhiḥ, bāhuśirasandhiḥ अंससन्धिः, बाहुशिरसन्धिः ITA-3.13.50 Elbow joint kūrparasandhiḥ. bāhusandhiḥ कू र्परसन्धिः, बाहुसन्धिः ITA-3.13.51 Hip joint kaṭisandhiḥ, vaṅkṣaṇasandhiḥ, ūrusandhiḥ कटिसन्धिः, वंक्षणसन्धिः, ऊरुसन्धिः ITA-3.13.52 Knee joint jānusandhiḥ जानुसन्धिः ITA-3.13.53 Proximal tibiofibular joint jānvadhaḥsandhiḥ जान्वधःसन्धिः ITA-3.13.54 Ankle joint gulphasandhiḥ, khuḍaḥ गुल्फसन्धिः, खुडः ITA-3.13.55 Sinews Tendons, ligaments and other fibrous connective tissue. snāyuḥ स्नायुः ITA-3.13.56 Network of sinews snāyupratānaḥ स्नायुप्रतानः ITA-3.13.57 Ramified sinew pratānavatīsnāyuḥ प्रतानवतीस्नायुः ITA-3.13.58 Tendon vṛttasnāyuḥ वृत्तस्नायुः ITA-3.13.59 Aponeurosis pṛthulā-snāyuḥ पृथुलस्नायुः ITA-3.13.60 Porous membrane Membranes located in stomach, intestines and bladder. suṣirā-snāyuḥ सुषिरस्नायुः ITA-3.13.61 Long muscles The group of four, rope-like, long muscles of the back. māṃsarajjuḥ, rajjuḥ मांसरज्जुः, रज्जुः ITA-3.13.62 Brush-shaped structures Brush-shaped branching network of tissues, six in number. kūrcaḥ कू र्चः ITA-3.13.63 Suture, frenulum A structure with a suture-like appearance of which there are seven: five in the head, one under the tongue and one on the penis.. Sīvanī, sevanī सीवनी, सेवनी ITA-3.13.64 Conglomeration of bones A site at which more than two bones articulate or come together. asthisaṅghātaḥ, saṅghātaḥ अस्थिसङ्घातः, सङ्घातः ITA-3.13.65 Boundary region sīmantaḥ सीमन्तः ITA-3.13.66 Plexus or network An interlacing or decussating network such as those of māṃsa, sirā, snāyu or asthi. jālam जालम् ITA-3.13.67 Network of muscles māṃsajālam मांसजालम् ITA-3.13.68 Network of veins sirājālam सिराजालम् ITA-3.13.69 Network of tendons snāyujālam स्नायुजालम् ITA-3.13.70 Network of bones asthijālam अस्थिजालम् ITA-3.13.71 Base, substratum ādhāraḥ आधारः ITA-3.14.1 Vein Any tubular conduit of the body, commonly referring to veins. Sirā सिरा ITA-3.14.2 Vein carrying vata Vātavahā वातवहा ITA-3.14.3 Vein carrying pitta Pittavahā, Pittavāhinī पित्तवहा, पित्तवाहिनी ITA-3.14.4 Vein carrying kapha Kaphavahā कफवहा ITA-3.14.5 Vein carrying blood Raktavahā रक्तवहा ITA-3.14.6 Lymphatic vessels gauryaḥsirāḥ गौर्यः सिराः ITA-3.14.7 Small arterial branches aruṇa-sirā अरुणसिरा ITA-3.14.8 Vein located in the ear Kālikā कालिका ITA-3.14.9 Vein located in the ear Marmarikā मर्मरिका ITA-3.14.10 Vein located in the ear Lohitikā लोहितिका ITA-3.14.11 Angular vein upanāsikā-sirā, aupanāsikya-sirā उपनासिकासिरा, औपनासिक्यसिरा ITA-3.14.12 Vessels of the neck kaṇṭhasirā कण्ठसिरा ITA-3.14.13 Veins of the forehead lalāṭasirā ललाटसिरा ITA-3.14.14 Femoral vessels ūrvīsirā ऊर्वीसिरा ITA-3.14.15 Great saphenous vein jāladharā-sirā, jālandharā जालधरासिरा, जालन्धरा ITA-3.14.16 Vein responsible for sexual arousal kāmasirā कामसिरा ITA-3.15.1 Artery A pulsatile conduit. Blood vessels which pulsate in synchrony with the heartbeat. Dhamanī धमनी ITA-3.15.2 Artery related to perception of sound śabdavahādhamanī शब्दवहाधमनी ITA-3.15.3 Artery related to perception of touch sparśavahādhamanī स्पर्शवहाधमनी ITA-3.15.4 Artery related to perception of form Rūpavahādhamanī रूपवहाधमनी ITA-3.15.5 Artery related to perception of taste rasavahādhamanī रसवहाधमनी ITA-3.15.6 Artery related to perception of smell gandhavahādhamanī गन्धवहाधमनी ITA-3.16.1 Seats of vital life force There are ten of these locations: temporal region (right, left), heart, urinary bladder, head, throat, rectum, blood, semen and ojas. prāṇāyatanam, jīvitāyatanam, jīvitadhāma प्राणायतनम्, जीवितायतनम्, जीवितधाम ITA-3.16.2 Seats of consciousness Body sites which are major seats of vital life force; primarily the heart . cetaḥsthānam चेतःस्थानम् ITA-3.16.3 Three vulnerable locations Heart, urinary bladder and head are considered as three most vulnerable locations trimarma त्रिमर्म ITA-3.16.4 Mortal or vulnerable location The 107 major vital locations or seats of life in the body are classified into various types based on their structure, dimensions, vulnerability to trauma or mortal outcome. Injury to these locations may result in death, deformity or severe pain. Marma मर्म ITA-3.16.5 Vulnerable location(s) in the limbs Marma located in the limbs. Śākhāmarma शाखामर्म ITA-3.16.6 Vulnerable location(s) in the lower limbs Marma located in the lower limbs. Sakthimarma सक्थिमर्म ITA-3.16.7 Vulnerable location(s) in the upper limbs Marma located in the upper limbs. Bāhumarma बाहुमर्म ITA-3.16.8 Vulnerable location(s) in the abdomen Marma located in the abdomen. Udaramarma, koṣṭhamarma उदरमर्म, कोष्ठमर्म ITA-3.16.9 Vulnerable location(s) in the chest Marma located in the chest. Uromarma उरोमर्म ITA-3.16.10 Vulnerable location(s) in the back Marma located in the back. pṛṣṭhamarma पृष्ठमर्म ITA-3.16.11 Vulnerable location(s) in the head and neck Marma located in the head and neck.. Śiromarma, jatrūrdhvamarma शिरोमर्म, जत्रूर्ध्वमर्म ITA-3.16.12 Vulnerable location(s) in which the mainstructural component is muscle Marma where muscles are structurally prominent. Māṃsamarma मांसमर्म ITA-3.16.13 Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is vein Marma where vessels are structurally prominent. Sirāmarma सिरामर्म ITA-3.16.14 Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is tendon Marma where fibrous connective tissue is structurally prominent Snāyumarma स्नायुमर्म ITA-3.16.15 Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is bone Marma where bone/skeletal tissue is structurally prominent. . asthimarma अस्थिमर्म ITA-3.16.16 Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is joint Marma where joints are structurally prominent. sandhimarma सन्धिमर्म ITA-3.16.17 Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is pulsating vessels Marma where pulsating vessels are structurally prominent. dhamanīmarma धमनीमर्म ITA-3.16.18 Vulnerable location(s) leading to imminent death Marma which if injured may lead to death within a period of seven days. sadyaḥprāṇaharamarma सद्यःप्राणहरमर्म ITA-3.16.19 Vulnerable location(s) leading to delayed death Marma which if injured may lead to death within a period of thirty days. kālāntaraprāṇaharamarma कालान्तरप्राणहरमर्म ITA-3.16.20 Vulnerable location(s) where manipulation entails death Marma which if injured by a foreign body may lead to death if it is removed: the person remains alive if the foreign body is left in situ. viśalyaghnamarma विशल्यघ्नमर्म ITA-3.16.21 Vulnerable location(s) leading to deformity Marma which if injured may lead to disability rather than death. vaikalyakaramarma वैकल्यकरमर्म ITA-3.16.22 Vulnerable location(s) leading to pain Marma which if injured may lead to severe pain. rujākaramarma रुजाकरमर्म ITA-3.16.23 Vulnerable location(s) located near the vertex Injury to this vulnerable location leads to sudden death when injured. adhipatiḥ (marma) अधिपतिः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.24 Vulnerable location(s) at confluence of nose, ear, eye and tongue vessels Four in number. Injury to this point leads to immediate death. śrṛṅgāṭakam (marma) शृङ्गाटकम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.25 Vulnerable location(s) on the neck Eight in number and leads to sudden death when injured. mātṛkā (marma) मातृका (मर्म) ITA-3.16.26 Vulnerable location(s) on the anterior part of the chest below the nipple Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to difficulty in breathing due to accumulation of kapha in the chest when injured. stanamūlam (marma) स्तनमूलम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.27 Vulnerable location(s) on the anterior part of the chest above the nipple Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to cough and difficulty in breathing due to accumulation of blood in the chest when injured. stanarohitam (marma) स्तनरोहितम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.28 Vulnerable location(s) on the chest Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to pus formation when injured. apalāpaḥ (marma) अपलापः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.29 Vulnerable location(s) on the chest Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to cough and difficulty in breathing due to air in the chest cavity when injured. apastambhaḥ (marma) अपस्तम्भः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.30 Vulnerable location(s) on the skull resembling the cranial sutures Five in number and leads to fear, insanity and death when injured. sīmantaḥ (marma) सीमन्तः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.31 Vulnerable location(s) on the midpoint of sole and palm Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured leads to pain which ends in death. talahṛdayam (marma) तलहृदयम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.32 Vulnerable location(s) in first interdigital web-space of upper and lower limbs Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured leads to convulsions and death. kṣipram (marma) क्षिप्रम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.33 Vulnerable location(s) in the calf muscles Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes severe bleeding leading to death. indrabastiḥ (marma) इन्द्रबस्तिः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.34 Vulnerable location(s) on the back near the pelvis Two in number which when injured causes severe bleeding leading to paleness and death. kaṭīkataruṇam (marma) कटीकतरुणम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.35 Vulnerable location(s) near the twelfth rib Two in number which when injured causes bleeding into abdominal cavity leading to death. pārśvasandhiḥ (marma) पार्श्वसन्धिः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.36 Vulnerable location(s) in the mid back Two in number which when injured causes death due to complications arising from severe bleeding. bṛhatī (marma) बृहती (मर्म) ITA-3.16.37 Vulnerable location(s) above the temples Two in number which when injured by a foreign body may lead to death if it is removed. utkṣepaḥ (marma) उत्क्षेपः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.38 Vulnerable point located near the glabella (area between eyebrows) One in number which when injured by a foreign body may lead to death if it is removed. sthapanī (marma) स्थपनी (मर्म) ITA-3.16.39 Vulnerable location(s) near the upper part of the thigh below inguinal region Two in number (one in each lower limb) which when injured causes severe bleeding leading to paralysis or death. lohitākṣaḥ (marma) लोहिताक्षः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.40 Vulnerable location(s) above the cubital fossa in upper limb and popliteal fossa in lower limb Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes swelling and paralysis. āṇi (marma) आणि (मर्म) ITA-3.16.41 Vulnerable location(s) in the femoral vessels near mid-thigh Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes wasting of limb due to bleeding. ūrvī (marma) ऊर्वी (मर्म) ITA-3.16.42 Vulnerable location(s) near the wrist and ankle Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes shivering and bending of the limb. kūrcaḥ (marma) कूर्चः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.43 Vulnerable location(s) in the groin Two in number which when injured leads to reduced fertility. viṭapaḥ (marma) विटपः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.44 Vulnerable location(s) on either side of back near the ischial tuberosity Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to paralysis and loss of sensation in the lower half of the body. kukundaraḥ (marma) कुकुन्दरः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.45 Vulnerable location(s) in the axilla Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to paralysis of one half of the body. kakṣadharaḥ (marma), kakṣādharaḥ (marma) कक्षधरः (मर्म), कक्षाधरः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.46 Vulnerable location(s) in the depression behind the ear Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to loss of hearing. vidhurā (marma) विधुरा (मर्म) ITA-3.16.47 Vulnerable location(s) at the junction of head and neck Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to involuntary movements of head. kṛkāṭikā (marma) कृकाटिका (मर्म) ITA-3.16.48 Vulnerable location(s) near the midpoint of the scapula Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to loss of sensation and wasting of arms. aṃsaphalakam (marma) अंसफलकम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.49 Vulnerable location(s) on either side of the throat Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to difficulty in speech, altered voice and loss of taste sensation. nīlā (marma) नीला (मर्म) ITA-3.16.50 Vulnerable location(s) on either side of the throat Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to difficulty in speech, altered voice and loss of taste sensation. manyā (marma) मन्या (मर्म) ITA-3.16.51 Vulnerable location(s) on either side of the nasal passage Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to loss of smell. phaṇam (marma) फणम् (मर्म) ITA-3.16.52 Vulnerable location(s) above the eyebrows Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to blindness or impaired vision. āvartaḥ (marma) आवर्तः (मर्म) ITA-3.16.53 Vulnerable location(s) on the wrist and ankle Four in number (one on each limb) which when injured leads to pain and swelling of the affected part. kūrcaśiraḥ (marma) कूर्चशिरः (मर्म) ITA-3.17.1 Fetus or embryo garbhaḥ गर्भः ITA-3.17.2 Stage of fetal development resembling the morula kalalam कललम् ITA-3.17.3 Stage of fetal development resembling the blastula budbudam बुद्बुदम् ITA-3.17.4 Placenta aparā, amarā अपरा, अमरा ITA-3.17.5 Umbilical cord nābhināḍī, garbhanābhināḍī नाभिनाडी, गर्भनाभिनाडी ITA-3.17.6 Fetal membranes jarāyuḥ जरायुः ITA-3.17.7 Birthing custard, vernix caseosa ulvam उल्वम् ITA-3.17.8 Seed, germinative matrix Male seed (pumbija) or female seed (stribija). bīja बीज: ITA-3.17.9 Part of seed bījabhāgaḥ बीजभागः ITA-3.17.10 Subpart of seed bījabhāgāvayavaḥ बीजभागावयवः ITA-4.1.1 Diagnosis Arrived at through careful consideration of information and the application of knowledge. Information is provided by the patient’s narrative, the exploration of signs and symptoms and the results of patient examination. The knowledge derived from the learning and expertise of the physician is applied to this information to arrive at a diagnosis vyādhiviniścayaḥ, rogaviniścayaḥ व्याधिविनिश्चयः, रोगविनिश्चयः ITA-4.2.1 Disease Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for diseases, based on the different perspectives under which diseases are understood: Disease, a condition which causes various types of pain and distress to the body and mind; Origin of diseases from ama; Illness due to multiple factors; Illness as obtrusive to life; Syndrome; Fever as a generic term for disease; Disorder, ailment; Discomfort, disease; A disease-state originating from the individual’s physical or mental transgressions or demerits in present or past life. 1. vyādhiḥ; 2. āmayaḥ; 3. gadaḥ; 4. ātaṅkaḥ; 5. yakṣmā, samuccaya; 6. jvara; 7. vikāraḥ; 8. roga; 9. pāpmā. 1. व्याधिः 2. आमयः 3. गदः 4. आतङ्क 5. यक्ष्मा, समुच्चय 6. ज्वर 7. विकारः 8. रोग 9. पाप्मा ITA-4.2.2 Comorbidity A disease that gives rise to another disease while continuing to exist; it may also signify two or more diseases which coexist owing to a similarity of etiology or pathogenic mechanism. vyādhisaṅkaraḥ व्याधिसङ्करः ITA-4.2.3 Types of disease The categorization of diseases based on various established criteria. vyādhibhedaḥ व्याधिभेदः ITA-4.2.4 Two types of psychological disease Diseases which affect the psyche can be classified as either agitative, reactive (rajasika) or inertia-prone conditions (tamasika). dvividha-mānasika-rogaḥ द्विविध-मानसिक-रोगः ITA-4.2.5 Diseases caused by agitative, reactive tendency A disorder of the psyche caused by an increase in agitative, reactive tendency in the individual, e.g. excessive anger, jealousy or impetuousness. rājasarogaḥ राजसरोगः ITA-4.2.6 Diseases caused by inertia prone tendency A disorder of the psyche caused by increase in the inertiaprone tendency in the individual, e.g. grief, slothfulness or excessive sleepiness. tāmasarogaḥ तामसरोगः ITA-4.2.7 Three types of somatic disease A threefold classification of somatic diseases based on vitiation of vata, pitta and kapha. trividha-śārīrika-rogaḥ त्रिविध-शारीरिक-रोगः ITA-4.2.8 Diseases caused by pitta A disease caused by vitiation of pitta dosha in the body such as dyspepsia, bleeding tendency or jaundice. āgneyarogaḥ आग्नेयरोगः ITA-4.2.9 Diseases caused by kapha A disease caused by vitiation of kapha in the body such as anorexia. saumyarogaḥ सौम्यरोगः ITA-4.2.10 Diseases caused by vata A disease caused by vitiation of vata in the body such as arthritis, sciatica or paralysis. vāyavyarogaḥ वायव्यरोगः ITA-4.2.11 Intrinsic or endogenous diseases A disease resulting from affliction of the psyche and body including all psychosomatic diseases. ādhyātmikarogaḥ आध्यात्मिकरोगः ITA-4.2.12 Hereditary diseases A disease resulting from morbid sperm or ovum including all hereditary diseases. ādibalapravṛttarogaḥ आदिबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.13 Hereditary diseases of maternal origin Hereditary conditions inherited through the maternal genetic line due to morbidity of the ovum. mātṛjarogaḥ मातृजरोगः ITA-4.2.14 Hereditary diseases of paternal origin Hereditary conditions inherited through the paternal genetic line due to morbidity of the sperm. pitṛjarogaḥ पितृजरोगः ITA-4.2.15 Congenital anomalies Conditions that occur at the time of birth which may be the result of diet and lifestyle choices by the mother during conception or from non-fulfilment of maternal cravings during pregnancy. janmabalapravṛttarogaḥ जन्मबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.16 Diseases due to inadequate fetal nutrition Congenital disorders due to a deleterious diet during conception and pregnancy. rasakṛtarogaḥ रसकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.17 Diseases due to neglect of maternal cravings Congenital clinical conditions resulting from non-fulfilment of maternal cravings during pregnancy. dauhṛdāpacārakṛtarogaḥ दौहृदापचारकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.18 Disorders resulting from dosha imbalance Diseases that manifest in the living system due to vitiation of body humours such as fever and bleeding disorders. doṣabalapravṛttarogaḥ दोषबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.19 Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract Diseases and conditions which have their origin in the gastroduodenal tract such as dyspepsia and vomiting. āmāśayasamuttharogaḥ आमाशयसमुत्थरोगः ITA-4.2.20 Diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract Diseases and conditions which have their origin in the large intestinal tract such as piles and constipation. pakvāśayasamuttharogaḥ पक्वाशयसमुत्थरोगः ITA-4.2.21 Extrinsic, exogenous diseases Diseases caused in the body due to exogenous or traumatic causes such as accidental injuries and falls or resulting from animal bites or poisons. ādhibhautikarogaḥ आधिभौतिकरोगः ITA-4.2.22 Traumatic physical injury Diseases and conditions caused by trauma and injuries. samghātabalapravṛttarogaḥ संघातबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.23 Diseases caused by sharp instruments Diseases and conditions caused by weapons or instruments such as swords, surgical instruments, stones or wood. śastrakṛtarogaḥ शस्त्रकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.24 Diseases caused by wild animals Diseases and conditions caused by physical attack and bites from both tame and wild animals; it includes injuries caused by nails, horns, bites, snake poison and bee stings. vyālakṛtarogaḥ व्यालकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.25 Diseases beyond human control Diseases and conditions that arise from disturbances in nature such as natural calamities, seasonal or climatic variations, or following turbulent divine interventions such as floods, epidemics or droughts. ādhidaivikarogaḥ आधिदैविकरोगः ITA-4.2.26 Diseases caused by diurnal and seasonal variations Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body due to abnormal climatic variations such as excessive rain, heat or cold, and include conditions such as heatstroke or frost bite. kālabalapravṛttarogaḥ कालबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.27 Diseases resulting from untimely climatic changes or sudden variations Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body due to unexpected changes in climate. vyāpannartukṛtarogaḥ व्यापन्नर्तुकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.28 Diseases resulting from regular climatic changes Diseases and conditions resulting from poor adaptation to the seasons. avyāpannartukṛtarogaḥ अव्यापन्नर्तुकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.29 Diseases occurring by chance, beyond human control Diseases, conditions and events that, in the absence of any apparent cause are believed to be of supernatural origin: they include those subsequent to natural calamities such as floods, cyclones, thunder, epidemics and pandemics. daivabalapravṛttarogaḥ दैवबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.30 Disorders caused by natural disasters Diseases and conditions subsequent to natural disasters such as thunder, lightning, asteroid impacts and meteor showers on the terrestrial surface. vidyudaśanikṛtarogaḥ विद्युदशनिकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.31 Diseases caused by malevolent or negative spiritual entities piśācādikṛtarogaḥ पिशाचादिकृतरोगः ITA-4.2.32 Contagious diseases Diseases and conditions that arise in individuals and are transmitted by close contact with other persons affected by diseases such as leprosy and conjunctivitis. samsargajarogaḥ संसर्गजरोगः ITA-4.2.33 Idiopathic diseases Diseases and conditions which manifest suddenly in the body without any apparent cause. ākasmikarogaḥ आकस्मिकरोगः ITA-4.2.34 Conditions resulting from physiological variations or the ageing process Diseases and conditions brought about by the natural progression of bodily processes such as hunger, thirst, sleep and old age. svabhāvabalapravṛttarogaḥ स्वभावबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ITA-4.2.35 Natural diseases of timely occurrence Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body due to the natural effect of time and physiological changes such as hunger and thirst as well as the ageing process, e.g. greying of hair in old age. kālajarogaḥ कालजरोगः ITA-4.2.36 Natural diseases of untimely occurrence Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body before their natural time of occurrence owing to improper dietetics and erratic lifestyles, e.g. premature ageing. akālajarogaḥ अकालजरोगः ITA-4.2.37 Prognosis The classification of diseases based on their prognosis as either curable or incurable. sādhyāsādhyatā साध्यासाध्यता ITA-4.2.38 Diseases that are treatable Diseases and conditions with a good prognosis. sādhyarogaḥ साध्यरोगः ITA-4.2.39 Diseases that are easily treatable Easily curable diseases and conditions which have fewer causative factors, lesser vitiation of dosha and develop in body tissues which are comparatively less depleted. sukhasādhyarogaḥ सुखसाध्यरोगः ITA-4.2.40 Diseases that are difficult to treat or cure Diseases and conditions that are curable with difficulty owing to various factors such as multiple etiological factors, depleted strength and functional imbalances. kṛcchrasādhyarogaḥ कृच्छ्रसाध्यरोगः ITA-4.2.41 Diseases that are incurable Diseases which are incurable owing to the implication of all dosha, multiple structural components and channels. asādhyarogaḥ असाध्यरोगः ITA-4.2.42 Diseases that can be palliated Diseases which by their nature are not completely curable but can be controlled or mitigated and symptoms palliated with suitable medicines and dietetics, e.g. persistent diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma. yāpyarogaḥ याप्यरोगः ITA-4.2.43 Diseases that are terminal Diseases and conditions which cannot be successfully cured despite the best available care. pratyākhyeyarogaḥ प्रत्याख्येयरोगः ITA-4.3.1 Disease assessment The process of investigating a disease: it is conducted by applying the five diagnostic principles rogaparīkṣā रोगपरीक्षा ITA-4.3.2. Five diagnostic criteria The fivefold factors that help in the understanding and diagnosis of a disease, including its etiology, prodromal symptoms, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis and aggravating and relieving factors. nidānapañcakaḥ निदानपञ्चकः ITA-4.4.1 Etiology Etiology generally denotes understanding the causative factor and expression of morbidity. Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for etiology, based on the different perspectives under which etiology is understood: The factors directly or indirectly implicated in the etiology of a disease; Etiological factor; Indicative factor; Abode of the causative factor; Agent; Primary cause; Causative setting, conducive factor; Factors augmenting the pathology. nidānam; hetuḥ; nimittam; āyatanam kartā; kāraṇam; pratyayam; samutthānam. निदानम्; हेतुः; निमित्तम्; आयतनम्; कर्ता; कारणम्; प्रत्ययम्; समुत्थानम्. ITA-4.4.2 Two types of etiological factors Twofold type of etiological factors based on discriminating the factors etiological factor which directly causes a disease or condition which acts as an additional factor in its manifestation. dvividhahetuḥ द्विविधहेतुः ITA-4.4.3 Originating cause of disease An etiological factor that acts as the direct cause in the initiation of a disease by promoting the accumulation of the respective dosha. utpādakahetuḥ उत्पादकहेतुः ITA-4.4.4 Aggravating cause of disease An etiological factor that sustains, aggravates and stimulates progression of a disease or condition. vyañjakahetuḥ व्यञ्जकहेतुः ITA-4.4.5 Extrinsic cause External causes that include vitiation of dosha through alterations in food, behavioural patterns and time. bāhyahetuḥ बाह्यहेतुः ITA-4.4.6 Intrinsic cause Internal factors such as dosha and affected structural components in the body which act as prime causes of disease manifestation when they deviate from the normal stage of equilibrium. ābhyantarahetuḥ आभ्यन्तरहेतुः ITA-4.4.7 Somatic cause Causes leading to disturbances in the anatomy and physiology of the body. śārīrikahetuḥ शारीरिकहेतुः ITA-4.4.8 Psychological cause Causes leading to disturbances in the functions of the mind. mānasikahetuḥ मानसिकहेतुः ITA-4.4.9 Three types of etiological factors A classification of etiology into three types: these are improper use of sense organs, intellectual error and transformation under the effect of time. trividhahetuḥ त्रिविधहेतुः ITA-4.4.10 Improper engagement of the senses One of the three primary causes of a disease owing to misuse (underuse, overuse and abuse) of the senses. asātmyendriyārthasamyogaḥ असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः ITA-4.4.11 Behaviour based on erroneous judgement One of the three primary causes of a disease owing to behaviour based on erroneous judgement. prajñāparādhaḥ प्रज्ञापराधः ITA-4.4.12 Course of development, transformation One of the three primary causes of a disease owing to the transformative impact of the flow of time. pariṇāmaḥ परिणामः ITA-4.4.13 Vitiated dosha as a cause of disease Seasonal variations leading to natural accumulation and aggravation of the dosha. doṣahetuḥ दोषहेतुः ITA-4.4.14 Normal state of dosha in health The normal physiological state of dosha underpinning a state of equilibrium and bodily health. prākṛtadoṣaḥ प्राकृतदोषः ITA-4.4.15 Abnormal dosha as a cause of disease A deviation of dosha from its normal physiological state of equilibrium, involving a disorder of its functional, qualitative or quantitative aspects: this is the basis of disease. vaikṛtadoṣaḥ वैकृतदोषः ITA-4.4.16 Primary or independent An independent disease or condition which has its own set of disease symptoms and classical line of treatment. anubandhyaḥ अनुबन्ध्यः ITA-4.4.17 Secondary or dependent disease A disease or condition which does not have an independent existence or line of treatment. anubandhaḥ अनुबन्धः ITA-4.4.18 Displacement of dosha A specific term which represents a pathological phenomenon from its natural seat when vitiated vata dosha forcefully shifts another dosha from its normal seat to another site and gives rise to symptoms. āśayāpakarṣaḥ आशयापकर्षः ITA-4.4.19 Causes which aggravate dosha Causes which aggravate dosha irrespective of the disease. doṣahetuḥ दोषहेतुः ITA-4.4.20 Disease-specific causes Factors that give rise to a disease or condition irrespective of the dosha involved. vyādhihetuḥ व्याधिहेतुः ITA-4.4.21 Causes which aggravate dosha and disease-specific causes Factors which not only aggravate a particular dosha but also give rise to a particular disease or condition; causes affecting both mind and body. ubhayahetuḥ उभयहेतुः ITA-4.4.22 Four types of etiological factor There are four types of etiological factors: . proximate cause, distant etiological factor, mild yet potential causative factor and dominant causative factor caturvidhahetuḥ चतुर्विधहेतुः ITA-4.4.23 Proximate cause A cause from which a disease or condition results as a direct and uninterrupted consequence, e.g. a dry or astringent diet is the proximate cause of fever due to the predominance of vata. sannikṛṣṭahetuḥ सन्निकृष्टहेतुः ITA-4.4.24 Distant etiological factor A distant or indirect causative factor which is less influential in giving rise to a disease or condition. viprakṛṣṭahetuḥ विप्रकृष्टहेतुः ITA-4.4.25 Mild yet potential causative factor A nondominant causative factor: it cannot independently give rise to a disease or condition but may contribute to it when the apposite situation arises in the body. vyabhicārihetuḥ व्यभिचारिहेतुः ITA-4.4.26 Dominant causative factor A dominant causative factor plays a preponderant role in giving rise to a disease or condition: this kind of factor produces instantaneous vitiation of the dosha, damaging the tissues even before being processed in the body, and is therefore very potent, e.g. a poison. prādhānikahetuḥ प्राधानिकहेतुः ITA-4.5.1 Prodrome, premonitory symptoms Recognition of the prodrome or set of premonitory, precursory symptoms, treatment of which can forestall manifestation of the disease; they are classified into two types depending on their nature. pūrvarūpam पूर्वरूपम् ITA-4.5.2 Classification of prodromes A classification of prodromal symptoms based on their general and specific nature which may indicate a particular disease or condition. pūrvarūpabhedaḥ पूर्वरूपभेदः ITA-4.5.3 Specific prodrome A specific symptom pertaining to a particular dosha. The term also denotes those premonitory symptoms which indicate the onset of a particular disease or clinical condition. viśeṣapūrvarūpam विशेषपूर्वरूपम् ITA-4.5.4 General prodrome General premonitory symptoms. The term also denotes those premonitory symptoms which may indicate the impending disease or condition without providing any information about dosha predominance. sāmānyapūrvarūpam सामान्यपूर्वरूपम् ITA-4.5.5 Signs and symptoms Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for signs and symptoms, based on the different perspectives under which they are understood. Any morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal in structure, function or sensation, as experienced by the patient or observed by the physician and indicating a disease. The terms used are लिङगः, आकृतिः , लक्षणम् , चिह्नम् , संस्थानम् , व्यञ्जनम् , रूपम् . ITA-4.5.6 Differential diagnosis upheld by positive treatment response Signs and symptoms of improvement signifying alleviation of the disease or condition. upaśayaḥ उपशयः ITA-4.5.7 Types of therapeutic diagnosis Different categories of alleviating factor used in the trial-anderror method of diagnosis. upaśayabhedaḥ उपशयभेदः ITA-4.5.8 Antagonistic to etiology The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are antagonistic to the etiology of the disease or condition. hetuviparītaḥ हेतुविपरीतः ITA-4.5.9 Antagonistic to disease The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are antagonistic to the nature of the disease or condition itself. vyādhiviparītaḥ व्याधिविपरीतः ITA-4.5.10 Antagonistic to etiology and disease The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are antagonistic to both the etiology and disease itself. hetuvyādhiviparītaḥ हेतुव्याधिविपरीतः ITA-4.5.11 Treatment with interventions known to be cause of disease viparītārthakārī विपरीतार्थकारी ITA-4.5.12 Treatment with interventions similar to disease etiology The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are similar to the etiology of the disease or condition, but capable of providing relief. hetuviparītārthakārī हेतुविपरीतार्थकारी ITA-4.5.13 Treatment with interventions usually considered to be disease-aggravating factors The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are known to aggravate the signs and symptoms of the disease or condition temporarily but can provide relief from the disease itself. vyādhiviparītārthakārī व्याधिविपरीतार्थकारी ITA-4.5.14 Treatment with interventions similar to disease etiology as well as diseaseaggravating factors The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are similar to both the etiology and disease, but capable of providing relief. hetuvyādhiviparītārthakārī हेतुव्याधिविपरीतार्थकारी ITA-4.5.15 Differential diagnosis upheld by negative treatment response Signs and symptoms of aggravation signifying ineffective intervention of diet and medicines.; one of the diagnostic tools when a disease or condition cannot be interpreted merely by its clinical features. anupaśayaḥ अनुपशयः ITA-4.5.16 Evolution or natural course of disease The sequence of events from etiology to manifestation of a disease, which is classified into six stages. samprāptiḥ, jātiḥ, āgatiḥ सम्प्राप्तिः, जातिः, आगतिः ITA-4.5.17 Classification of pathogenesis samprāptibhedaḥ सम्प्राप्तिभेदः ITA-4.5.18 Number of subtypes of pathogenesis Number of pathogenesis subtypes characteristic of a disease or condition. saṅkhyāsamprāptiḥ सङ्ख्यासम्प्राप्तिः ITA-4.5.19 Significance-based pathogenesis Pathogenesis subclassification based on the primary or secondary ailment. Prādhānyasamprāptiḥ प्राधान्यसम्प्राप्तिः ITA-4.5.20 Classification-based pathogenesis Pathogenesis subclassification based on various prognostic aspects such as whether a disease or condition can be classified as easily curable, incurable or difficult to cure. vidhisamprāptiḥ विधिसम्प्राप्तिः ITA-4.5.21 Fraction-specific pathogenesis Pathogenesis subclassification based on which one or fraction of the three dosha predominates. vikalpasamprāptiḥ विकल्पसम्प्राप्तिः ITA-4.5.22 Intensity-specific pathogenesis Pathogenesis subclassification based on the strength of the disease or condition. balasamprāptiḥ बलसम्प्राप्तिः ITA-4.5.23 Time-specific pathogenesis A pathogenesis subclassification based on the time of occurrence or aggravation of the disease or condition. kālasamprāptiḥ कालसम्प्राप्तिः ITA-4.5.24 Complication A factor, event or condition complicating a disease or condition. upadravaḥ उपद्रवः ITA-4.5.25 Adverse event A harmful or prejudicial event occurring during a therapeutic intervention. vyāpad व्यापद् ITA-4.5.26 Patient-related adverse event An adverse event due to insufficient adherence to the treatment regimen by the patient. āturanimittajaḥ आतुरनिमित्तजः ITA-4.5.27 Physician-related adverse event An adverse event due to an act of negligence or omission specifically committed by the treating physician. bhiṣaṅnimittajaḥ भिषङ्निमित्तजः ITA-4.5.28 Treatment-related adverse event An adverse event due to an inappropriate or inadequate treatment. bheṣajanimittajaḥ भेषजनिमित्तजः ITA-4.5.29 Sign or symptom of impending death The presence of ominous signs and symptoms indicative of a poor prognosis or impending death. ariṣṭalakṣaṇam अरिष्टलक्षणम् ITA-4.6.1 Disease stage The different stages or phases of a disease or condition. rogāvasthā रोगावस्था ITA-4.6.2 Ama, a state of incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism A transient state of the body wherein the digestive, metabolic processes come to a standstill and do not further transform to end products, by-products or waste products. This standstill leads to various changes in the body such as blockade of channels, excess secretions, unusual accumulation of waste materials, slowing down of movements and catabolic processes. It presents with the following generic symptoms: loss of strength, heaviness, laziness, tastelessness or altered taste, and exhaustion even without physical or mental exertion. The ama phase is an initial stage of almost all disorders, e.g. fever or diarrhoea, which arises due to vitiation of endogenous factors: dosha, fundamental structural components and excretory products. Physiologically, the ama phase denotes early digestion of food in the stomach. āma , āmāvastha आम, आमावस्था ITA-4.6.3 State of active digestion, and transformation of ama An intermediary stage of active digestion and transformation of ama leading to the next non-ama state. This can be a state of natural disease progression or may have to be induced by intervention to mitigate the pathology and treat the condition. Physiologically it is the state of active digestion of food in the intestines. pacyamānāvasthā पच्यमानावस्था ITA-4.6.4 Ripened stage of dosha The transformative phase in the course of a disease or wound indicating a post-inflammatory or suppurative condition. pakvāvasthā पक्वावस्था ITA-4.6.5 Transformative stage devoid of ama pathology The state when ama is converted either under the effect of time or by therapeutic measures. nirāmāvasthā निरामावस्था ITA-4.6.6 Stages of disease manifestation and management A comprehensive term for the six prominent stages in disease management indicating the stepwise progression of its pathogenesis. kriyākālaḥ/ṣaṭkriyākālaḥ क्रियाकालः/षट्क्रियाकालः ITA-4.6.7 Stage of a dosha increasing in its own location The first stage of disease manifestation, when dosha increases in its own place or site. sañcayaḥ सञ्चयः ITA-4.6.8 Stage of a dosha reaching the threshold The second stage of disease manifestation, when dosha increases to reach the threshold at its own location. This term may also indicate physiological aggravation of dosha. prakopaḥ प्रकोपः ITA-4.6.9 Stage of a dosha spreading beyond its own location The third stage of disease manifestation, when aggravated dosha migrates outside its own location. prasaraḥ प्रसरः ITA-4.6.10 Stage of a dosha localizing outside its location The fourth stage of disease manifestation, when aggravated and migrant dosha lodges in a different location from its original one and gives rise to prodromal symptoms. sthānasamśrayaḥ स्थानसंश्रयः ITA-4.6.11 Stage of clinical manifestation of a disease The fifth stage of disease manifestation, when a disease or condition becomes clinically manifest. vyaktiḥ व्यक्तिः ITA-4.6.12 Stage of disease developing into subtypes or leading to complications The sixth stage of disease manifestation kālaḥ, when the established disease or condition differentiates into subtypes based on dosha and which may signal complications. bhedaḥ भेदः ITA-4.7.1 Patient examination rogīparīkṣā रोगीपरीक्षा ITA-4.7.2 Standard three Examination of the patient by observation (darshana), component examination palpation (sparshana) and interview (prashna). trividhaparīkṣā (darśana, sparśana , praśna) त्रिविधपरीक्षा (दर्शन, स्पर्शन, प्रश्न) ITA-4.7.3 Six ways of clinical examination Examination of a patient based on analysis of information acquired by the physician using his or her five senses and by interview. ṣaḍvidhaparīkṣā षड्विधपरीक्षा ITA-4.7.4 Eight methods of clinical examination Clinical examination of eight domains: 1. pulse ; 2. urine; 3. excreta; 4. tongue; 5. voice and other body-sounds such as breathing and heart; 6. tactile examination; 7. eyes and eyesight; 8. build and appearance. aṣṭasthānaparīkṣā अष्टस्थानपरीक्षा ITA-4.7.5 Ten domains of clinical examination Tenfold clinical examination: 1. individual constitution; 2. morbidity; 3. excellence of structural components; 4. compactness of tissues or organs; 5. measurement of body constituents; 6. homologation; 7. psychic condition; 8. power of food intake and digestion; 9. power of performing exercise; 10. age. daśavidhaparīkṣā दशविधपरीक्षा ITA-4.8.1 Obstructive pathology A complete or partial obstruction in the body channels leading to their malfunctioning. srotorodhaḥ स्रोतोरोधः ITA-4.8.2 Functional alteration of body channels A functional and/or structural alteration of the body channels leading to a pathological process. srotovaiguṇyam स्रोतोवैगुण्यम् ITA-4.8.3 Functional alteration of body channels A structural and/or functional alteration of the body channels due to vitiated dosha or ama. srotoduṣṭihetuḥ स्रोतोदुष्टिहेतुः ITA-4.8.4 Types of body channel deformities The various types of the deformity affecting the body channels. srotoduṣṭiprakāraḥ स्रोतोदुष्टिप्रकारः ITA-4.8.5 Body channel dysfunction involving excess activity Excessive activity with increase and overflow of contents in the body channels. atipravṛttiḥ अतिप्रवृत्तिः ITA-4.8.6 Body channel dysfunction involving obstruction Obstruction of the body channels with restriction of movement; sometimes resulting in the formation of a collateral pathway. saṅgaḥ सङ्गः ITA-4.8.7 Body channel dysfunction involving displacement of contents Diversion to the flow of the contents and movement in the wrong body channels. vimārgagamanam विमार्गगमनम् ITA-4.8.8 Body channel dysfunction involving bulging or growth Occurrence of a knot-like or nodular growth in the lumen of the body channels. sirāgranthiḥ सिराग्रन्थिः ITA-4.8.9 Coexistence of aggravated three dosha Simultaneous or stagewise involvement of all three aggravated dosha in the pathogenesis of a disease. sannipātaḥ सन्निपातः ITA-4.8.10 Group of diseases, comorbidity The simultaneous appearance of two or more illnesses. rogānīkaḥ रोगानीकः ITA-4.8.11 Disease pathogenesis and manifestation The site of origin of the pathogenesis and/or manifestation of a disease or condition. rogādhiṣṭhānam रोगाधिष्ठानम् ITA-4.8.12 Vitiated dosha lying dormant A state in which vitiated dosha remains dormant (concealed) in the body conduits. In this state, the dosha remains primed to cause diseases when circumstances are favourable. līnadoṣāvasthā लीनदोषावस्था ITA-4.8.13 Displaced dosha Aggravated dosha which has migrated or been relocated from its original site. Synonym: āgantu-dosha. sthānāntaragatadoṣaḥ स्थानान्तरगतदोषः ITA-4.8.14 Correctly located dosha Dosha residing in its own place. sthānikadoṣaḥ स्थानिकदोषः ITA-4.8.15 Disease symptoms in accord with dosha A disease or condition due to coexistence of aggravated three dosha , in which dosha dominance can be understood based on symptoms. prakṛtisamasamavetasannipātajarogaḥ प्रकृतिसमसमवेतसन्निपातजरोगः ITA-4.8.16 Disease symptoms in discord with dosha A disease or condition due to coexistence of aggravated three dosha , in which dosha dominance cannot be understood based on symptoms. vikṛtiviṣamasamavetasannipātajarogaḥ विकृतिविषमसमवेतसन्निपातजरोगः ITA-4.8.17 Normal state, normalcy The state of being normal in every respect, without deviation from or derangement of the normal state, function or quality. prakṛtiḥ प्रकृतिः ITA-4.8.18 Abnormal state Not typical, usual or regular; differing in any way from the normal state, structure or condition. vikṛtiḥ विकृतिः ITA-4.8.19 Movement of dosha When it is not physiological, the movement of dosha within the body is a pathogenic mechanism which results in the manifestation of disease in different tracts. doṣagatiḥ दोषगतिः ITA-4.8.20 Transit destinations of dosha Spread or migration of vitiated dosha. sañcārasthānam सञ्चारस्थानम् ITA-4.8.21 Shifting of dosha from gut to structual components Physiological or pathological movements of dosha towards the structural components; diseases become manifest when the vitiated dosha gets dislodged in structural components . śākhāgatiḥ शाखागतिः ITA-4.8.22 Shifting of dosha A movement of dosha towards the vital parts, including the head and various junctures and junctions of the body. madhyamagatiḥ मध्यमगतिः ITA-4.8.23 Dosha associated with ama Dosha associated with ama undergoes qualitative and functional alterations and becomes capable of giving rise to diseases. sāmadoṣaḥ सामदोषः ITA-4.8.24 Dosha not associated with ama When ama associated with dosha undergoes depletion, the resultant dosha is termed devoid of ama state; it is still in a vitiated state and has not returned to normal state. nirāmadoṣaḥ निरामदोषः ITA-4.8.25 Inherent capacity of the body to resist diseases The inherent resisting power of the body, which strives to arrest the occurrence, progress and re-occurrence of diseases. vyādhikṣamatvam व्याधिक्षमत्वम् ITA-4.8.26 Inherent capacity of the body to resist diseases A natural, nonspecific type of immunity which defends the body whenever any disease occurs for the first time. vyādhibalavirodhitatvam व्याधिबलविरोधितत्वम् ITA-4.8.27 Inherent capacity of the body to resist diseases The defence mechanism of the body which intervenes to resist the occurrence or re-occurrence of diseases. vyādhyudpādapratibandhakatvam व्याध्युद्पादप्रतिबन्धकत्वम् ITA-4.8.28 Terminal disease A terminal disease or condition with no further treatment options, other than palliative care. anupakrama, pratyākhyeyaroga अनुपक्रम, प्रत्याख्येयरोग ITA-4.8.29 Comorbidity The presence or co-existence of more than one disease or condition at a given time. vyādhisaṅkaraḥ व्याधिसङ्कर ITA-4.8.30 Pro-causative factor and disease hetuvyādhiviparītārthakārī हेतुव्याधिविपरीतार्थकारी ITA-4.8.31 Mind as seat of disease A disease or condition in which the mind is first affected followed by the body. manodhiśṭānaṃ मनोधिष्ठानम् ITA-4.8.32 Disease caused exclusively by one dosha A group of diseases or conditions which are the unique expression of a particular dosha without the involvement of any other dosha. nānātmajavikāra नानात्मजविकार ITA-4.8.33 Disease caused by one or more dosha A disease or condition of generic etiology, i.e. due to derangement of one or more dosha. sāmānyajavikāraḥ सामान्यजविकारः ITA-4.8.34 Disease caused by another disease A primary disease or condition that serves as the etiology for another disease and continues to exist in its original form. nidānārthakararoga निदानार्थकररोग ITA-4.8.35 Dependant, secondary disease A secondary or dependant disease or condition that resolves when the primary disease or condition is treated. paratantra परतन्त्र ITA-4.8.36 Judgement of error An action taken based on an erroneous judgement, which may be due to a failure of wisdom, intellect or memory prajñāparādhaḥ प्रज्ञापराधः ITA-4.8.37 Prodrome A forerunner or early symptom of a disease or condition. pūrvarūpa पूर्वरूप ITA-4.8.38 Disease caused by more than one dosha A disease or condition caused by the combination of two dosha. saṃsarga संसर्ग ITA-4.8.39 Physical body as seat of disease A disease or condition in which the body is first affected followed by the mind. śarīrādhiṣṭānaṃ शरीराधिष्टानम् ITA-4.8.40 Conditions amenable to surgery A disease or condition that requires, and which can be treated and managed by surgical techniques. śastrasādhya शस्त्रसाध्य ITA-4.8.41 Primary disorder A disease entity of independent etiology and pathology which has a direct bearing on associated conditions in terms of ultimate treatment outcome: svatantra स्वतन्त्र ITA-4.8.42 Disease complication(s) The consequences or complications of a disease or condition. upadravaroga उपद्रवरोग ITA-5.1.1 Disorder A disorder refers to a set of dysfunctions in any body system which is evaluated from associated signs, symptoms or findings. Each disorder may be defined by its symptomology, etiological explanation, course and outcome, treatment response or linkage to interacting environmental factors. vikāraḥ विकारः ITA-5.2.1 Derangement of dosha doṣavaiṣamyam दोषवैषम्यम् ITA-5.2.2 State of dosha doṣāvasthā दोषावस्था ITA-5.2.1.1 Accumulation of vata A disorder characterized by impaired movements of vata in the gastrointestinal tract, reduced gastrointestinal motility; stagnated bowel movements; abdominal fullness. vātasañcayaḥ वातसञ्चयः ITA-5.2.1.2 Aggravation of vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dislocation/prolapse; expansion/dilatation; obstruction/adherence; breaking type of pain; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; horripilation/bristling; dryness of mouth/thirst; tremors/trembling/shaking; contrary or circular movement of vata; pulsation; pricking pain; uneasiness/ agitation/feeling of discomfort; abnormal movements; roughness of body; conspicuousness/clarity/perceptibility; porousness/hollowness; slight reddish complexion of body; astringent taste in mouth; loss of taste/unpleasant taste in mouth; dryness/wasting/emaciation; sharp type of pain; numbness/drowsiness; contractions of body parts; stiffness/ rigidity and limping. vātaprakopaḥ/ vātavṛddhilakṣaṇam वातप्रकोपः/ वातवृद्धिलक्षणम् ITA-5.2.1.3 Aggravation of life force A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; impairment of sense organs, notably the eye; cold catarrh; facial paralysis; thirst and cough. prāṇavātakopaḥ प्राणवातकोपः ITA-5.2.1.4 Aggravation of ascending vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: symptoms of throat obstruction (choking or difficulty in speaking); mental disturbance; vomiting; loss of taste; cold catarrh; glandular swelling in the jaw, neck or throat region or goitre; diseases of body above the collar bone or head and neck. udānavātakopaḥ उदानवातकोपः ITA-5.2.1.5 Aggravation of circulating vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a decrease in virility/semen; decrease or lack of enthusiasm/energy; diminution of physical strength; oedema; excitement; fever; quadriplegia; pricking type of pain; horripilation; numbness of body parts; skin disease; spreading cellulitis or erysipelas; diseases affecting whole body. vyānavātakopaḥ व्यानवातकोपः ITA-5.2.1.6 Aggravation of kindling vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; diminution of digestive fire; diarrhoea; colicky pain in abdomen; structural and functional impairment of duodenum; diseases of or originating in distal gastrointestinal tract; diseases of or originating in stomach. samānavātakopaḥ समानवातकोपः ITA-5.2.1.7 Aggravation of descending vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diseases of distal gastrointestinal tract; disorders of urinary system; disorders of semen; haemorrhoids; rectal prolapse. apānavātakopaḥ अपानवातकोपः ITA-5.2.1.8 Spreading of vata A disorder characterized by abnormal movements of air; gurgling intestinal sounds or borborygmi. vātaprasaraṇam वातप्रसरणम् ITA-5.2.1.9 Diminution of vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sluggishness of body; reduced talking; displeasure or discontent; loss of consciousness; exhaustion; tiredness or inability to perform physical activities; reduced activities; loss of investigating intelligence or consciousness; diseases due to increased kapha; excessive salivation; loss of taste; nausea and palpitations; impairment of agni. vātakṣayaḥ वातक्षयः ITA-5.2.1.10 Aggravation of vata in abdominal and thoracic cavity and organs in the cavity A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: haemorrhoids; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; pain in sides of chest/flanks; inguinal swelling/herniation; retention of urine; retention of faeces; diseases of heart. koṣṭhāśritavātakopaḥ कोष्ठाश्रितवातकोपः ITA-5.2.1.11 Aggravation of vata in rectum A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; retention of flatus; sharp pain in anus; abdominal distension; urolithiasis; multiple gravely particles in urine; pain in calf muscles; wasting of calf region; pain in thighs; wasting of thighs; pain in sacroiliac region of back; wasting of sacroiliac region of back; pain in legs/feet; wasting of legs; pain in back; wasting of back. gudasthitavātaḥ गुदस्थितवातः ITA-5.2.1.12 Aggravation of vata in stomach A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; pain in umbilical region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in abdomen; thirst; eructations; loose motions and vomiting caused by ama; cough; dryness in throat; dryness in mouth; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; vomiting; choking sensation/obstruction of throat; diseases above the umbilicus or nabhi. āmāśayagatavātaḥ आमाशयगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.13 Aggravation of vata in colon A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; colicky pain in abdomen; dysuria; difficulty in passing stool; borborygmi with distension; pain in sacroiliac region; constipation; urolithiasis; herniation; haemorrhoids; stiffness of sacroiliac region; stiffness of lower back. pakvāśayagatavātaḥ पक्वाशयगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.14 Aggravation of vata in the sense organs A disorder characterized by functional impairment of the sense organs. Jñānendriyagatavāta/ śrotrādīndriyagatavātaḥ ज्ञानेन्द्रियगतवात/ श्रोत्रादीन्द्रियगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.15 Aggravation of vata in skin A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of skin; cracking of skin; numbness of skin; thinning of skin/skin atrophy; blackening of skin; pricking pain in skin; stretching and redness of skin; pain in small joints; skin irritation resembling application of mustard paste; cracking of skin; discoloration; scaling of skin. tvakgatavātaḥ त्वक्गतवातः ITA-5.2.1.16 Aggravation of vata in blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: acute pain with a burning sensation; discoloration; emaciation; loss of taste; appearance of rash/ scabs on the body; stiffness of body after taking food; sleepiness/numbness; redness/congestion; indigestion; giddiness or dizziness; wound/ulcer/sore. asṛggatavātaḥ/ raktagatavātaḥ असृग्गतवातः/रक्तगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.17 Aggravation of vata in muscle A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body, excessive pain in body as if beaten by a stick or fists; pain and excessive fatigue; glandular swelling which is hard; firm or rough; pricking pain; exhaustion/fatigue; severe pain; stiffness; glandular swelling with pain. māṃsagatavātaḥ मांसगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.18 Aggravation of vata in fatty tissue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body, excessive pain in body as if beaten by a stick or fists; pain and excessive fatigue; glandular swelling which is hard; firm or rough; pricking pain; exhaustion/fatigue; severe pain; stiffness; mild pain; glandular swelling without ulcer. medogatavātaḥ मेदोगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.19 Aggravation of vata in bone A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cracking type of pain in bone and small joints; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; loss of physical strength or weakness; insomnia/sleeplessness; constant pain; pain in thighs; pain in joints; severe loss of physical strength; diminution of asthi/osteopenia/ osteoporosis. asthigatavātaḥ अस्थिगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.20 Aggravation of vata in bone marrow A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cracking type of pain in bone and small joints; pain in joints; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; loss of physical strength or weakness; insomnia/sleeplessness; constant pain; porousness of bones; stiffness. majjāgatavātaḥ मज्जागतवातः ITA-5.2.1.21 Aggravation of vata in seminal tissue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: delayed labour/postterm delivery, miscarriage/ abortion/preterm delivery; delayed ejaculation; premature ejaculation; congenital anomalies in offspring; inability to ejaculate. śukragatavātaḥ शुक्रगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.22 Aggravation of vata in tendons and ligaments. A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: external bending of body, internal bending of body; shooting pain in extremities; kyphosis; quadriplegia; monoplegia; rigidity/stiffness; tremors; sharp pain; convulsions; sciatica. snāyugatavātaḥ स्नायुगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.23 Aggravation of vata in veins A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mild pain; mild oedema; dryness/emaciation of body; presence or absence of pulsation in blood vessels; thinness or excessive thickness and narrowing or dilatation of blood vessels; sharp pain; contraction/narrowing of blood vessels or sira; bulky/prominent blood vessels; fullness of blood vessels; emptiness of blood vessels. sirāgatavātaḥ सिरागतवातः ITA-5.2.1.24 Aggravation of vata in joints A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling as if filled with air on palpation; swelling in joints; flexion and extension of joints with pain; joint pain; loss of joint mobility. sandhigatavātaḥ सन्धिगतवातः ITA-5.2.1.25 Convulsions A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abrupt movements of limbs; wasting of hands; wasting of feet; wasting of blood vessels; wasting of muscles; wasting of tendons. ākṣepakaḥ आक्षेपकः ITA-5.2.1.26 Tonic convulsion daṇḍakaḥ दण्डकः ITA-5.2.1.27 Convulsive fit A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the body bending like a bow, convulsive movements of body; confusion/delirium; difficulty in expiration/ laborious breathing; fixed/staring eyes; shutting eyes; cooing like a pigeon; frequent fainting/unconsciousness; pain in temporal region of head/temples; pain in head/headache; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; loss of movement; sunken eyes/downward gaze. apatantrakaḥ अपतन्त्रकः ITA-5.2.1.28 Orthotonus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fixed eyes/gaze; loss of consciousness; cooing sound from throat; repeated fainting; regaining consciousness after a while in recovery; offering water to the ancestral souls/ritual arrangements for sacrifice to the spirits of dead persons. apatānakaḥ अपतानकः ITA-5.2.1.29 Orthotonus with rod like stiffness A disorder characterized by the whole body becoming stiff like a stick. daṇḍāpatānakaḥ दण्डापतानकः ITA-5.2.1.30 Opisthotonus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: backward bending of head; elevation of chest; torticollis/stiffness of neck; bending of neck/neck pain; grinding of teeth/biting; yawning; salivation; choked voice; confusion/weakness after the attack/episode; breaking type of pain in chest; back or thigh. bahirāyāmaḥ/ bāhyāyāmaḥ/ dhanuḥstambhaḥ बहिरायामः/बाह्यायामः/ धनुःस्तम्भः ITA-5.2.1.31 Hemiplegia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hemiplegia/hemiparesis; loss of movement/ inability to move; impediment of speech/dysphasia; pain; contraction in a lower limb; contraction in an upper limb; pricking pain; sharp/acute pain; senselessness/ unconsciousness; dislocation of joint/flaccidity; loss of tactile sensation. pakṣāghātaḥ/ pakṣavadhaḥ पक्षाघातः/पक्षवधः ITA-5.2.1.32 Paraparesis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flickering/twitching of various parts of body; bursting type of pain in joints; feeling as if limbs are being broken; severe pain; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; pulsating sensation; stiffening of body; convulsions; joint contraction; joint trembling. sarvāṅgavātaḥ/ sarvāṅgarogaḥ सर्वाङ्गवातः/सर्वाङ्गरोगः ITA-5.2.1.33 Facial paralysis A disorder characterized by localized paralysis of one half of the face with or without involvement of the body. arditaḥ अर्दितः ITA-5.2.1.34 Lockjaw; trismus A disorder characterized by difficulty in chewing; difficulty in speaking; mouth remaining open; lack of pain; mouth remaining closed/trismus. hanugrahaḥ हनुग्रहः ITA-5.2.1.35 Wry neck; torticollis A disorder characterized by torticollis/stiffness of posterior aspect of neck. manyāstambhaḥ मन्यास्तम्भः ITA-5.2.1.36 Rigid tongue A disorder characterized by inability to eat food and liquids; inability to speak. jihvāstambhaḥ जिह्वास्तम्भः ITA-5.2.1.37 Obstructed blood vessel A disorder characterized by blackish discoloration; dryness; associated with pain. In certain cases where the vessels of head are affected the condition becomes complicated (difficult to treat). sirāgrahaḥ सिराग्रहः ITA-5.2.1.38 Sciatica A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gradual stiffness of gluteal region; lower and upper back; thigh; knee; calf muscles and feet; constant/ frequent throbbing/twitching sensation; to-and-fro movements/ stretching of thigh; suppression/holding down of thighs. gṛdhrasī गृध्रसी ITA-5.2.1.39 Brachial neuralgia A disorder characterized by loss of upper extremity functioning. viśvācī विश्वाची ITA-5.2.1.40 Synovitis of the knee with effusion A disorder characterized by a large painful swelling in the knee-joint/swelling in knee which resembles a jackal head; severe pain in mid-knee. kroṣṭukaśīrṣaḥ क्रोष्टुकशीर्षः ITA-5.2.1.41 Lameness khañjaḥ खञ्जः ITA-5.2.1.42 Paraplegia paṅguḥ पङ्गुः ITA-5.2.1.43 Kesari palsy A disorder characterized by trembling on walking; dragging walking/lameness; loss of joint control/loose joint ligaments. kalāyakhañjaḥ कलायखञ्जः ITA-5.2.1.44 Pain specific to heels vātakhuḍḍatā/vātakaṇṭakaḥ वातखुड्डता/वातकण्टकः ITA-5.2.1.45 Burning feet A disorder characterized by burning sensation in feet. pādadāhaḥ पाददाहः ITA-5.2.1.46 Peripheral neuritis of the feet A disorder characterized by numbness in feet; sensation of excitement/tingling in feet. pādaharṣaḥ पादहर्षः ITA-5.2.1.47 Muscle wasting around shoulder joint A disorder characterized by atrophy of structures binding the shoulder joints/wasting of shoulder region. aṃsaśoṣaḥ अंसशोषः ITA-5.2.1.48 Painful conditions of shoulder joints with severely affected or restricted movements A disorder characterized by atrophy of structures binding the shoulder joints/wasting of shoulder region; ligamentous contractions; inhibition of upper limb movements. avabāhukaḥ अवबाहुकः ITA-5.2.1.49 Dumbness A disorder characterized by dumbness/aphasia. mūkatvam मूकत्वम् ITA-5.2.1.50 Nasal intonation of speech A disorder characterized by nasal twang. minminaḥ मिन्मिनः ITA-5.2.1.51 Bladder pain radiating towards anus and penis A disorder characterized by pain travelling down from colon and urinary bladder; tearing sensation in genitals; tearing sensation in anus; severe pain in bladder region. tūnī तूनी ITA-5.2.1.52 Proctalgia A disorder characterized by pain from the anorectal and penile region which rapidly radiates upwards. pratitūnī प्रतितूनी ITA-5.2.1.53 Constipation and abdominal distension A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus. ānāhaḥ/ ādhmānam आनाहः/आध्मानम् ITA-5.2.1.54 Severe abdominal distension A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension originating from stomach, gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus. pratyānāhaḥ/ pratyādhmānam प्रत्यानाहः/प्रत्याध्मानम् ITA-5.2.1.55 Globular swelling near the urinary bladder resembling benign prostatic enlargement A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distension of urinary bladder; distension in the rectum; obstruction to passage of urine; obstruction in passage of faeces; severe pain; obstruction to passage of flatus; urine and faecal matter; stony hard globular swelling/ gland below navel; upwardly extended prominent gland in navel. vātāṣṭhīlā वाताष्ठीला ITA-5.2.1.56 Morbid tremor A disorder characterized by involuntary movements of all body parts/shaking movement of whole body. kampaḥ/ vepathuḥ कम्पः/वेपथुः ITA-5.2.1.57 Twisting pain in upper and lower limbs A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cramp in feet; cramp in calf; cramp in thigh; cramp in wrist; cramp in hand. khallī खल्ली ITA-5.2.1.58 Upward movement of vata A disorder characterized by excessive belchings/eructations. ūrdhvavātaḥ ऊर्ध्ववातः ITA-5.2.2.1 Derangement of pitta pittavikāraḥ पित्तविकारः ITA-5.2.2.2 Morbid state of pitta pittadoṣāvasthā पित्तदोषावस्था ITA-5.2.2.3 Accumulation of pitta pittasañcayaḥ पित्तसञ्चयः A disorder characterized by yellowishness of body, hypothermia or mild warmth. ITA-5.2.2.4 Aggravation of pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sour belching/eructations; thirst; severe burning sensation; burning sensation; redness/congestion; warmth; inflammation/suppuration; perspiration; moistening/ soddening; discharge; wheal-like skin eruptions; exhaustion; syncope or swooning; intoxication; pungent taste; sour taste; pallor of a reddish-brown colour. pittaprakopaḥ/ pittavṛddhi-lakṣaṇam पित्तप्रकोपः/ पित्तवृद्धि-लक्षणम् ITA-5.2.2.5 Spreading of pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation; sucking type of pain; severe burning sensation; vomiting of medicated smoke or dhūma; sensation of heat in mouth. pittaprasaraḥ पित्तप्रसरः ITA-5.2.2.6 Diminution of pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of warmth; diminution of agni; diminished complexion or loss of body lustre; rigidity or stiffness; coldness; irregular or inconsistent pain; burning sensation; loss of taste; indigestion; roughness of body; tremors; heaviness; whitish nails; whitish eyes. pittakṣayaḥ पित्तक्षयः ITA-5.2.3.1 Morbid state of kapha kaphadoṣāvasthā कफदोषावस्था ITA-5.2.3.2 Accumulation of kapha A disorder characterized by heaviness; lethargy. kaphasañcayaḥ कफसञ्चयः ITA-5.2.3.3 Aggravation of kapha A disorder characterized by aversion to food; nausea. kaphaprakopaḥ कफप्रकोपः ITA-5.2.3.4 Spreading of kapha A disorder characterized by loss of taste; indigestion; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; vomiting. kaphaprasaraḥ कफप्रसरः ITA-5.2.3.5 Diminution of kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms dryness; burning sensation inside the body; feeling of emptiness/vacuity in all the seats of śleśma especially the stomach or amaśaya; joint dislocation/laxity; thirst; weakness; sleeplessness/insomnia; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; generalized body aches; completely dried up; pricking pain; heat/fever; burning sensation; bursting type of pain; shivering/tremors; smoky/fuming sensation; heart palpitations. kaphakṣayaḥ कफक्षयः ITA-5.3.1 Derangement of structural components dhātuvaiṣamyam धातुवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.2 Derangement of primary circulating nutrient fluid rasavaiṣamyam रसवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.3 Diminution of primary circulating nutrient fluid rasakṣayaḥ रसक्षयः ITA-5.3.4 Aggravation or morbid increase of primary circulating nutrient fluid A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nausea; excessive salivation; loss of taste; unpleasant taste in mouth; nausea; aversion to sweet food; generalized body aches; diseases caused by kapha; white discoloration; coldness; obesity; lethargy; heaviness; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; obstruction in srotas/obstruction to flow of primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa); syncope or swooning; excessive sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; diminution of agni; loosening/dislocation of joints; flaccidity/laxity in body parts. rasavṛddhiḥ रसवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.5 Disproportion of blood Changes in the normal quantity and quality of blood. raktavaiṣamyam रक्तवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.6 Diminution of blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rough/dry skin; cracked skin; faded skin/ lustreless skin; praying for/desire for/liking of sour taste; praying/desire/liking for cold; laxity of vessels/tortuous vessels; dryness. raktakṣayaḥ रक्तक्षयः ITA-5.3.7 Morbid increase of blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: redness of skin/body parts; reddish-coloured eyes; fullness of blood vessels; skin disease; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; papules/eruptions; irregular or excessive menstruation; redness/inflammation of eyes/conjunctivitis; redness/inflammation of mouth/stomatitis; redness/ inflammation of penis/balanitis; redness/inflammation of anus/ proctitis; plīha; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; abscess; blackish patches on face; clinical features of jaundice; loss of agni; feeling of entering into darkness; clinical features of vātarakta; diseases caused by pitta; unconsciousness/confusion; urine with blood/bloodcoloured urine/haematuria; clinical features of raktapitta; inflammation of gums/gingivitis; clinical features of jaundice. raktavṛddhiḥ रक्तवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.8 Blood vitiated by vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: slightly red-coloured blood; clear blood; frothy blood; thin/dilute blood or reduced in quantity; black-coloured blood; blood with less viscocity; fast-flowing blood; noncoagulating blood; dark, brown-coloured blood; clear blood; blood with less unctuousness; blood with an astringent taste; blood with a metallic smell; blood with speedy oozing; blood at subnormal temperature. vātikaraktaduṣṭiḥ वातिकरक्तदुष्टिः ITA-5.3.9 Blood vitiated by pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blood with yellow discoloration; blackishcoloured blood; delayed coagulation because of hotness; blood with a bluish tinge; blood with a greenish tinge; dark, brown-coloured blood; blood smelling of raw meat; not favourable for ants; flies or bees because of kaṭu rasa; non-coagulating because of hotness; sooty/smoky-coloured blood; blood smelling of fish; blood with a shiny appearance/ particles; blood resembling cow’s urine. paittikaraktaduṣṭiḥ पैत्तिकरक्तदुष्टिः ITA-5.3.10 Blood vitiated by kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yellowish, white-coloured blood; slimy in nature; thready appearance of blood; blood with a thick consistency; blood resembling a solution of red ochre/gairika; blood of an unctuous nature; blood which is cold to touch; thick voluminous blood; blood which oozes for long time/ delayed coagulation; blood as thick as muscle fibres; blood coloured like a kovidara flower; blood which clots easily; blood which blocks a wound opening; blood with a salty taste; blood smelling of vasa. ślaiṣmikaraktaduṣṭiḥ श्लैष्मिकरक्तदुष्टिः ITA-5.3.11 Blood vitiated by tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gruel-coloured blood; blood with a very bad odour; coppery, blue-coloured blood; impure blood; turbid blood. sānnipātikaraktaduṣṭiḥ सान्निपातिकरक्तदुष्टिः ITA-5.3.12 Disproportion of muscle Changes in the normal quantity and quality of muscles. māmsavaiṣamyam मांसवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.13 Diminution of muscle A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: wasting of hips; wasting of neck; wasting of abdomen; wasting of cheeks/whole side of face including the temple; wasting/dryness of lips; wasting dryness of genitals or penis; wasting of thighs; wasting of chest; wasting of armpits/ axillae; wasting of calf; dryness; pricking pain; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; dysfunction of channels carrying blood and nerve impulses; lazy eyes/eye fatigue; splitting type of pain in joints. māmsakṣayaḥ मांसक्षयः ITA-5.3.14 Excessive increase of muscle A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hypertrophy/enlargement of hips; hypertrophy/enlargement of cheeks/whole side of face including the temple; hypertrophy/enlargement of lips; hypertrophy/enlargement of genitals or penis; hypertrophy/ enlargement of thighs; hypertrophy/enlargement of arms; enlargement of abdomen; hypertrophy/enlargement of calf; heaviness of limbs; heaviness of hips; heaviness of cheeks; heaviness of lips; heaviness of arms; heaviness of abdomen; heaviness of thighs; heaviness of calf; diseases of palate; diseases of tongue; diseases of kantha/throat; glandular swelling in jaw; neck and throat region/goitre; series of nodules in neck region; tumour; glandular swelling; diseases of kapha and rakta; hypertrophy of māṃsa in kaṇṭha. māmsavṛddhiḥ मांसवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.15 Disproportion of fat Changes in the normal quantity and quality of adipose tissue. medovaiṣamyam मेदोवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.16 Diminution of fat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: breaking/splitting type of pain; fatigued mind and body; eye stress; sunken abdomen; splenomegaly; hollow feeling in joints; dryness of body parts; desire for fatty meat; numbness in low back; emaciation; exhaustion/fatigue; dryness/wasting/emaciation; signs and symptoms of māṃsa depletion. medaḥkṣayaḥ मेदःक्षयः ITA-5.3.17 Morbid increase of fat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: unctuousness of body parts; pendulous fatty enlargement of abdomen; fatty deposition in flanks; cough; difficulty in breathing/dyspnoea on minor exertion; bad odour; prodromal signs of prameha; complications of obesity; diseases of kapha and rakta; signs and symptoms of enlargement/hypertrophy of māṃsa; exhaustion/fatigue; pendulous fatty enlargement of hips; pendulous fatty enlargement of breasts. medovṛddhiḥ मेदोवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.18 Disproportion of bone Changes in the normal quantity and quality of osseous tissue. asthivaiṣamyam अस्थिवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.19 Diminution of bone A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: scalp hair loss/thinning; body hair loss/ thinning; nail fall/thinning; beard/moustache loss/thinning; tooth loss/decay; exhaustion/fatigue; joint dislocation/laxity; bone pains; cracked teeth; cracked nails; dryness; roughness/ dryness; pricking type of bone pains; desire to eat bony meat. asthikṣayaḥ अस्थिक्षयः ITA-5.3.20 Morbid increase of bone A disorder characterized by excessive growth of bones/ overlapping bones; excessive growth of teeth/redundant overlapping teeth. asthivṛddhiḥ अस्थिवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.21 Disproportion of bone marrow Changes in the normal quantity and quality of bone marrow. majjāvaiṣamyam मज्जावैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.22 Diminution of bone marrow A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: decaying of bony tissue; weakness; lightness; repeated afflictions with vāta roga; reduced quantity of semen/śukra; breaking type of pain in small joints; pricking/ piercing type of bone pain; feeling of emptiness in bones; porousness of bones; giddiness/dizziness; blackouts. majjākṣayaḥ मज्जाक्षयः ITA-5.3.23 Morbid increase of bone marrow A disorder characterized by heaviness of the whole body; heaviness of eyes; redness of eyes; redness of body; furuncles at the base of small joints. majjāvṛddhiḥ मज्जावृद्धिः ITA-5.3.24 Disproportion of semen Changes in the normal quantity and quality of seminal tissue. śukravaiṣamyam शुक्रवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.25 Diminution of semen A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: weakness or loss of physical strength; dryness of mouth; pallor/pale colour of body parts; exhaustion/tiredness of body and mind; inability to perform sexual act/impotence; inability to ejaculate semen/ suppression of semen; penile pain; scrotal pain/severe scrotal pain; inability to perform sexual act; delayed ejaculation; ejaculation of semen along with blood; black-outs; pricking type of scrotal pain; smoky sensation in penis. śukrakṣayaḥ शुक्रक्षयः ITA-5.3.26 Morbid increase of semen A disorder characterized by seminal calculi/crystals; excessive ejaculation of semen; excessive desire for intercourse with women. śukravṛddhiḥ शुक्रवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.27 Disorders of menstrual flow Changes in the quantity and quality of menstruation. ārtavavaiṣamyam आर्तववैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.28 Diminution of menstrual flow; or scanty menstruation A disorder characterized by irregular menstruation/ metrorrhagia; scanty menstrual flow; pain in vagina. ārtavakṣayaḥ आर्तवक्षयः ITA-5.3.29 Morbid increase of menstrual flow A disorder characterized by generalized body aches, excessive menstrual bleeding/menorrhagia, bad odour of menses. ārtavavṛddhiḥ आर्तववृद्धिः ITA-5.3.30 Vitiation of breast milk stanyavaiṣamyam स्तन्यवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.31 Diminution of breast milk A disorder characterized by emaciated breasts/loss of shapliness of breasts; suppression of lactation; reduced lactation. stanyakṣayaḥ स्तन्यक्षयः ITA-5.3.32 Morbid increase of breast milk A disorder characterized by fully extended/large breasts; frequent secretion of milk; pricking pain. stanyavṛddhiḥ स्तन्यवृद्धिः ITA-5.3.33 Disproportion of ojas ojovaiṣamyam ओजोवैषम्यम् ITA-5.3.34 Diminution of ojas A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fear; loss of physical strength or weakness; constant thinking; distressed sense organs/sense organs not able to perform properly; diminished complexion; lack of mental strength; dryness; feeling wasted/dried up/emaciated; syncope or swooning; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; confusion/delirium; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; death. ojakṣayaḥ ओजक्षयः ITA-5.3.35 Dislodgement of ojas A disorder characterized by loosening/dislocation of joints; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; depletion of dosha; diminished activities of both body and mind. ojovisramsaḥ ओजोविस्रंसः ITA-5.3.36 Derangement of ojas A disorder characterized by stiffness of body; heaviness of limbs; swelling caused by vāta; discoloration of skin; fatigued mind and body; drowsiness/lassitude; sleep. ojovyāpat ओजोव्यापत् ITA-5.3.37 Excess formation of ojas ojovṛddhiḥ ओजोवृद्धिः ITA-5.4.1 Derangement of excretory products malavaiṣamyam मलवैषम्यम् ITA-5.4.2 Derangement of urine mūtravaiṣamyam मूत्रवैषम्यम् ITA-5.4.3 Diminution of urine mūtrakṣayaḥ A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysuria; discoloration of urine; thirst; dryness in mouth; pricking pain in urinary bladder or basti; oliguria; haematuria. मूत्रक्षयः ITA-5.4.4 Morbid increase of urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent micturition; pricking pain in urinary bladder or basti; abdominal distension; urge even after micturition. mūtravṛddhiḥ मूत्रवृद्धिः ITA-5.4.5 Derangement of faeces A disorder characterized by distension and upward movement of vayu. purīṣavaiṣamyam पुरीषवैषम्यम् ITA-5.4.6 Diminution of faeces A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gripping type of pain; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; pain in flanks; upward movement of vata with sounds/upward oblique movement of vata with sounds in abdomen; movement of vata in the abdomen; reduced quantity of faeces. purīṣakṣayaḥ पुरीषक्षयः ITA-5.4.7 Morbid increase of faeces A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling sounds in the abdomen; pain in abdomen; heaviness of abdomen; enlargement of abdomen. purīṣavṛddhiḥ पुरीषवृद्धिः ITA-5.4.8 Excretory products associated with incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction in srotas or channels; diminution of physical strength; heaviness; suppression of movements of vata; lethargy; indigestion; spitting; obstruction of faecal passage; loss of taste; exhaustion without exertion. sāmamalaḥ साममलः ITA-5.4.9 Derangement of sweat svedavaiṣamyam स्वेदवैषम्यम् ITA-5.4.10 Diminution of sweat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stiff/rigid body hairs; wasting/contracture of skin; abnormality in touch perception; loss of perspiration; hair loss; tearing/cracking of skin; numbness of skin; hardness/ roughness of skin. svedakṣayaḥ स्वेदक्षयः ITA-5.4.11 Morbid increase of sweat A disorder characterized by bad skin odour; itching; increased perspiration. svedavṛddhiḥ स्वेदवृद्धिः ITA-5.4.12 Debris deposition at the root of the tongue A disorder characterized by restricted expiration; bad mouth smell/halitosis. jihvāmūlagatamalaḥ जिह्वामूलगतमलः ITA-5.5.1 Vitiation of channels Deleterious changes in the structure and function of channels (srotas) carrying vital life force; water; food; seven tissues; menstrual flow-carrying channel; excretory products: stools, sweat and urine. srotovaiṣamyam स्रोतोवैषम्यम् ITA-5.5.2 Vitiation of channels carrying vital life force A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe restricted expiration; agitated expiration; slow expiration; frequent expiration; expiration with loud sounds; expiration with pain prāṇavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ प्राणवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.3 Vitiation of channels carrying water A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of tongue; palate; lips; throat; and kloma region and excess thirst (udakavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ). udakavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ उदकवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.4 Vitiation of channels carrying food A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an aversion to food; loss of taste; indigestion; vomiting. annavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ अन्नवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.5 Vitiation of channels carrying primary product of digestion A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anorexia, nausea, impaired sensation of taste, heaviness, fever with body aches, loss of digestive power, premature wrinkling of skin, greying of hair. rasavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ रसवहस्रोतोदष्टिः ITA-5.5.6 Vitiation of channels carrying blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: skin afflictions, erysipelas, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, inflammation of rectum, penis, mouth, enlargement of spleen, moles, freckles, jaundice, ringworm, leucoderma, papules, wheals. raktavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ रक्तवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.7 Vitiation of channels carrying muscle A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: granular eruptions, growths, tumours, warts, sloughing of muscles, dry gangrene. māmsavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ मांसवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.8 Vitiation of channels carrying medas A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive collection of tartar on the teeth, palate, tongue; burning sensation in hands and feet; sticky sweating; thirst and breathlessness. medovahasrotoduṣṭiḥ मेदोवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.9 Vitiation of channels carrying bone A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hypertrophy of bones and teeth or atrophy, pain in the teeth, bones discoloration of the hair, head, body, face, and nails. asthivahasrotoduṣṭiḥ अस्थिवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.10 Vitiation of channels carrying bone marrow A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in the joints, giddiness, fainting and deep-seated wounds in the joint. majjāvahasrotoduṣṭiḥ मज्जावहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.11 Vitiation of channels carrying semen A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: impotency, sterility, abortion and congenital deformities. shukravahasrotoduṣṭiḥ शुक्रवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.12 Vitiation of channels carrying menstrual flow A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive or decreased or irregular menstrual flow, uterine prolapse, abortion, infertility. ārtavavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ आर्तववहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.13 Vitiation of channels carrying urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excess micturition; dribbling; dysuria. mūtravahasrōtōduṣṭiḥ मूत्रवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.14 Vitiation of channels carrying stools A disorder is characterized by difficulty in defecation; scanty defecation; defecation with sound; painful defecation; defecating watery stools; defecating scybalous/hard stools; defecating large-volume stools. purīṣavaha-srōtōduṣṭi पुरीषवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.5.15 Vitiation of channels carrying sweat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: complete lack of sweating. or excess sweating; dryness or excess stickiness of skin; burning sensation of limbs; horripilation. svedavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ स्वेदवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ITA-5.6.1 Fever A disorder characterized by rise of temperature/agitation; absence of perspiration; generalized body stiffness/pain. jvaraḥ ज्वरः ITA-5.6.2 Prodromal symptoms of fever A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysgeusia/loss of taste; heaviness of body; aversion to food; querulous eyes; lacrimation/tears in eyes; excessive sleep; distress/discontent/restlessness; yawning; flexion/bending of body; shivering/tremors; exhaustion/ fatigue; giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sleeplessness; horripilation; sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; random intolerance to sound; cold; wind and the sun; wavering like and dislike of cold; wavering like and dislike of wind; wavering like and dislike of sun; loss of taste; indigestion; weakness; generalized body aches; low vitality; slowness in activities; lethargy; loss of regular functions; aversion to work; disregard of superiors’ instructions; dislike of children; indifference towards own duties; dislike of garlands and external applications; difficulty in deglutition; aversion to sweet food; liking for sour food; liking for salty food; liking for pungent food; discoloration; eyes filled with tears; black-outs; displeasure/discontent; feeling of cold; tear-filled; agitated eyes; excessive sleeping; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; exhaustion without exertion; disregard for better advice; aversion to sweet food; severe thirst; wavering like and dislike of sound without any reason; wavering like and dislike of agni/warmth without any reason; wavering like and dislike of water without any reason; stumbling gait; burning eyes. jvarapūrvarupam ज्वरपूर्वरुपम् ITA-5.6.3 Fever due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: unusual/irregular type of onset; unusual/ irregular type of remission/settling of fever; temperature difference between body parts; variations in severity of fever; onset of fever at the end of digestion; onset of fever in the evening; onset of fever in the early morning; onset of fever at the end of summer; rise in fever at the end of digestion; rise in fever in the evening; rise in fever in the early morning; rise in fever at the end of summer; rough nails; rough eyes; rough face/mouth; rough urine; rough faeces; rough skin; dark red-coloured nails; dark red-coloured eyes; dark red-coloured face; dark red-coloured urine; dark red-coloured faeces; dark red-coloured skin; severe cracking of nails; severe expanding sensation in eyes; severe expanding/cracking sensation in mouth; severe suppression of micturition; severe suppression of defecation; severe cracking of skin; various types of. pain in body parts; numbness in feet; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; looseness in knee joints; looseness in joints; fatigue in thighs; breaking type of pain in lower back; breaking type of pain in flanks; breaking type of pain in back; breaking type of pain in shoulders; breaking type of pain in arms; breaking type of pain in shoulderblade; breaking type of pain in chest; cutting type of pain in lower back; cutting type of pain in flanks; cutting type of pain in back; cutting type of pain in shoulders; cutting type of pain in arms; cutting type of pain in shoulderblades; cutting type of pain in chest; crushing feeling in the lower back; crushing feeling in the flanks; crushing feeling in the back; crushing feeling in the shoulders; crushing feeling in the arms; crushing feeling in the shoulderblade; crushing feeling in the chest; churning feeling in the lower back; churning feeling in the flanks; churning feeling in the back; churning feeling in the shoulders; churning feeling in the arms; churning feeling in the shoulderblade; churning feeling in the chest; broken feeling in the lower back; broken feeling in the flanks; broken feeling in the back; broken feeling in the shoulders; broken feeling in the arms; broken feeling in the shoulderblade; broken feeling in the chest; splitting type of pain in lower back; splitting type of pain in sides of chest; splitting type of pain in back; splitting type of pain in shoulders; splitting type of pain in arms; splitting type of pain in shoulderblades; splitting type of pain in chest; constricting feeling in the lower back; constricting feeling in the sides of chest; constricting feeling in the back; constricting feeling in the shoulders; constricting feeling in the arms; constricting feeling in the shoulderblades; constricting feeling in the chest; jaw not able to perform its action/ immovable jaw; sound in the ear/tinnitus; sharp shooting pain in temporal region of head; astringent taste in the mouth; loss of taste of mouth/unability for perceive taste; dryness of mouth; dryness of palate; dry throat; thirst; stiffness of cardiac region; dry vomiting/nausea; dry cough; suppression of sneezing; suppression of eructations; stagnation of primary product of digestion; excessive salivation; loss of taste; indigestion; depression; yawning; flexion/bending of body; shivering/tremors; exhaustion/fatigue; giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sleeplessness; horripilation; sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; lack of warmth; irregular course of fever; dryness of lips; insomnia; sneezing; stiffness of body parts; dryness of body; headache; precordial pain/cardiac pain; body aches; hard stools; retained stool/constipation; abdominal distension; colicky pain in abdomen; unusual irritation; unusually mild behaviour; unusual pain; rigidity of legs/feet; stiffness of lower back; grinding pain in back; squeezing type of pain in abdomen; piercing type of pain especially in the sides of chest as if pierced by bone; as if beaten by whip on chest; churning type of pain in shoulders; breaking type of pain in arms; squeezing type of pain in shoulder/scapula; inability to eat; suppression of faeces; dryness of skin; dryness of mouth; dryness of eyes; dryness of nails; dryness of urine; dryness of faeces; slightly reddishcoloured skin; slightly reddish-coloured face; slightly reddishcoloured skin; slightly reddish-coloured nails; slightly reddishcoloured urine; slightly reddish-coloured faeces; aversion to food; anhidrosis/lack of sweating; thirst; horripilation; lack of warmth. vātajvaraḥ वातज्वरः ITA-5.6.4 Prodromal symptoms of fever due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by yawning as presenting complaint. Vātikajvarapūrvarūpam; वातिकज्वरपूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.6.5 Fever due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: onset of fever in the whole body at once; rise in fever in whole body at once; onset of fever in whole body while eating; rise in fever in whole body while eating; onset of fever at midday; rise in fever at midday; onset of fever at midnight; rise in fever at midnight; fever onset in śarad ṛtu/ autumn; rise in fever in śarad ṛtu/autumn; pungent taste in mouth; inflammation of nose; stomatitis; inflammation of throat; inflammation of lips; inflammation of palate; excessive thirst; intoxication; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; vomiting of pitta; diarrhoea; aversion to food; exhaustion; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; red-coloured patchy eruptions on skin; green coloration of nails; green-coloured eyes; green-coloured mouth/face; green-coloured urine; green-coloured faeces; green-coloured skin; yellow-coloured nail; yellow-coloured eyes; yellow-coloured face; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellow-coloured faeces; yellow-coloured skin; hyperpyrexia; severe burning sensation; desire for cold; aggravation with usage of nidāna and relief with upaśaya; reduced sleep/ sleeplessness; vomiting of pitta; perspiration; yellowish stools; yellowish urine; yellowish eyes; whole body involved at once; distress/discontent/restlessness; spitting of blood; sour belching/eructations; yellowishness of skin; yellowness of mouth/face; yellowish nails; bad odour from breath. paittikajvaraḥ पैत्तिकज्वरः ITA-5.6.6 Prodromal symptoms of fever due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by burning sensation in eyes as presenting complaint. paittikajvarapūrvarūpam पैत्तिकज्वरपूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.6.7 Fever due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: onset of fever in whole body at once; rise in fever in whole body at once; onset of fever after food; rise in fever after food; onset of fever in early morning; rise in fever in early morning; onset of fever in the first part of night; rise in fever in first part of night; onset of fever in spring or vasanta ṛtu; rise in fever in spring or vasanta ṛtu; sweet taste in mouth; heaviness; aversion to food; salivation/kapha oozing out; nausea; feeling as if heart is coated/wrapped; sensation of dampness/feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; vomiting; diminution of agni; excessive sleep; rigidity/stiffness; drowsiness/lassitude; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; coldness; whitishness of nails; whitishness of eyes; whitishness of face/mouth; light/whitishcoloured urine; light/whitish-coloured stool; whitish-coloured skin; excessive cold papules on body; lack of warmth; aggravation with usage of nidāna and relief with upaśaya; nausea/provocation of dosha; horripilation; obstruction in srotas; mild pain; not excessively raised temperature of body; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; loss of taste; dullness/frigidity/inactivity; obstruction in srotas; fever with low spike; cold catarrh; nausea; rigidity/stiffness; cold papules on body; raised circular patches on body/urticaria; low-grade rise of fever; lethargy; satiety; nausea/provocation of dosha; saltish taste in the mouth; excessive salivation. kaphajajvaraḥ कफजज्वरः ITA-5.6.8 Prodromal symptoms of fever due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by aversion to food as presenting complaint. Kaphajvarapūrvarūpam कफज्वरपूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.6.9 Fever due to vitiated kapha- vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling of cold/chills; heaviness; drowsiness/ lassitude; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; pain in small joints; stiffness of head; cold catarrh; cough; absence of perspiration; moderate rise of temperature; sleep; decrease in temperature; loss of taste; headache; cold catarrh; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; constipation; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; black-outs; giddiness or dizziness. kaphavātajajvaraḥ कफवातजज्वरः ITA-5.6.10 Fever due to vitiated vāta and pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: headache; breaking type of pain in small joints; burning sensation; horripilation; dryness in throat; dryness in the mouth; vomiting; thirst; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; loss of taste; insomnia; excessive talking; yawning; confusion/delirium; distress/discontent/ restlessness; sleeplessness; rigidity/stiffness; a feeling of darkness. vātapittajajvaraḥ वातपित्तजज्वरः ITA-5.6.11 Fever due to vitiated kapha and pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a fluctuating feeling of burning and coldness; fluctuating sweating and feeling of stiffness; suppression of sweating; confusion/delirium; cough; loss of taste; thirst; spitting of kapha; spitting of pitta; stickiness in the mouth; a bitter taste in the mouth; drowsiness/lassitude; no specific order of chills/cold; no specific order of stiffness; no specific order of sweating; no specific order of burning sensation. kaphapittajajvaraḥ कफपित्तजज्वरः ITA-5.6.12 Fever due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: all the clinical features mentioned above; a fluctuating feeling of burning and coldness; tinnitus; otalgia; cough; non-emaciation; dumbness/aphasia; heaviness of abdomen; insomnia; giddiness or dizziness; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; drowsiness/lassitude; numbness of body; loss of taste; thirst; confusion/delirium; intoxication; rigidity/stiffness; burning sensation; feeling of cold/chills; precordial pain/cardiac pain; delayed suppuration of dosha; insanity; brown-reddish teeth; roughness of tongue; blackishness of tongue; pain in joints; headache; bone pains; curved/stooping of eyes; turbid eyes; tinnitus; otalgia; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; inflammation in srotasa; constant cooing sound from throat; loss of consciousness; minimal sweating; diminished micturition/oliguria; decreased defecation; prolonged sweating; micturition after a long time; defecation after a long time; repeated burning sensation; repeated cold/chills; excessive daytime sleep; sleeplessness at night; constant sleepiness; sleeeplessness; severe perspiration; anhidrosis/ lack of sweating; perverted singing/dancing/laughing; watery eyes/eyes filled with tears; turbid eyes; reddish-coloured eyes; curved/stooping of eyes; eyes with shaking/trembling eyelids; pain in calf muscles; pain in sides of chest/flanks; severe headache; pain in small joints; pain in bones; sensation in the throat as if full of bristles; tongue looks as if burnt; roughness of tongue; heaviness of body; flaccidity/ laxity; loose joints; spitting of blood; spitting of pitta; spitting of kapha; wagging of head; appearance of kotha; appearance of reddish brown circular patches; appearance of reddish circular patches; obstruction to passage of faeces; scanty faeces; excessive defecation; unctuous face; diminution of physical strength; loss of voice. sannipātajajvaraḥ सन्निपातजज्वरः ITA-5.6.13 Fever due to external factors/reasons Fever caused by exogenous factors such as trauma and infection and mental factors. āgantujajvaraḥ आगन्तुजज्वरः ITA-5.6.14 Intermittent fever, fever with no fixed course or pattern A disorder characterized by initiation of a feeling of hotness, temperature at specific body parts such as head or feet; varied temperature, e.g. high temperature alternating with profuse sweating and coldness; intermittent pattern of temperature spike. viṣamajvaraḥ विषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.15 Intermittent fever spiking twice daily A disorder characterized by a fever spike twice every twenty-four hours satataviṣamajvaraḥ सततविषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.16 Continuous fever A disorder characterized by continuous fever without a break. santataviṣamajvaraḥ सन्ततविषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.17 Intermittent fever spiking once daily A disorder characterized by a fever spike once every twenty-four hours. anyedyuṣkaviṣamajvaraḥ अन्येद्युष्कविषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.18 Intermittent fever spiking every third day A disorder characterized by a recurrent fever spike on alternate days, i.e. every third day. tṛtīyakaviṣamajvaraḥ तृतीयकविषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.19 Intermittent fever recurring every third day due to predominance of kapha and pitta A disorder characterized by stiffness of sacroiliac region. kaphapittatṛtīyakajvaraḥ कफपित्ततृतीयकज्वरः ITA-5.6.20 Intermittent fever recurring every third day due to predominance of vata and kapha A disorder characterized by stiffness of back or pruśṭha. vātakaphatṛtīyakajvaraḥ वातकफतृतीयकज्वरः ITA-5.6.21 Intermittent fever recurring every third day due to predominance of vata and pitta A disorder characterized by stiffness of head/headache. vātapittatṛtīyakajvaraḥ वातपित्ततृतीयकज्वरः ITA-5.6.22 Intermittent fever recurring every fourth day A disorder characterized by a recurrent fever spike every fourth day. caturthakaviṣamajvaraḥ चतुर्थकविषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.23 Intermittent fever recurring every fourth day due to predominance of vāta A disorder characterized by an initial affliction of the head. vātajacaturthakajvaraḥ वातजचतुर्थकज्वरः ITA-5.6.24 Intermittent fever recurring every fourth day due to predominance of pitta pittajacaturthakajvaraḥ पित्तजचतुर्थकज्वरः ITA-5.6.25 Intermittent fiver recurring every fourth day due to predominance of kapha A disorder characterized by initial affliction of pain in calf muscles. kaphajacaturthakajvaraḥ कफजचतुर्थकज्वरः ITA-5.6.26 Intermittent fiver recurring every fourth day when fever persists for two days with one day remission A disorder characterized by a fever spike on the second and third days: the patient is free of fever at the beginning and end of every four-day period. caturthakaviparyayaviṣamajvaraḥ चतुर्थकविपर्ययविषमज्वरः ITA-5.6.27 Persistent low-grade fever due to vitiated vata and kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: constant low-grade fever; dryness; oedema; exhaustion or tiredness of body; rigidity of body; predominance of kapha. vātabalāsakajvaraḥ वातबलासकज्वरः ITA-5.6.28 Fever due to vitiated primaryproduct of digestion A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness; apathy; agitation/anxiety; exhaustion; vomiting; loss of taste; hot sensation externally; generalized body aches; yawning; burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; nausea/provocation of dosha; breaking type of pain in body. rasadhātugatajvaraḥ रसधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.29 Fever due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and raktadhātugatajvaraḥ symptoms: a papular rash filled with rakta or red-coloured pustules; a hot-feeling papular rash; thirst; repeated haemoptysis; burning sensation; redness/congestion; giddiness or dizziness; intoxication; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; perspiration; vomiting; papules/eruptions; confusion/delirium. रक्तधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.30 Fever due to vitiated muscle A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and māṃsadhātugatajvaraḥ symptoms: a burning sensation inside the body thirst; confusion/delirium; fatigued mind and body; easy passage of stools; bad odour; convulsive movements of limbs; claudication/ cramp in the calf muscles; easy passage of urine; burning sensation externally; giddiness or dizziness; black-outs. मांसधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.31 Fever due to vitiated fat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: perspiration; excessive thirst; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; repeated vomiting; intolerance of personal smell; fatigued mind and body; loss of taste; syncope or swooning; vomiting; bad odour; intolerance. medodhātugatajvaraḥ मेदोधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.32 Fever due to vitiated bone A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: purgation and emesis; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; cooing like a pigeon; convulsive movements of limbs; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; purging; vomiting; upward and downward expulsion of dosha. asthidhātugatajvaraḥ अस्थिधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.33 Fever due to vitiated bone marrow A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; feeling of entering into absolute darkness/black-outs; affects/damage of marmasthāna; internal burning and external coldness; burning sensation internally; rigors/chills; laboured breathing; vomiting. majjādhātugatajvaraḥ मज्जाधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.34 Fever due to vitiated seminal tissue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: spermatorrhoea; death; death; persistent penile priapism; black-outs; impacts/damage to marmasthāna. śukradhātugatajvaraḥ शुक्रधातुगतज्वरः ITA-5.6.35 Fever in which dosha and symptoms are located in viscera, vulnerable locations, joints and connective tissue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation inside the body excessive thirst; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; giddiness or dizziness; pain in joints; bone pains; anhidrosis/lack of sweating; suppression of dosha; suppression of stools; high-grade fever; pronounced symptoms of jvara; internal burning sensation; constipation. antarvegajvaraḥ अन्तर्वेगज्वरः ITA-5.6.36 Fever in which dosha and A disorder characterized by high-grade external temperature; symptoms are located in decreased severity of thirst. supportive tissues bahirvegajvaraḥ बहिर्वेगज्वरः ITA-5.6.37 Fever due to ama, initial stage of fever, ama stage of fever A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and āmajajvaraḥ symptoms: loss of taste; indigestion; heaviness of abdomen; a feeling of precordial fullness; drowsiness/lassitude; lethargy; nonsubsiding fever; hyperpyrexia; suppression of faeces and urine; excessive salivation; nausea; loss of appetite; unpleasant taste in mouth; stiffness of body parts; numbness of limbs; heaviness of body parts; frequent excessive micturition; improperly formed faecal matter; absence of muscle wasting; feeling as if the heart is wrapped; constipation; anhidrosis/lack of sweating; distress/discontent/restlessness; sleepiness; diminution of agni; poor oral hygiene; severe obstruction; exacerbated complications of fever. आमजज्वरः ITA-5.6.38 Intermediate stage of fever, phase between ama stage and post-ama stage of fever A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: high-grade fever; thirst; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; giddiness or dizziness; loose stools; nausea/ provocation of dosha. pacyamānajvaraḥ पच्यमानज्वरः ITA-5.6.39 Fever devoid- of ama, post-ama stage of fever A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: return of appetite; wasted/dried up/emaciated; feeling of lightness in body parts; lessening of fever/mild fever; passage of excreta; absence of clinical features of āmajvara. nirāmaḥ निरामज्वरः ITA-5.7.1 Diarrhoea Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or more frequent passage than is normal for the individual). Frequent passage of formed stools or loose “pasty” stools by breastfed babies do not qualify as diarrhoea. atisāra अतिसार ITA-5.7.2 Prodromal symptoms of diarrhoea A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: needling pain in heart; needling pain in umbilicus; needling pain in anus; needling pain in abdomen/sides; needing pain in abdominal organs; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; suppression of flatus; retention of faeces; abdominal distension; indigestion. atisārapūrvarūpam अतिसारपूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.7.3 Diarrhoea due to vitiated vata Diarrhoea due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: defecation of faeces with higher water content/ watery stools; faeces with unformed stools; broken/unformed stools; stools sink in water; dry stools; watery stools; defecation with pain; stools smelling like raw meat; defecation with little sound; suppression of urine; suppression of flatus; barborygmi/ gurgling sound of intestines; anal/rectal prolapse; exhausted back; exhausted thighs; exhausted calf muscles; small quantities; frothy faecal matter; dry faecal matter; dark brown colour; faeces with flatus; defecation with loud sound; formed stools; clear stools; compact stools; frequent defecation; stools resembling burnt jaggery; frothy stools with cutting pain in anus; dry mouth; horripilation; slightly reddish faecal matter; gripping pain; gurgling sound; loud groaning. vataja-atisāraḥ वातज-अतिसारः ITA-5.7.4 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: defecation of yellow-coloured stools; defecation of greenish stools; bluish stools; black stools; stools with blood and pitta; foul stools; thirst; burning sensation; perspiration; syncope or swooning; colicky pain in abdomen; burning sensation at anus; suppuration of anus; heat; rapid stools; stools resembling raw meat washings; watery/unformed stools; severe form; yellowish stool; bluish stool; bloody stool; fever; defecation of grassy stools. pittaja-atisāraḥ पित्तज-अतिसारः ITA-5.7.5 Diarrhoea due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and kaphaja-atisāraḥ symptoms: defecation of greasy/unctuous stools; whitish faeces; slimy faeces; faeces with fibres/threads; faeces with ama/unformed stools; heavy stools; foul odour; faeces mixed with mucus; associated with pain; scanty stools; frequent defecation; defecation with straining; heaviness in abdomen; heaviness in anus; heaviness in urinary bladder or basti; heaviness in groin region; feeling of incomplete defecation; horripilation; nausea/provocation of dosha; sleepiness; exhaustion; person with aversion to food; drowsiness/lassitude; loose stools; viscid faeces without sound; thick stools; formed stools; defecation of faeces of cold nature. कफज-अतिसारः ITA-5.7.6 Diarrhoea due to ama A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stools of various colours; pain during defecation; stools sink in water; very foul-smelling stool; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; constipation/abdominal fullness; pain; excessive salivation; split/broken/unformed stools; stools with mucus. āmātisāraḥ आमातिसारः ITA-5.7.7 Diarrhoea due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stool mixed with blood; thirst; colicky pain in the abdomen; internal burning sensation; proctitis; fever; burning sensation. raktātisāraḥ रक्तातिसारः ITA-5.8.1 Dysentery A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: strained defecation, stools mixed with blood; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; internal burning sensation; proctitis; fever; burning sensation. pravāhikā प्रवाहिका ITA-5.9.1 Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients Malabsorption develops in persons who have been treated for diarrhoea but still have poor digestion; as well as in those with poor digestion who indulge in unsuitable foods and activities. Due to provoked dosha, the grahani becomes affected and impairs agni functions. It is characterized by undigested food matter within stools/faeces with āma/unformed stools (vimuñcati āma-mala-pravr̥ttiḥ/bhuktamāmaṁ vimuṁcation); expulsion of digested food; painful defecation; faeces with foul odour; formed stools interspersed with loose stools; faeces mixed with āma; faeces mixed with food; faeces mixed with undigested food; sudden well-formed hard stools; sudden onset of loose stools; longstanding pedal oedema; oedema on hands; emaciated/thin/malnourished person; pain in small joints; greediness; thirst; vomiting; fever; loss of taste; burning sensation; acidic eructation; bitter belchings/ eructations; sour belching/eructation; eructation with metallic smell; eructation with smoky smell; eructation with smell of raw meat; excessive salivation; dysgeusia/tastelessness; black-outs and loss of taste. grahaṇīroga ग्रहणीरोग ITA-5.9.2 Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of agni or digestive power; difficulty in digesting food; fermentation of food; roughness of body; dryness in throat; dryness in mouth; appetite; thirst; errors of refraction/partial blindness; tinnitus; excess pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in thighs; severe/constant pain in groins; severe/constant pain in neck; indigestion with vomiting and diarrhoea with colicky pain; precordial pain/ cardiac pain; emaciation; weakness; altered taste in mouth; cutting type of pain in anal region; craving for various tastes; mental depression; flatulence after digestion of food; flatulence during digestion of food; sense of well-being after taking meals; anxious about developing vātagulma; anxious about developing cardiac disease; anxious about developing splenomegaly; takes long time to evacuate bowels; defecation with pain; stools liquid in nature; stool in dry state; stool in less quantity; stool with āma; stool accompanied with loud sound; frothy stools; repeatedly passing stool; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; severe pain in anus; pain in precordium/cardiac region; severe pain in abdomen; severe pain in head; dryness of palate; anxious about having haemorrhoids; suspicion of pandu rōga. vātaja grahaṇīroga वातज ग्रहणीरोग ITA-5.9.3 Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: indigestion; defecation of blue, yellowcoloured stools; defecation of yellow-coloured stools; stools liquid in nature; putrid eructations; sour belching/eructations; burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in throat; loss of taste; thirst. pittaja grahaṇīroga पित्तज ग्रहणीरोग ITA-5.9.4 Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients. due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: difficulty in digesting food; nausea; vomiting; loss of taste; sticky feeling in mouth; sweetness in mouth; cough; spitting/excess expectoration; cold/catarrh; feeling as if cardiac region/heart distended; motionless abdomen; heavy abdomen; unpleasant eructations; sweet eructations; exhaustion; not interested in sexual indulgence with women; passage of unformed faeces; defecation of stools with mucus; defecation of bulky/heavy stools; weakness despite lack of emaciation; lethargy; heaviness. kaphajagrahaṇīroga कफजग्रहणीरोग ITA-5.9.5 Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: indigestion; defecation of blue, yellowcoloured stools; defecation of yellow-coloured stools; stools liquid in nature; putrid eructations; sour belching/eructations; burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in the throat; loss of taste; thirst. sannipātaja grahaṇīroga सन्निपातजग्रहणीरोग ITA-5.10.1 Haemorrhoids Vitiated dosha affecting the skin, flesh and fat and causing sprout-like growths of flesh in various patterns in the anal region. arśaḥ अर्शः ITA-5.10.2 Haemorrhoids due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; lethargy; weakness; exhaustion; defecation of liquid faeces; defecation of faeces of cold nature; defecation of dense faeces; defecation of unctuous faeces; low back pain; undigested food matter within stools/defecation of faeces along with āma; defecation of stools in bulky amounts; defecation of mucoid stools; defecation of stool along with sound; defecation of stool with mild pain; attacks of diarrhoea occurring every fortnight month; ten days; attacks of diarrhoea occurring daily; condition worsening during the daytime; condition subsiding at night; inability to diagnose; inability to diagnose; persistent/longstanding. vātajārśaḥ वातजार्शः ITA-5.10.3 Haemorrhoids due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: soft; flabby; delicate; red; tender pile-mass associated with discharge smelling like raw meat; thin; red in colour with burning sensation; itching; colicky pain; pricking pain and suppuration; The stool is loose yellow or green; The patient suffers from morbid thirst; fever; asthma; fainting and dislike for food; nails; eyes; skin; urine and stool are yellow in colour. pittajārśaḥ पित्तजार्शः ITA-5.10.4 Haemorrhoids due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: proportionate polyps; heaped anal sprouts; nonsensitive to touch; whitish anal sprouts; pale anal sprouts; noncompressible haemorrhoids; heavy; haemorrhoids appear as if wrapped in a wet cloth; numb sensation; fixed swelling; intense itching; heavy dishcarge from deeply rooted haemorrhoidal mass; continuous discharge; coppery brown discharge from haemorrhoidal mass; whitish discharge; blood discharge; slimy discharge; heavy urination; heavy thick stools; turbid urine; slimy faeces; whitish urine; whitish faeces; improved with dry mode of treatment; improved with hot mode of treatment; dysentery; excessive enlargement; distension in groin region; cutting type of pain; spitting of sputum; haemorrhoids with broad pedicle; condensed peduncle in anal region; haemorrhoids with mild pain; haemorrhoids white in colour; raised; heaped; unctuous haemorrhoids; noncompressible haemorrhoids; round haemorrhoids; heavy haemorrhoids; fixed haemorrhoids; slimy haemorrhoidal mass; haemorrhoids appear as if wrapped in a wet cloth; glossy haemorrhoidal mass; intense itching; improved by touch; thorny appearance; haemorrhoidal mass resembling a panasa; haemorrhoidal mass resembling a cow’s udder; swelling in the inguinal region; stretching sensation in the anal region; stretching sensation in the urinary bladder region or basti; stretching sensation in the umbilical region; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; nausea; excessive salivation; loss of taste; chronic rhinitis; frequent and excessive micturition; dysuria; heaviness in the head; heaviness; dysuria; dryness/wasting/emaciation; oedema; pallor/pale; urolithiasis; mutiple gravely particles in urine; feeling as if heart is coated/wrapped; feeling as if sense organs are coated; sweetness in mouth; excessive urination; chronic nature; excessive diminution of agni; excessive impotency; whitish nails; whitish eyes; whitish face; whitish discoloration of skin; whitish urine; whitish faeces; whitish teeth; fever with rigors; inability to perform sexual act/ impotence; diminution of agni; vomiting; leading to amavikara; faeces with fat-like appearance; faeces mixed with kapha; faeces passed with tenesmus; no discharge; no bursting; pallor; pale nails; pale faeces; pale urine; pallor in eyes; pale face; unctuous skin; unctuous nails; unctuous faeces; unctuous urine; unctuous eyes; unctuous face; faeces resembling raw meat washings; loose stool in large quantity; indigestion; heaviness of head. kaphajārśaḥ कफजार्शः ITA-5.10.5 Haemorrhoids due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms fleshy growths; anal obstruction; polyps of different shape and size; severe emaciation; lack of energy; timidity or apathy; blackish discoloration; lack of glow; paleness; loss of lustre; resembling a tree afflicted by worms; associated with complications caused due to marma pīḍa; cough; thirst; unpleasant taste in the mouth; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; breaking type of pain in body; sneezing; swelling; fever; inability to perform sexual act/ impotence; deafness/hearing impairment; errors of refraction/ partial blindness; mutiple gravely particles in urine; weak and feeble voice; hoarseness of voice; staring look; spitting/ excessive expectoration; loss of taste; pain in small joints; bone pains; pain in precordium/cardiac region; pain in umbilical region; pain in anus; pain in groin region; slimy discharge from anus; ricewater discharge from anus; occasional constipation; occasional normal bowels; sometimes wet; sometimes dry; sometimes ripened; sometimes unripened; pale-coloured stools; yellow stools; greenish stools; reddish stools; slimy stools. raktajārśaḥ रक्तजार्शः ITA-5.10.6 Haemorrhoids due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a hard polyp at the anus; polyp of dry nature; polyp of various sizes; severe pain; convulsive movements; pricking pain; pulsating sensation; anal region hyperaesthesia; relief with unctuous treatment; relief with hot treatment; abdominal distension; penile stiffness; scrotal stiffness; stiffness of urinary bladder or basti; stiffness of groin region; excessive stiffness of cardiac region; severe body aches; heart palpitations; constant suppression of flatus; constant suppression of urine; pain in thighs; low back pain; pain in sacroiliac region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in abdomen; pain in urinary bladder or basti; burning sensation in the head; cold catarrh; cough; upward movement of vata due to obstruction; stretching of body; dryness/wasting/ emaciation; oedema; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; dysgeusia/loss of taste; errors of refraction/partial blindness; itching; nasal pain; earache; pain in temporal region; suppression of voice; dark-coloured nails; dark-coloured eyes; dark-coloured face; dark-coloured skin; dark-coloured urine; dark-coloured faeces; slightly reddish-coloured nails; slightly reddish-coloured eyes; slightly reddish-coloured face; slightly reddish-coloured skin; slightly reddish-coloured urine; slightly reddish-coloured faeces; rough nails; roughness of eyes; roughness of mouth/face; rough/dry skin; roughness of urine; roughness of faeces; dry anal sprouts; reddish anal sprouts; discoloured anal sprouts; anal sprouts with irregular growth; tubular anal sprouts; flowerbud-sized anal sprouts; anal sprouts resembling sharp needles; painful defecation; defecation of hard stools; penile pain; proctalgia; pain in umbilical region; dissimilar appearances in different haemorrhoid masses; dry anal sprouts; anal sprouts with a tingling sensation; dirty looking anal sprouts; blackish anal sprouts; reddish anal sprouts; noncompressible haemorrhoids; clear anal sprouts; rough anal sprouts; rough peduncle in perianal region; twisted; sharp tipped; cracked; opened-mouthed; resembling the bimbi fruit; resembling the kharjūra fruit; resembling the karkandhu fruit; resembling the karpasi fruit; resembling the kadamba flower; resembling siddhārthaka; severe pain in head; severe pain in sides; pain in scapular regions; pain in waist; severe pain in thighs; pain in groin region; sneezing; eructations; constipation/abdominal fullness; constricting pain in cardiac region; loss of taste; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; impairment of agni; tinnitus; giddiness or dizziness; scybalous faeces; faeces in small amounts; stool with production of sound; stool passed with griping; stool passed with pain; stool passed with froth; mucilaginous stool passage; impacted stool; blackish discoloration of skin; blackish discoloration of nails; blackish discoloration of faeces; blackish disoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of faeces; blackish discoloration of teeth; raising suspicion of gulma; raising suspicion of splenomegaly; raising suspicion of ascites; raising suspicion of prostatic enlargement; irregular centre; about cotton-plant size. sannipātajārśaḥ सन्निपातजार्शः ITA-5.10.7 Congenital haemorrhoids A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: tender anal sprouts; tenderness in anal sprouts; perspiring; wet; bluish tips; reddish coloration; yellowish-coloured haemorrhoidal mass; blackish-coloured anal sprouts; thin sanguinous discharge; yellowish discharge; haemorrhoidal mass with blood discharge; with blood flow; itching; pain; pricking type of pain; relief with cold; faeces in large quantity; excessive urination/polyuria; black-outs; unconsciousness/confusion; aversion to food; bluish tips; spreading; yellowish; diarrhoea with blood; yellowish teeth; foul odour; few in number; soft haemorrhoidal mass; elongated/lax; resembling a parrot’s tongue; resembling a piece of liver; resembling a leech’s mouth; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; fever; perspiration; thirst; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; confusion/delirium; hot; stools liquid in nature; bluish stool; hot stools; yellowish stools; passage of unformed. faeces; stools with blood; barleyshaped in the middle; green coloration of skin and nails; green-coloured urine; green-coloured eyes; green coloration of face; yellowishness of skin; yellowish nails; yellowish stools; yellowish urine; yellowish eyes; yellow coloration of face; yellow-coloured skin; yellow-coloured nail; yellowcoloured faeces; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellowcoloured eyes; yellow-coloured face; anal sprouts smelling of raw meat; passage of unformed faeces. sahajārśaḥ सहजार्शः ITA-5.10.8 Haemorrhoids due to any two vitiated dosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anal sprouts resembling Indian fig tree shoots; haemorrhoidal mass resembling gunja or coral; clinical features of pitta type of arśa; pressed by hard faeces; excessive bleeding; severely vitiated blood discharge; frequent bleeding; features similar to those of paittik; haemorrhoidal mass resembling banyan tree sprouts; sudden discharge of excessively vitiated and hot blood; suffering from various diseases due to blood loss; resembling a frog; dull complexion; loss of energy; loss of drive; loss of vitality; depressed sensory organs. dvandvaja-arśaḥ  द्वन्द्वज-अर्शः ITA-5.11.1 Subdued digestive, metabolic factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: difficulty in digestion of food after a long time even though of proper quantity; heaviness of abdomen; heaviness of head; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; excessive salivation; vomiting; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; abdominal distension; constipation; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; dryness of mouth; inactivity/ inertia of anus. mandāgniḥ मन्दाग्निः ITA-5.11.2 Excessive digestive, metabolic factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rapid digestion of food of varied quantity and quality. atyagniḥ/ bhasmakaḥ अत्यग्निः / भस्मकः ITA-5.11.3 Irregular digestive, metabolic factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: ability to digest properly at times proper digestion of food of varied quantity and improper digestion in spite of proper quantity of food; abdominal distension; colicky pain in abdomen; upward movement of gases with retention of stool and urine; diarrhoea; heaviness in the abdomen; borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; straining at defecation. viṣamāgniḥ विषमाग्निः ITA-5.11.4 Indigestion A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: constipation/abdominal fullness; exhaustion; headache; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back; yawning; generalized body aches; thirst; fever; vomiting; straining at defecation; loss of taste; indigestion; burning sensation; diseases of the mouth; amlapitta; signs of rājayakṣma; cold catarrh; frequent and excessive micturition; constipation; excessive defecation; fatigued mind and body; suppression of intra-abdominal gas movements; heaviness. ajīrṇam अजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.5 Indigestion due to vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe needling type of pain; severe colicky pain; obstructed flatus; reverse movements of vata due to obstruction; constipation; abdominal distension; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; various other vata disorders; non passing of the flatus; rigidity,stiffness; confusion,delirium; body aches. viṣṭabdhājīrṇam, vātajājīrṇam विष्टब्धाजीर्णम्, वातजाजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.6 Indigestion due to putrefaction of gastric juices A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: incomplete digestion; acid reflux; thirst; confusion/delirium; giddiness or dizziness; sour belching/ eructations; burning sensations; syncope or swooning; various other disorders; smoky and acidic eructations; perspiration. vidagdhājīrṇam/ pittajājīrṇam विदग्धाजीर्णम्/ पित्तजाजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.7 Indigestion due to sluggish gut motility, vitiation of kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling around the eyes; swelling in the cheek; eructations appear to be of same nature as food; eructations appearing as if had just eaten; excessive salivation; nausea/provocation of dosha; heaviness; non-sour eructations. āmājīrṇam/ kaphajājīrṇam आमाजीर्णम्/कफजाजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.8 Indigestion due to remnant of unabsorbable primary product of digestion) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clear eructations but with continuing aversion to food; heaviness in cardiac region; excessive salivation; cardiac pain in spite of clear eructations; precordial discomfort with nausea; heaviness. rasaśeṣajanya-ajīrṇam रसशेषजन्य-अजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.9 Indigestion, when food takes a full day to get digested dinapāki-ajīrṇam दिनपाकि-अजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.10 Indigestion recurring every day prativāsara-ajīrṇam प्रतिवासर-अजीर्णम् ITA-5.11.11 Intumescence of abdomen with constipation and flatus; delayed and obstructive digestive process A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: marked abdominal distension; a sinking feeling; borborygmi; obstructed flatus leading to reversed peristalsis; obstruction of faeces; suppression of thirst; suppression of eructations; colicky pain in abdomen; borborygmi with distension; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; contraction movement of sira; rigidity of sira; tremors; rigidity/stiffness; fever; burning sensation inside the body; thirst; intoxication; giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; loss of taste; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy; heaviness of body parts; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/excessive expectoration. alasaka-ajīrṇam अलसक-अजीर्णम् ITA-5.12.1 Acute, severe gastroenteritis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a needling type of pain in body; expulsion of āma from upper and lower orifices; i.e. mouth and anus; syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; vomiting; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; yawning; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sunken eyes; severe headache; severe pain in cardiac region; contraction movement of head; rigidity of head; loss of thirst; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; burning sensation; discoloration; intoxication; tremors; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; headache; borborygmi with distension; rigidity/stiffness; fever; feeling of heaviness in body; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/excessive expectoration; loss of taste; excessive salivation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy. visūcikā विसूचिका ITA-5.12.2 Complications of gastroenteritis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: insomnia; distress/discontent/restlessness; tremors; retention of urine; loss of consciousness. visūcikā-upadravaḥ विसूचिका-उपद्रवः ITA-5.13.1 External worm infestation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/ eruptions; nodular swelling. bāhyajakṛmiḥ बाह्यजकृमिः ITA-5.13.2 Head lice infestation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/ eruptions; nodular swelling. yūkā यूका ITA-5.13.3 Nit infestation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/ eruptions; nodular swelling. likṣā लिक्षा ITA-5.13.4 Internal worm infestation ābhyantara-kṛmiḥ आभ्यन्तर-कृमिः ITA-5.13.5 Worm or parasite arising from vitiated kapha; residing in stomach and small intestine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of taste; indigestion; borborygmi with distension; salivation; emaciation; sneezing; vomiting; fever; cold catarrh; syncope or swooning; nausea; yawning; generalized body aches; roughness/dryness. kaphajakṛmiḥ कफजकृमिः [अन्त्रादः, उदरादः, हृदयचरः, चुरवः, दर्भपुष्पः, सौगन्धिकः, महागुदा] ITA-5.13.6 Worm or parasite arising from faeces; residing in large intestine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; pruritis ani; pallor; roughness/ dryness; horripilation; altered faeces/loose motions; constipation/abdominal fullness; colicky pain; severe irritation at anus; itching at the anal margins; hyperaesthesia at anal margins; anal expulsion of worms. purīṣajakṛmiḥ [kakerukaḥ makerukaḥ, lelihaḥ saśūlakaḥ, sausurādaḥ/ sausūlakaḥ] पुरीषजकृमिः [ककेरुकः, मकेरुकः, लेलिहः, सशूलकः, सौसुरादः/ सौसूलकः] ITA-5.13.7 Worm formed in blood and affecting blood vessels A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a bristling sense, paraesthesia at wound site or hyperaesthesia; itching, pain, and feeling of creeping/ crawling of worms at wound site; devouring of skin; devouring of vessels; devouring of tendons; devouring of muscle worms; devouring of cartilage; loss of hair; loss of moustache; loss of nails; loss of body hairs; loss of eyelashes; diseases of blood/ bloodborne diseases. śoṇitajakṛmiḥ/ raktajakṛmiḥ [keśādaḥ, romādaḥ/ lomādaḥ, lomavidhvaṃsaḥ, lomadvīpaḥ saurasaḥ, audumbaraḥ,] शोणितजकृमिः/ रक्तजकृमिः [केशादः, रोमादः/ लोमादः, लोमविध्वंसः, लोमद्वीपः, सौरसः, औदुम्बरः] ITA-5.14.1 Anaemic syndrome A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a constant sound in the ear; destroyed agni; weakness; exhaustion; aversion to food; exhaustion/fatigue; giddiness or dizziness; body pain; fever; difficulty in breathing; heaviness of body; loss of taste; rubbing type of pain in body; squeezing type of pain in body; body feels as if being churned; swelling of ocular orbits; greenish discoloration of body; fragility/loss of body hair; loss of lustre; anger/irritability; aversion to cold; sleepiness; spitting/excessive expectoration; reduced talking; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; low back pain; pain in thighs; pain in feet; feeling of weakness of hip region; fatigue/weakness in thighs; feeling of weakness of feet/legs; exertion/dyspnoea on climbing; laxity/looseness of dhātu; decreased quality of ojas; reduced raktadhātu/ depletion of rakta; reduced medodhātu/depletion of medodhātu; reduction in sāra of dhātu/sapless/weakness; laxity of organs of physical action, i.e. hands, legs and tongue (karmendriya), and cognitive organs (jñanendriya); heart palpitations; weakness of limbs/motionlessness. A complex disorder representing various conditions: anaemia, liver derangement, splenic disorders, etc. pāṇḍurogaḥ पाण्डुरोगः ITA-5.14.2 Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pale black dryness of body; slight reddish discoloration of body; generalized body aches; pain; pricking pain; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; tremors; decreased amount of faecal matter; unpleasant taste in mouth; oedema; borborygmi with distension; loss of physical strength or weakness; blackish discoloration of eyes; covered with blackish veins; blackish discoloration of faeces; blackish disoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of nails; blackish discoloration of face; blackish discoloration of veins; slightly reddish discoloration of faeces; slightly reddish discoloration of urine; slightly reddish discoloration of nails; slightly reddish discoloration of eyes; slightly reddish discoloration of veins; dryness of faecal matter; reduced unctuousness of urine; dryness of nails; dry eyes; dryness of veins; giddiness or dizziness. vātajapāṇḍurogaḥ वातजपाण्डुरोगः ITA-5.14.3 Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yellowish discoloration of faeces; yellowish discoloration of urine; yelllowish discoloration of eyes; yellowish veins; covered with yellow veins; yellowish discoloration of face; greenish discoloration of faeces; greenish discoloration of urine; greenish discoloration of veins; greenish discoloration of nails; greenish discoloration of face; fever; burning sensation; thirst; syncope or swooning; thirst; excessive sweating; desire for cold; lack of desire for food; pungent taste in mouth; aggravation of clinical features due to exposure to heat; aggravation of clinical features due to intake of sour foods; sour belching/eructations; indigestion leading to acidic food; bad body odour; passage of unformed. faeces; weakness; black-outs; excessive yellowish tinge. pittajapāṇḍurogaḥ पित्तजपाण्डुरोगः ITA-5.14.4 Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness; drowsiness/lassitude; vomiting; whitish discoloration of body; whitish discoloration of eyes; covered with whitish veins; whitish discoloration of faeces; whitish discoloration of urine; whitish discoloration of nails; whitish discoloration of face; excessive salivation; horripilation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; exhaustion without exertion; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; lethargy; loss of taste; obstructed speech; obstructed voice; desire for pungent taste; desire for dryness; desire for heat; oedema; sweet taste in the mouth; salty taste in the mouth; diminution of voice/loss of voice; whitish discoloration of skin. kaphajapāṇḍurogaḥ कफजपाण्डुरोगः ITA-5.14.5 Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated tridosha sannipātajapāṇḍurogaḥ सन्निपातजपाण्डुरोगः ITA-5.14.6 Anaemic syndrome due to pica or dirt-eating A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of strength; loss of agni; loss of normal body colour; swelling of malar region; supraorbital swelling; swelling of eyebrows; pedal oedema; periumbilical oedema; oedema of penis; worm infestation in abdomen; diarrhoea/ altered stools; worms in faecal matter; oedema of face; blood-mixed faecal matter; mucus-mixed faecal matter; mṛdbhakṣaṇajanya/ kṛmijapāṇḍurogaḥ मृद्भक्षणजन्य/ कृमिजपाण्डुरोगः ITA-5.15.1 Jaundice Excessive secretion of bile or obstruction to bile resulting in jaundice. kāmalā कामला ITA-5.15.2 Jaundice affecting predominantly the organs in the major inner cavity of the body A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessively yellow-coloured eyes; yellowcoloured skin; yellow-coloured nails; turmeric yellow discoloration of face; reddish faeces; reddish urine; yellowish faeces; body colour resembling a toad in colour; loss of sensory and motor organ functioning; burning sensations; indigestion; weakness; exhaustion; loss of taste; whitishness of face; extreme weakness of sensory organs; yellowish discoloration of urine; thirst; koṣṭhāśritakāmalā कोष्ठाश्रितकामला ITA-5.15.3 Jaundice affecting body tissues such as blood and limbs A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yellow-coloured eyes; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellow-coloured skin; whitish stools; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; constipation/abdominal fullness; heaviness of heart region; pitta entering into tvaca and dhātu with gradual development of weakness; gradual development of pain in sides of chest; gradual development of hiccups; gradual development of breathlessness; gradual development of loss of taste; gradual development of fever. śākhāśritakāmalā शाखाश्रितकामला ITA-5.15.4 Advanced stage of jaundice with painful, swollen joints A disorder characterized by excessive swelling; breaking type of pain in small joints; yellowish black stools, generalized oedema, bloody face, eyes, blood mixed vomitus, urine, tremors, burning sensation, excess thirst. constipation, loss of consciousness, loss of digestive and metabolic capacity. kumbhakāmalā कुम्भकामला ITA-5.15.5 Advanced stage of jaundice A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: green discoloration of the skin; yellowish discoloration of skin; bluish tinge to skin; blackish discoloration of skin; giddiness or dizziness; thirst; uninterested in sexual activity; mild fever; drowsiness/ lassitude; diminution of physical strength; diminution of agni; loss of vigour; generalized body aches; burning sensations; loss of taste. halīmakaḥ (loḍharaḥ) हलीमकः (लोढरः) ITA-5.16.1 Haemorrhage from external and internal orifices, bleeding disorders A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bleeding from body orifices in its upper part, i.e. mouth, nose, eyes and ears; bleeding from body orifices in its lower part, i.e. anus, penis and vagina; bleeding from both body parts; bleeding through hair follicles. raktapittam रक्तपित्तम् ITA-5.16.2 Haemorrhage due to predominance of vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blackish blood discharge; slightly reddish blood discharge; frothy blood discharge; reduced viscosity of blood discharge; reduced unctuousness of blood discharge. vātajaraktapittam वातजरक्तपित्तम् ITA-5.16.3 Haemorrhage due to predominance of pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: ochre-coloured blood discharge; blackcoloured blood discharge; blood discharge resembling the colour of cow’s urine; blood resembling the ocelli in a peacock’s tail; blood discharge resembling soot or collyrium. pittajaraktapittam पित्तजरक्तपित्तम् ITA-5.16.4 Haemorrhage due to predominance of kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharge of viscous blood; pale blood; oily blood; slimy blood; and mucoid blood. kaphajaraktapittam कफजरक्तपित्तम् ITA-5.16.5 Haemorrhage due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by the mixed symptoms of all types of raktapitta. sannipātikaraktapittam सन्निपातिकरक्तपित्तम् ITA-5.17.1 Consumption disorder complex, diminution of structural components rājayakṣmā राजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.2 Consumption due to withholding of natural urges A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; cough; hoarseness of voice; loss of taste; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; fever; crushing type of pain in shoulders; generalized body aches; frequent vomiting; diarrhoea/loose motions; depletion of purisha or faeces; irritation in the throat; irritation in the chest; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing. vegarodhajarājayakṣmā वेगरोधजराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.3 Consumption due to untimely food habit A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; excessive salivation; cough; vomiting; loss of taste; fever; burning sensation in the shoulders/scapula; haemoptysis; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; altered voice; colicky pain in abdomen; generalized body aches; ruined/broken voice; crushing type of pain in shoulders; diarrhoea; burning sensation inside the body; heaviness of head; traumatic chest/pulmonary trauma; weakness. viṣamāśanajarājayakṣmā विषमाशनजराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.4 Consumption due to depletion of body elements A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: joint dislocation/laxity; dryness; cold catarrh; fever; cough; generalized body aches; headache; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; altered stools/loose motions; loss of taste; pain in sides of chest/flanks; diminution of voice/loss of voice; burning sensation in the shoulders/ scapular region; weakness; depletion/drying up of muscle and blood; crushing type of pain in shoulders; delayed digestion/ indigestion; altered voice; traumatic chest/pulmonary trauma; haemoptysis. kṣayajarājayakṣmā क्षयजराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.5 Consumption due to excessive copulation A disorder characterized by pallor; signs of depletion of semen; depletion of earlier dhātu. vyavāyajanyarājayakṣmā व्यवायजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.6 Consumption due to excessive grief A disorder characterized by a constant thoughtful mood; flaccidity/laxity; pallor. śokajanyarājayakṣmā शोकजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.7 Consumption due to old age A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation/thinness/malnourishment; little virility/energy; mental dullness/stupidity; reduced physical strength; decreased ability of sense organs; tremors; loss of taste/afflicted with loss of taste; voice resembling the sound produced by a crackled bell or metal pot; minimal phlegm; afflicted with heaviness; watery discharge from the mouth; watery discharge from the nose; watery discharge from the eyes; dull appearance; passage of dry faeces; severe distress/discontent/restlessness. vārdhakyajanyarājayakṣmā/ jarāśoṣaḥ वार्धक्यजन्यराजयक्ष्मा/जराशोषः ITA-5.17.8 Consumption due to overexercise A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in chest; haematemesis; typical type of excessive cough; haematuria; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; stiffness of lumbar region/lower back; clinical features of traumatic chest/pulmonary trauma without injury. vyāyāmajanyarājayakṣmā व्यायामजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.9 Consumption due to excessive travel A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flaccidity/laxity; harsh/rough appearance; numbness of limbs, throat and face. adhvajanyarājayakṣmā अध्वजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.10 Consumption due to wounds A disorder characterized by diminution of rakta, pain. vraṇajanyarājayakṣmā व्रणजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ITA-5.17.11 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blood discharge from traumatic chest or pulmonary trauma; pus discharge from traumatic chest or pulmonary trauma; mucus discharge from traumatic chest/ pulmonary trauma; yellowish expectoration while coughing; expectoration of blood while coughing; blackish expectorant while coughing; reddish brown-coloured expectorant while coughing; chest feeling warm/hot; fainting due to excessive pain; foul odour from mouth/hallitosis; foul odour from breath; altered colour/complexion of body; hoarseness of voice. uraḥkṣatajanyarājayakṣmā उरःक्षतजन्यराजयक्ष्मा Consumption due to chest trauma ITA-5.18.1 Cough कासः ITA-5.18.2 Cough due to vitiated vata Cough due to vitiated pitta kāsaḥ A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in precordium/cardiac region pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; pain in temporal region; pain in abdomen; hoarseness of voice; feeling of dryness in chest; dryness of throat; feeling of dryness in the mouth; anxious appearance of face; body hair bristling or thrilling; loss of consciousness; rattling sound; apathy; sound of hollow cough; diminution of strength; diminution of voice; diminution of vitality; irritation in chest; confusion/delirium; dry cough; dry phlegm expelled with difficulty for only mild relief; constant coughing until phlegm is expelled; pain, with noise; horripilation. vātajakāsaḥ वातजकासः ITA-5.18.3 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: being mixed with pitta/pitta-mixed phlegm/ yellowishness of eyes; bitter taste in mouth; changed voice; smoky sensation/hotness in chest; thirst; burning sensation; confusion/delirium; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; seeing stars after continuous coughing/black-outs on continuous coughing; burning sensation in chest; fever; dryness of mouth; vomiting of yellowish pungent phlegm; pallor; giddiness or dizziness; vomiting of pitta; blood; sour belching/eructations. pittajakāsaḥ पित्तजकासः ITA-5.18.4 Cough due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of agni; loss of taste/loss of appetite; vomiting; cold catarrh; nausea/provocation of dosha; horripilation; sweetness in mouth; moistening/soddening; fatigue; cough with profuse phlegm; sweet-tasting phlegm; unctuous phlegm; thick phlegm; whitish phlegm; little or no pain on coughing; feeling as if whole chest is filled with phlegm; stickiness of oral cavity; headache; feeling as if body is filled with phlegm; thick compact phlegm; heaviness of head; feeling of coating over throat; feeling as if heart is wrapped in a wet cloth; itching. kaphajakāsaḥ कफजकासः ITA-5.18.5 Cough due to internal injury A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dry cough; sputum with blood; spitting yellowcoloured sputum; spitting brown-coloured sputum; dry cough; spitting thick sputum; spitting purulent sputum; spitting excessive sputum; pain in throat; pain in chest; severe needle-pricking type of pain; pain on touch; sharp pain; breaking type of pain; burning sensation; breaking type of pain in small joints; fever; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; thirst; changed voice; cooing like a pigeon;injured chest; with tremor; pain in sides of chest/flanks; gradual depletion of virility/semen; gradual loss of taste; gradual loss of capacity to digestion; gradual loss of physical strength; gradual loss of body lustre/complexion; blood-coloured urine; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back. kṣatajakāsaḥ क्षतजकासः ITA-5.18.6 Cough due to diminution of bodily tissues A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; spitting sputum with bad smell like raw meat; spitting sputum with green colour and blood; spitting sputum with pus/putrid sputum; spitting sputum with yellow colour; feeling as if heart is displaced from its site due to coughing; afflicted with sudden heat/coldness; sudden desire for heat/coldness; person with polyphagia; loss of physical strength or weakness; emaciated/thin/malnourished; unctuous clear face/unctuous charming face; pleasant; charming eyes; glossiness of palms; glossiness of soles; always displeased; abusing others; fever; dvandvaja type of jvara; pain in sides of chest/flanks; cold catarrh; loss of taste; passage of unformed. faeces; compact/formed stools; altered voice without any reason; body pain; burning sensation; confusion/delirium; attains death; depletion/wasting of muscle; depletion of blood with pus; breaking/pain in flanks; feels as if heart is displaced from its site due to coughing; loss of physical strength or weakness. kṣayajakāsaḥ क्षयजकासः ITA-5.19.1 Hiccup A disorder characterized by vayu repeatedly and forcefully brought out, accompanied by sound; feeling as if liver; spleen and intestines are being expelled through the mouth; making noise, and causing sudden death. hikkā (hidhmā) हिक्का (हिध्मा) ITA-5.19.2 Hiccup due to improper A disorder characterized by hiccups unrelated to any activity swallowing of food associated with sneezing; hiccups reduced with drinking or eating; hiccups decreased with wholesome and suitable foods or liquids; hiccups traversing upwards; painless; with little sound. annajāhikkā अन्नजाहिक्का ITA-5.19.3 Dual or successive hiccups A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups increasing after food digestion; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; vomiting; diarrhoea; thirst; senselessness/unconsciousness; yawning; eyes bathed or dimmed with tears; dryness of mouth; body bent/flexed; abdominal distension; hiccups originating from jatru; suppression of breath/death; hiccups in two bouts; shaking of the head and neck. vyapetāhikkā/ yamalāhikkā व्यपेताहिक्का/यमलाहिक्का ITA-5.19.4 Mild or insignificant hiccups A disorder characterized by hiccups increasing with exertion and decreasing after food intake; long interval; feeble bouts at long intervals; starting from jatrumūla and ending at jatrumūla. kṣudrāhikkā क्षुद्राहिक्का ITA-5.19.5 Hiccup; arising from depth of stomach A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stiffness; pain in flanks; hiccups starting from umbilicus or large intestine/rectum; intense agitation of body; bending/flexion of body; obstruction on inhalation; diminution of mānasa bala/loss of consciousness; hiccups originating from the umbilical region; having high sound; dryness of lips; dryness of throat; dryness of tongue; dryness of mouth; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; yawning; stretching of body. gambhīrāhikkā गम्भीराहिक्का ITA-5.19.6 Extremely powerful and noisy hiccups A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups enveloping the throat with a high sound; continuous hiccups; loss of consciousness; stiffness of body; obstructing the passage of food and liquids; impaired memory; eyes bathed or dimmed with tears; stiffness of temporal regions; drooping of eyebrows; irrelevant talk in a suppressed voice; hiccups afflicting the vital organs; shaking of entire body; obstruction of speech; bending of back; dryness/wasting/emaciation. mahatīhikkā महतीहिक्का ITA-5.20.1 Dyspnoea A disorder characterized by difficult and hurried respiration. śvāsaḥ श्वासः ITA-5.20.2 Extremely strained and difficult breathing; generally in terminal illness A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: deep respiratory movements constantly producing a sound like an excited but restrained person on account of vata; loss of knowledge, wisdom or consciousness; eye-rolling or side glances; confused face/wide-open mouth; distorted/ dilated eyes; ugly face; retention of urine; retained stool/ constipation; fading/broken/feeble voice; timidity or apathy; dyspnoea also apparent from a distance; frequent fainting/ unconsciousness; pain in sides of chest/flanks; dryness of throat with high-pitched sound; bulging of eyes; stretching of body on breathing; snoring due to obstructed respiration; convulsive movement of chest; severe pain in ears; severe pain in temporal region; severe pain in head. mahāśvāsaḥ महाश्वासः ITA-5.20.3 Shallow breathing A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: not being able to breathe deeply with shallow breathing only; eyes turning upwards/upward gaze; eyerolling in all directions; fainting; severe pain; dryness of mouth/whitishness of mouth; severe distress/discontent/ restlessness; deep breathing hampered due to shortness of breath; distress leading to death; obstructed/suffocated voice. ūrdhvaśvāsaḥ ऊर्ध्वश्वासः ITA-5.20.4 Split or noncontiguous (breathing) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: borborygmi with distension; with perspiration; syncope or swooning; burning in the bladder; confused dilated eyes; excessively weak respiration; redness of one eye; senselessness/unconsciousness; dryness of mouth; discoloration of face; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; afflicted with loosening of joints/ligaments; pain due to affliction of marma or vital points; suppression of urine; downward gaze; fainting; timidity or apathy; loss of lustre/charm; leading to death. chinnaśvāsaḥ छिन्नश्वासः ITA-5.20.5 Bronchial asthma Difficulty in breathing resulting in darkness in front of eyes; A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; making ghurghur sound; severely raised respiratory rate/tachypnoea; life-threatening; fainting due to tachypnoea; cough; motionless; frequent fainting while coughing; distressed by inability to expel phlegm; feeling better temporarily due to spitting of phlegm; inflammation of throat; hardly able to speak; loss of sleep/insomnia; difficulty in breathing in sleeping position; respiration hindered by sides of chest due to vāta; feeling comfortable in sitting posture; comfortable with hot things/desire for warm substances; enlarged eyes; sweating on forehead; sudden onset of pain; dryness of mouth; body moving with respiratory effort during attack; aggravation of attack due to incoming clouds; rain; cold or wind and other factors which increase kapha; thirst; perspiration; vomiting; associated with loud sounds; with sputum/phlegm; aversion to food; loss of taste; numbness increased on sleep; confusion/delirium; tremor. tamakaśvāsaḥ तमकश्वासः ITA-5.20.6 Mild dyspnoea A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: not very troublesome breathing; not harmful for the body; not distressing; not hampering intake of food or liquids; not painful for sense organs; not causing emergencies. kṣudraśvāsaḥ क्षुद्रश्वासः ITA-5.21.1 Hoarse voice, altered voice svarabhedaḥ स्वरभेदः ITA-5.21.2 Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: weak and feeble voice; trembling/shaky voice; hoarse voice; slow speech; indistinct voice; harsh donkey-like voice; blackish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of face; blackish discoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of faeces; throat filled with barley awn; relieved by unctuous and hot measures. vātajasvarabhedaḥ वातजस्वरभेदः ITA-5.21.3 Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the palate; burning sensation in the throat or kaṇṭha; unwillingness to speak; yellowish discoloration of face; yellowness of eyes; yellowness of stool; yellowish urine; dryness of palate; dryness of throat. pittajasvarabhedaḥ पित्तजस्वरभेदः ITA-5.21.4 Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hoarseness of voice; obstructed/suffocated voice; rattling sound; voice emerging with difficulty; throat always choked with secretions; speaking little and slowly; voice distinct during the daytime; feeling as if throat smeared with phlegm. kaphajasvarabhedaḥ कफजस्वरभेदः ITA-5.21.5 Hoarse voice, altered A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs voice due to diminution and symptoms: a smoky voice; obstructed/suffocated voice; of structural rubbing/scraping of throat. components. kṣayajasvarabhedaḥ क्षयजस्वरभेदः ITA-5.21.6 Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated fat medojasvarabhedaḥ मेदोजस्वरभेदः A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inaudible phonation within the throat; indistinct syllables; delayed speech; thirst; coated/smeared throat; coated/smeared lips; coated/smeared palate; difficulty in pronouncing syllables. ITA-5.22.1 Anorexia arocakaḥ अरोचकः ITA-5.22.2 Anorexia due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dental hyperaesthesia; astringent taste in oral cavity; precordial pain/cardiac pain; oppression of heart; loss of taste in mouth. vātaja-arocakaḥ वातज-अरोचकः ITA-5.22.3 Anorexia due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a pungent taste in the mouth; sour taste in the mouth; feeling of warmth in the mouth; loss of taste in the mouth; foul odour in oral cavity; salty taste in the mouth; burning sensation in cardiac region; sucking type of pain; bitter taste in the mouth; syncope or swooning; thirst. pittaja-arocakaḥ पित्तज-अरोचकः ITA-5.22.4 Anorexia due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a sweet taste in mouth; sliminess of the oral cavity; heaviness in the mouth; coldness in the mouth; stiffness and tightness of mouth; itching; secretion of mucus; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; drowsiness/lassitude; saltish taste in the mouth. kaphaja-arocakaḥ कफज-अरोचकः ITA-5.22.5 Anorexia due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of arocaka; loss of taste/altered taste, not just one type of taste; different types of pain. sannipātaja-arocakaḥ सन्निपातज-अरोचकः ITA-5.22.6 Anorexia due to injury abhighātaja-arocakaḥ अभिघातज-अरोचकः ITA-5.23.1 Vomiting chardiḥ छर्दिः ITA-5.23.2 Vomiting due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in flanks; dryness of mouth; headache; discomfort/pain in umbilical region; cough; alteration of voice; pricking pain; eructations with loud sounds; frothy vomitus; shredded/variegated vomitus; blackish vomitus; thin/scanty vomitus; astringent vomitus; difficulty in vomiting; small quantity of vomitus; vomiting with great force; vomiting with pain; pain in back; fatigued/tired; vomiting in large quantity; more vomiting after digestion; exhaustion without exertion. vātajachardiḥ वातजछर्दिः ITA-5.23.3 Vomiting due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; thirst; dryness of mouth; burning sensation in the head; burning sensation in the palate; burning sensation in the eyes; black-outs; giddiness or dizziness; yellowish vomitus; very hot vomitus/ forceful vomiting; greenish vomitus; bitter vomitus; smoky vomitus; vomiting with burning sensation; sour vomitus; pungent vomitus; bitter taste in mouth; vomitus with blood; sucking type of pain; fever; vomitus alkaline in nature/vomitus as kṣāra diluted in water; exhaustion/fatigue. pittajachardiḥ पित्तजछर्दिः ITA-5.23.4 Vomiting due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; sweetness in mouth; mucoid salivation; sense of satiety/contentment; sleep; loss of taste; heaviness; unctuous vomitus; thick vomitus; sweetish vomitus; clear vomitus; horripilation; vomitus with mild pain; vomiting in large quantity; vomitus white in colour; vomitus cold in nature; vomitus predominent with kapha; pain in empty stomach; exhaustion; vomitus with thready appearance; vomitus salty in taste; frequent/forceful vomiting; continuous vomiting; facial oedema; nausea; cough. kaphajachardiḥ कफजछर्दिः ITA-5.23.5 Vomiting due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: colicky pain in abdomen; indigestion; loss of taste; burning sensation; thirst; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; fainting/severe confusion; forceful vomiting; continuous vomiting; vomitus salty in taste; sour vomiting; blue-coloured vomitus; thick vomitus; vomitus hot in nature; vomitus with blood; signs/symptoms of all types of chardi. sannipātajachardiḥ सन्निपातजछर्दिः ITA-5.23.6 Vomiting due to extrinsic causes āgantujachardiḥ आगन्तुजछर्दिः ITA-5.23.7 Vomiting due to worm infestation kṛmijachardiḥ कृमिजछर्दिः ITA-5.24.1 Morbid thirst A disorder characterized by an incessant desire for water. tṛṣṇā तृष्णा ITA-5.24.2 Prodromal symptoms of morbid thirst A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of mouth; excessive dryness of palate; excessive dryness of lips; excessive dryness of throat; excessive dryness of oral cavity; burning sensation in the oral cavity; confusion/delirium; giddiness or dizziness; excessive and incoherent speech. tṛṣṇāpūrvarūpam तृष्णापूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.24.3 Morbid thirst due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of mouth; loss of taste in the mouth; pain in temporal region; headache exacerbated by drinking of cold water; feeling of obstructed passages; insomnia; vertigo; wasted/dried up/emaciated; apathy; inability to smell; unpleasant taste in mouth; diminished hearing ability; diminished sleep; diminished strength. vātajatṛṣṇā वातजतृष्णा ITA-5.24.4 Morbid thirst due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: aversion to food; bitter taste in the mouth; burning sensation in head; desire for cold; syncope or swooning; yellowish colour of eye; yellowish urine; yellowcoloured stool; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; loss of taste; dryness of mouth; sensation of fumes emerging from body and mouth; parched mouth; bloodshot eyes. pittajatṛṣṇā पित्तजतृष्णा ITA-5.24.5 Morbid thirst due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body; suffering from excessive thirst; sleep; sweet taste in the mouth; excessive dehydration; feeling of coated throat; slimy and sticky feeling inside mouth; fever with chills; vomiting; loss of taste; heaviness of body; oedema of extremities; body orifices feeling as if coated with slush and then dried; body orifices feeling dried with kapha; feeling as if throat covered by thorns; abdominal distension; heaviness of head; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; lethargy; indigestion. kaphajatṛṣṇā कफजतृष्णा ITA-5.24.6 Morbid thirst due to trauma A disorder characterized by thirst which is not relieved despite frequent intake of water day and night. kṣatajatṛṣṇā क्षतजतृष्णा ITA-5.24.7 Morbid thirst due to depletion of primary circulating nutrient fluid A disorder characterized by drying up; burning sensation; excessive desire for water. rasakṣayajatṛṣṇā रसक्षयजतृष्णा ITA-5.24.8 Morbid thirst due to ama A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension; loss of taste; mucus discharge through mouth; spitting; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; pain in cardiac region. āmajatṛṣṇā/ tridoṣajatṛṣṇā आमजतृष्णा/त्रिदोषजतृष्णा ITA-5.24.9 Morbid thirst as a complication of another disease Morbid thirst as a complication of another disease such as fever or consumption. A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: timidity or apathy; timid voice; loss of consciousness; dehydrated throat; dehydrated palate; dehydrated mouth. aupasargikatṛṣṇā औपसर्गिकतृष्णा ITA-5.25.1 Syncope Temporary loss of consciousness. mūrcchā मूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.2 Prodromal signs of syncope A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: precordial pain/cardiac pain; yawning; fatigued mind and body; loss of sensory perception; loss of strength. mūrcchā-pūrvarūpam मूर्च्छा-पूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.25.3 Syncope due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seeing the sky as blue before loss of consciousness; seeing the sky as black before loss of consciousness; seeing the sky as red before loss of consciousness; regaining consciousness soon afterwards; shivering/tremors; generalized body aches; pain in precordium/cardiac region; emaciation; blackish appearance; slightly reddish appearance. vātajamūrcchā वातजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.4 Syncope due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seeing the sky as red before entering a state of darkness; seeing the sky as green before entering a state of darkness; seeing the sky as yellow before entering a state of darkness; waking up with perspiration; thirst; with burning sensation; reddish disturbed eyes; yellowish disturbed eyes; falling down as soon as the fit starts; regaining consciousness immediately; loose motions; yellowish discoloration; syncope or swooning. pittajamūrcchā पित्तजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.5 Syncope due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: becoming unconscious while seeing a cloudy sky; becoming unconscious while seeing a dark cloudy sky; regaining consciousness after a long time; heaviness of body; feeling of body parts covered with moist leather; salivation; nausea; syncope or swooning. kaphajamūrcchā कफजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.6 Syncope due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all three types of dosha; fainting resembling an epileptic fit; falling down suddenly without a hideous manifestation. sannipātajamūrcchā सन्निपातजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.7 Syncope due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fainting on perceiving solely the smell of blood; reddish vision; deep respiration; body becoming rigid. raktajamūrcchā रक्तजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.8 Syncope due to alcoholism A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsing while talking irrelevantly; remaining unconscious and bewildered; flinging limbs in all directions. madyajamūrcchā मद्यजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.9 Syncope due to poison A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: shivering/tremors; sleepiness; thirst; blackouts; specific to the respective poisons concerned. viṣajamūrcchā विषजमूर्च्छा ITA-5.25.10 Drowsiness A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inability to perceive the objects of the senses; exhaustion without exertion; heaviness; yawning; sleepiness. tandrā तन्द्रा ITA-5.25.11 Coma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: falling like a log of dead wood; loss of life if not treated early/or if emergency treatment support withdrawn. saṃnyāsaḥ संन्यासः ITA-5.26.1 Intoxication other than alcohol-induced A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: incoherent speech; excessive speech; fast speech; unstable movements; uncoordinated actions; dry body appearance; blackish body appearance; slightly reddish complexion. madaḥ मदः ITA-5.26.2 First stage of intoxication A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passionate desire; erotic stimulation; desire to have sexual intercourse; happiness; confusion/delirium; sleep; abnormal/unsuitable food; abnormal sounds; abnormal exhibition of any body part; enhanced intelligence; enhanced memory; enhanced affection; enhanced happiness; increased desire to drink; increased desire to eat; increased desire to sleep; increased ability to recite songs; increased quality of speech; very pleasant. prathama-madaḥ प्रथम-मदः ITA-5.26.3 Second stage of intoxication A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: incoherent intelligence; incoherent memory; incoherent speech; incoherent actions; lunatic appearance and behaviour; furious nature; recurrent lethargy; recurrent sleepiness. madyajamadaḥ मद्यजमदः ITA-5.26.4 Third stage of intoxication A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: visiting places which should not be frequented; disrespect for teachers; eating inedible things; loss of consciousness; disclosure of even close-guarded secrets; dependency on others. tṛtīya-madaḥ तृतीय-मदः ITA-5.26.5 Fourth stage of intoxication A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: idiocy; being as helpless as a piece of broken wood; loss of the sense of discrimination between right and wrong actions; unable to be roused or respond to stimuli. caturtha-madaḥ चतुर्थ-मदः ITA-5.26.6 Alcohol intoxication A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fainting/severe confusion; precordial pain/ cardiac pain; loose motions/diarrhoea; continuous thirst; saumya āgneya; fever; loss of taste; headache; pain in flanks; pain in bones; tremors; injury to vital points; stiffness of sacroiliac region; chest tightness; errors of refraction/partial blindness; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; being awake; excessive sweating; constipation/abdominal fullness; oedema; instability of mind; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; vomiting; nausea/provocation of dosha; giddiness or dizziness; having unpleasant dreams. madātyayaḥ/ pānātyayaḥ मदात्ययः/पानात्ययः ITA-5.26.7 Alcohol intoxication leading to suppression of visceral movements A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: warmth; aggravation of kapha; heaviness of body; absence of any taste in the mouth; retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; drowsiness/ lassitude; loss of taste; thirst; headache; pain in joints. paramadaḥ परमदः ITA-5.26.8 Indigestion due to excessive alcohol intake A disorder characterized by abdominal distension; sour belching/eructations; internal burning sensation. pānājīrṇam पानाजीर्णम् ITA-5.26.9 Aversion to alcohol and food due to alcohol intoxication A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a pricking pain in cardiac region; dislike of alcohol; dislike of food; pricking pain all over the body; secretion of mucus; feeling as if the throat is full of smoke; syncope or swooning; vomiting; fever; headache; burning sensation. pānavibhramaḥ पानविभ्रमः ITA-5.27.1 Burning sensation A disorder characterized by warmth amounting to a burning sensation. dāhaḥ दाहः ITA-5.27.2 Generalized burning sensation due to vitiated rakta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: warmth; coppery lustre with copper-red eyes; coppery lustre to skin; thirst; emitting iron-like odour from body; emitting iron-like odour from mouth. raktajadāhaḥ रक्तजदाहः ITA-5.27.3 Generalized burning sensation due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by symptoms similar to those of dāha. pittajadāhaḥ पित्तजदाहः ITA-5.27.4 Generalized burning sensation due to unquenched thirst A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: internal and external burning sensations; dryness of throat; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; trembling of the tongue on protrusion; dulling of all senses. tṛṣṇānirodhajadāhaḥ तृष्णानिरोधजदाहः ITA-5.27.5 Generalized burning sensation due to internal bleeding A disorder characterized by the abdomen filling up with blood. asṛjapūrṇakoṣṭhadāhaḥ असृजपूर्णकोष्ठदाहः ITA-5.27.6 Generalized burning sensation due to diminution of structural components A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminished activities; weak and feeble voice; thirst; excessive distress; syncope or swooning; malaise. dhātukṣayajadāhaḥ धातुक्षयजदाहः ITA-5.27.7 Generalized burning sensation due to injury A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; thirst; severe internal symptoms of burning. kṣatajadāhaḥ क्षतजदाहः ITA-5.27.8 Generalized burning sensation due to injury to vulnerable locations A disorder characterized by a burning sensation due to injury of a vulnerable point. marmābhighātajadāhaḥ मर्माभिघातजदाहः ITA-5.28.1 Psychosis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a confused state of mind; altered state of judgement; altered consiousness/peripheral sensations; altered memory; altered desire/likings; impaired character; agitated activities; impaired behaviour; confused intellect; fickleness of mind; perplexed appearance; restlessness; incoherent speech; loneliness/lack of alertness; feeling of pain in body; feeling of happiness in body; undertaking activities without any forethought; sudden lack of happiness; sudden lack of sorrow; sudden loss of righteous things; sudden loss of nonrighteous things; wandering abruptly. unmādaḥ उन्मादः ITA-5.28.2 Psychosis due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe restlessness; flickering of eyes; flickering of eyebrows; sudden movements of lips; movements of shoulders; sudden movements of jaws; sudden movements of hands; sudden movements of legs; continuous voice; intermittent voice; frothing from mouth; smiling at inappropriate places; laughing at inappropriate places; dancing at inappropriate places; singing at inappropriate places; playing music organs; no rhythmic following music; acting as if going on vehicle; acting as if wearing ornaments; severe jealousy; emaciation; roughness/dryness; protrusion of eyes; slightly reddish brown eyes; Incoherent speech at inappropriate places; irrelevant movements of the limbs; weeping at inappropriate places; slight reddish complexion of the body; provocation of the symptom after the food has been digested; lustreless appearance; harsh voice; prominent veins; wants cold; pulsatile/vibrating body; vibrating joints; wandering with shaking; roams around; crying at inappropriate place; mimics sound of flute; mimics sound of lute; travels/roams a lot; speaks a lot; desires for food; abuses after obtaining food; speaks in appropriate places; vātajonmādaḥ वातजोन्मादः ITA-5.28.3 Psychosis due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: intolerance/impatience; anger; agitation in inappropriate places; hurting self with weapon; hurting self with clod; hurting self with whip; hurting self with wood; hurting self with fist; hurting self with weapon; hurting self with clod; hurting self with whip; hurting self with wood; hurting self with fist; hurting others with weapon; hurting others with clod; hurting others with whip; hurting others with wood; hurting others with fist; craving for shade/shelter; craving for cold water; craving for cold food; frequent anger; coppery eyes; greenish eyes; yellowish eyes; steady/stable eyes; redness/ congestion/inflammation; nudity; intimidating attitude; runing away; hotness of body; anger; yellowish complexion; excessive thirst; excessive sweating; excessive burning sensation; voracious eating; improper sleep; wants cold; wants air; enjoys insides of water bodies; excessive anger; suspicious; seeing stars in the sky in daytime; false visualization of fire/halluciation of fire; hallucination of stars; false visualization of flame/hallucination of flame; fear of yellowish things falling down; pittajonmādaḥ पित्तजोन्मादः ITA-5.28.4 Psychosis due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a person confined to one area; sitting alone silently; travelling less; excessive salivation; nasal discharge; aversion to food; wanting secrecy/privacy; sickening; aversion to cleanliness; dreaming daily; facial oedema; whitish eyes; feeling as if eyes are wrapped in wet cloth; rheumy eyes; slow speech; sluggishness in body activities; loss of taste; liking for women; liking for solitude; excessive sleep; vomiting; symptoms provoked by eating; whitish discoloration of nails; diminution of agni; exhaustion; cough; reduced intellect; eating less; desire for heat; aggravation of disease at night; desire for sex with female; sleep; facial oedema; turbid eyes. kaphajonmādaḥ कफजोन्मादः ITA-5.28.5 Psychosis due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by clinical features common to all three types. sannipātajonmādaḥ सन्निपातजोन्मादः ITA-5.28.6 Psychosis due to grief A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a person irrelevantly describing imagined things; improper perception/unconsciousness; singing; laughing; crying suddenly; stupefaction due to improper perception; pallor/paleness; timidity or apathy; fainting repeatedly; weeping and making sounds such as “ha-ha”; dying; overestimating; mind disturbed by sorrow; thinking; alert; doing inappropriate acts. śokajonmādaḥ शोकजोन्मादः ITA-5.28.7 Psychosis due to poison A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bloodshot eyes; loss of strength; loss of sensory and motor organ functioning; loss of lustre; withered appearance; blackish discoloration of face; loss of lustre/ charm; loss of strength; loss of functioning of sensory and motor organs; confusional state. viṣajonmādaḥ विषजोन्मादः ITA-5.28.8 Psychosis making a person behave like a demigod A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seriousness/profundity; indomitability; not getting angry; insomnia/sleeplessness; aversion to food/ meals; scanty sweating; oliguria; reduced quantity of stool; reduced quantity of flatus; auspicious fragrance; face resembling a completely developed lotus flower; contentment/ satisfaction; purity of body; thought; words and deeds; smelling strongly of a divine fragrance of flowers; alert; speaking truthfully; conversing in Sanskrit; glowing radiantly; steady/stable eyes; delivering blessings; respectful of Brahmina. devonmādaḥ/ devaśatrujuṣṭonmādaḥ देवोन्मादः/देवशत्रुजुष्टोन्मादः ITA-5.28.9 Psychosis making a person behave like an artiste A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a fondness for musical instruments; liking dancing; liking singing; liking various foods; liking drinking; liking bathing; liking flowers; liking holy fumes; liking perfumes; person who likes red-coloured clothes; person who likes religious sacrificing procedure; liking comic stories; spiritual; liking holy fragrances; happy soul; visiting riverside; well-mannered; overfondness for music; liking fragrance; smiling; using good beautiful words; fewer words; visiting forests/gardens. gandharvonmādaḥ गन्धर्वोन्मादः ITA-5.28.10 Psychosis making a person behave like an opulent person A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: continuous dreams; continuous crying; continuous laughing; liking dancing; liking singing; liking various foods; liking drinking; liking bathing; liking flowers; liking holy fumes; liking perfumes; liking musical instruments; liking recitals; liking stories or chatting; reddish-coloured eyes; confused dilated eyes; hating brahmaṇavaidya parivādinaṃ; speaking secretly/revealing secrets; coppery redness of eyes; wearing favourite garments; wearing light garments; liking red-coloured clothes; serious in nature; speedy/quick/swift gait; talking less; tolerant; looking majestic; constantly asking what might be done for others. yakṣonmādaḥ यक्षोन्मादः ITA-5.28.11 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a person with sorrowful eyes; not establishing eye-contact; sleepy; stalled or broken speech; aversion to food; loss of taste; indigestion; offering oblations to ancestors’ souls; calm temperament; keeping cloth on the right shoulder; liking meat; liking tila; liking jaggery; liking milk-pudding; praising forefathers. pitṛ-unmādaḥ पितृ-उन्मादः Psychosis making a person behave like an ancestor ITA-5.29.1 Epilepsy A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: perversion of memory; perversion of intellect; perversion of cognitive psychic faculties; possessing transient/episodic abnormal activities; feeling as if entering into darkness; confusion; seeing unreal scenes or nonexistent things; falling down/fumbling; flickering tongue; fluttering eyes; fluttering eyebrows; excessive salivation; jerking hand; jerking leg; abnormal tongue movements; abnormal frowning; unstable eyeball movements; teeth-grinding; frothy vomiting; dilated and widened eyes; regaining consciousness after a time/abnormal movements or behaviour after a subsequent time; redness/congestion/inflammation. apasmāraḥ अपस्मारः ITA-5.29.2 Epilepsy due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: intermittent seizures; regaining consciousness/alertness in a moment; protrusion of eyes; irrelevant talking; frothy vomiting; stretching of neck; head injury; abnormally contracted fingers; hand improperly placed; leg improperly placed; slightly reddish nails; slightly reddish eyes; slightly reddish face; slightly reddish skin; rough/dry nails; rough/dry eyes; rough/dry mouth/face; rough/dry skin; blackish nails; blackish eyes; darkened face; blackish skin; showing abnormal presentation; viewing unstable objects; seeing rough/dry objects; seeing dryness; tremors; grinding teeth; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; visualizing everything as reddish; visualizing everything as black; person feels as if chased by black horrifying object/person; total disturbance of mind; pricking pain in cardiac region; agony/ pain; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; cooing sound from throat; fluttering of legs; crying in scratchy voice; inflated neck; jerking body in all directions; dry eyes; vātaja-apasmāraḥ वातज-अपस्मारः ITA-5.29.3 Epilepsy due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: intermittent seizures; regaining consciousness in a moment; cooing sound from throat; scratching the floor; greenish nails; greenish eyes; greenish discoloration of skin; yellowish discoloration of nails; yellowish discoloration of eyes; yellowish discoloration of face; yellowish discoloration of skin; coppery nails; coppery eyes; coppery face; coppery skin; reddish eyes; seeing horrible things; seeing violent things; seeing illuminated things; seeing objects as if covered; yellow-coloured froth; yellow discoloration of body; yellow discoloration of face; yellow discoloration of eyes; seeing all objects as yellow; seeing all objects as red; thirst; warmth; visualizing all worldly objects as engulfed by fire; sweating; syncope or swooning; inappropriate movements of body parts; in agony; feeling of being chased by black horrifying object/person; total disturbance of mind; agony/pain; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; shaking on ground; pittaja-apasmāraḥ पित्तज-अपस्मारः ITA-5.29.4 Epilepsy due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seizures with long duration; slow seizures; regaining consciousness after a longer time; falling down; not much abnormal behaviour; salivation; white nails; whitish discoloration of eyes; whitish discoloration of face; whitish skin; seeing things as whitish; seeing things in large size; seeing things as unctuous; whitish discoloration of froth; whitish discoloration of any body part; horripilation in body; heaviness of body; cold; nausea; sleep; falling down on floor; vomiting mucus secretions; feeling of being chased by black horrifying object/person; total disturbance of mind; agony/ pain; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; cooing sound from throat; fewer movements. kaphaja-apasmāraḥ कफज-अपस्मारः ITA-5.29.5 Epilepsy due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by clinical features of all three types. sannipātaja-apasmāraḥ सन्निपातज-अपस्मारः ITA-5.30.1 Polyarthritis due to vitiated vata and blood A disorder characterized by pain in small joints of the foot, gradually spreading to upper portions of the body; causing itching, pain, numbness in all joints of the hands and feet. vātaraktam वातरक्तम् ITA-5.30.2 Superficial polyarthritis due to vitiated vata and blood Multiple joint pain, itching; burning sensation; feeling of stretching; pricking pain; pulsating sensation; contraction; brownish black discoloration of skin; coppery discoloration on exterior of skin; reddish discoloration of skin. uttāna-vātaraktam उत्तान-वातरक्तम् ITA-5.30.3 Deep-rooted polyarthiris due to vitiated vata and blood Multiple joint pains; swelling; stiffness; hardness; sudden onset of pain; bluish-black colour; copper colour; burning sensation; pricking pain; pulsating sensation; inflammation/ suppuration; internal burning sensation; lameness; limping of both leg; deformities. gambhīra-vātaraktam गम्भीर-वातरक्तम् ITA-5.31.1 Stiff thighs with loss of sensation ūrustambhaḥ ऊरुस्तम्भः A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe tiredness of calf muscles; severe tiredness of thighs; slight burning; slight pain; pain on stepping; inability to perceive cold touch; inability to stand; inability to tolerate pressure; inability/difficulty in walking; inability to move; feeling as if thighs are broken; feeling as if legs are broken; stiffness of thigh; loss of sensation in thigh; thigh feeling as if it belongs to someone else; heaviness of thigh; severe frequent pain; insensibility/meditatitve appearance; generalized body aches; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; drowsiness/lassitude; vomiting; loss of taste; fever; feeling of weakness of feet/legs; difficulty in raising/lifting legs; numbness. ITA-5.32.1 Polyarthitis due to ama A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: generalized body aches; loss of taste; thirst; lethargy; heaviness; fever; indigestion; oedema; heaviness of heart region; weakness; stiffness of whole body. The condition also describes rheumatic fever. āmavātaḥ आमवातः ITA-5.32.2 Vata-predominent polyarthritis due to ama A disorder characterized by severe pain. vātika-āmavātaḥ वातिक-आमवातः ITA-5.32.3 Pitta-predominent polyarthritis due to ama A disorder characterized by burning sensation; redness/ congestion. paittika-āmavātaḥ पैत्तिक-आमवातः ITA-5.32.4 Kapha-predominant polyarthritis due to ama A disorder characterized by the feeling of being covered with a wet cloth; heaviness; itching. kaphaja-āmavātaḥ कफज-आमवातः ITA-5.32.5 Advanced stage of polyarthritis due to ama A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in hand joints; pain in foot joints; pain in head joints; pain in ankle joints; pain in sacroiliac region joints; pain in knee joints; pain in hip joints; swelling in hand joints; swelling in foot joints; swelling in head joints; swelling in ankle joints; swelling in sacroiliac region joints; swelling in knee joints; swelling in hip joints; pain resembling scorpion bite; diminution of agni; excessive salivation; loss of taste; heaviness of body; lack of enthusiasm; altered taste sensation; burning sensation; frequent excessive micturition; hardness of abdomen; colicky pain in abdomen; altered sleep; thirst; vomiting; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; stiffness of cardiac region; constipation; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; ativṛddha-āmavātaḥ अतिवृद्ध-आमवातः ITA-5.33.1 Hyperacidity A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: indigestion; exhaustion without exertion; nausea/provocation of dosha; bitter belchings/eructations; sour belchings/eructations; heaviness; burning sensation in precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in throat; loss of taste. amlapittam अम्लपित्तम् ITA-5.33.2 Type of hyperacidity with major symptoms manifesting above umbilical region A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: green-coloured vomitus; yellow-coloured vomitus; blue-coloured vomitus; black-coloured vomitus; vomitus mixed with blood; vomitus looking like blood; very sour vomitus; vomitus resembling meat washings; excessively slimy vomitus; watery/clear vomitus; vomitus with various tastes; acrid and sour vomitus during the digestion of food;/ with indigestion; acrid and sour vomitus on empty stomach; acrid and sour eructations; burning sensation in throat; burning sensation in precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in epigastrium/abdomen; headache; burning sensation in palm; burning sensation in sole; warmth; excessive anorexia/loss of taste; fever; itching all over body; circular eruptions all over body; papular rash all over body; diseases all over the body. ūrdhvaga-amlapittam ऊर्ध्वग-अम्लपित्तम् ITA-5.33.3 Type of hyperacidity with major symptoms manifesting below umbilical region A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; confusion/delirium; elimination of varying types of stools; nausea; wheal-like skin eruptions; depressed digestive power/diminution of agni; horripilation; perspiration; yellowish discoloration of body. adhoga-amlapittam अधोग-अम्लपित्तम् ITA-5.33.4 Type of hyperacidity due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: tremors; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; syncope or swooning; tingling sensation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; colicky pain in abdomen; feeling of transient black-outs; dizziness/confusion;/ infatuation; horripilation. vātika-amlapittam वातिक-अम्लपित्तम् ITA-5.33.5 Type of hyperacidity due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mucoid expectoration; heaviness; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; loss of taste; feeling of cold/chills; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; vomiting; stickiness; weak digestion; loss of strength; itching; sleep. kaphaja-amlapittam/ śleṣmapittam कफज-अम्लपित्तम्/ श्लेष्मपित्तम् ITA-5.34.1 Abdominal colic A disorder characterized by pain in abdomen; painful expiration; afflicted with pain; severe pain as if pierced by a nail. śūlaḥ शूलः ITA-5.34.2 Abdominal colic due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe pain on empty stomach; severe stiffness of body; difficulty in breathing; difficulty in passing flatus; difficulty in micturition; difficulty in defecation; pain in precordial region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in back; pain in sacral region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; pain occurs after digestion of food; pain during twilights; pain during cloudy weather; pain when it is cold; recurrent exacerbation of pain; recurrent remission of pain; retention of faeces; retention of flatus; pricking type of pain; breaking type of pain; pain relieved by sudation; pain relieved by oleation; pain relieved by massage/rubbing; pain relieved by unctuous food; pain relieved by hot food. vātajaśūlaḥ वातजशूलः ITA-5.34.3 Abdominal colic due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; intoxication; syncope or swooning; severe pain; desire for cold; pain decreasing with cold; confusion/delirium; pain in umbilical region; perspiration; giddiness or dizziness; sucking type of pain; pain exacerbated at noon; pain exacerbated at midnight; pain exacerbated when digesting food; pain exacerbated in autumn/śarat ṛtu; relieved during cold season; relieved with sweet food; relieved with cold food. pittajaśūlaḥ पित्तजशूलः ITA-5.34.4 Abdominal colic due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nausea; severe abdominal fullness; heaviness of body; cough; exhaustion; loss of taste; excessive salivation; stillness of stomach as if amaśaya wrapped in a wet cloth; heaviness of abdomen; heaviness of head; pain increasing on eating; pain increasing at sunrise; pain increasing in śiśira ṛtu; pain increasing in spring. kaphajaśūlaḥ कफजशूलः ITA-5.34.5 Abdominal colic due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by clinical features of all types of doṣa in śūla. sānnipātikaśūlaḥ सान्निपातिकशूलः ITA-5.34.6 Abdominal colic due to āma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and āmaśūlaḥ symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; nausea; vomiting; heaviness; sensation of being wrapped in a wet cloth; borborygmi with distension; excessive salivation; features of kaphaja śula. आमशूलः ITA-5.34.7 Abdominal colic due to any two vitiated dosha dvandvajaśūlaḥ द्वन्द्वजशूलः ITA-5.34.8 Abdominal colic due to vitiated vāta and pitta predominance vātapaittikaśūlaḥ वातपैत्तिकशूलः ITA-5.34.9 Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food A disorder characterized by a burning sensation; fever. pariṇāmaśūlaḥ परिणामशूलः ITA-5.34.10 Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food due to vitiated vata ITA-5.34.11 Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food due to vitiated pitta vātikapariṇāmaśūlaḥ वातिकपरिणामशूलः ITA-5.34.11 Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; distress/discontent/ restlessness; perspiration; pain exacerbated by pungent food; pain exacerbated by sour food; pain exacerbated by salty food; pain relieved by cold. paittikapariṇāmaśūlaḥ पैत्तिकपरिणामशूलः ITA-5.34.12 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vomiting; nausea; unconsciousness/ confusion; mild pain; pain persistent for a long time; pain relieved by taking pungent substances; pain relieved by taking bitter substances. kaphajapariṇāmaśūlaḥ कफजपरिणामशूलः ITA-5.34.13 Persistent, continuous abdominal pain A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain occurring before food has been digested; pain occurring after food has been digested; pain not subsiding despite consuming food; pain not subsiding on an empty stomach. annadravaśūlaḥ अन्नद्रवशूलः ITA-5.35.1 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: retention of faeces; retention of flatus or vata; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; pain in bladder; precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in abdomen/lumbar- hypogastric region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; abdominal distension; nausea; cutting type of pain in anal region; pricking pain; indigestion; oedema in urinary bladder region; constipation; lump/nodule in abdomen; upward movement of eructations or vata; painful or hurt anus; painful ejaculation; delayed ejaculation; body becoming harsh/rough; becoming dry; becoming cold; fever; dysuria; dysentery; heart diseases; disorders of lower gastrointestinal tract; vomiting; blindness; deafness/hearing impairment; burning sensation in head; bloating of abdomen; hypertrophy of prostate gland; mental disorders/diseases of manas; thirst; bleeding disorders; loss of taste; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; facial paralysis; pain in sides of chest/flanks; dreadful diseases of vāta. udāvartaḥ उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.2 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension; colicky pain in abdomen; feeling of obstruction in precordial region/ impairment of cardiac activity/bradycardia; headache; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; hiccups; cough; cold catarrh; choking sensation in throat; expulsion of faeces through mouth; retention of vata/flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; obstruction/retention in passage of faeces; exhaustion without exertion; pain; various other abdominal diseases or vātika. vātanigrahaja-udāvartaḥ वातनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.3 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: difficulty in micturition; scanty micturition; penile pain; proctalgia; pain in groin region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; scrotal pain; pain in umbilical region; headache; bloating of urinary bladder; dysuria; bending of body due to pain; distension in lower abdomen. mūtrābhighātaja-udāvartaḥ मूत्राभिघातज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.4 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of stools A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; colicky pain in abdomen; cutting type of pain in anal region; obstruction/retention to passage of faeces; eructation/upward movement of vata; vomiting of faecal matter. purīṣābhighātaja-udāvartaḥ पुरीषाभिघातज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.5 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of ejaculation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in bladder; anal pain; scrotal pain; swelling in bladder; anal swelling; scrotal oedema; urinary retention; seminal calculi/crystals; premature ejaculation. śukrābhighātaja-udāvartaḥ शुक्राभिघातज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.6 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of vomiting A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: skin diseases; itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; loss of taste; black pigmented patches; oedema; clinical features of pāṇḍu; fever; skin diseases; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; nausea. chardinigrahaja-udāvartaḥ छर्दिनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.7 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of sneezing A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe head disorders; severe eye disorders; severe nose disorders; severe ear disorders; feeling of fullness in throat; feeling of fullness in mouth; severe pricking pain in throat; severe pain in mouth; inarticulate speech; cessation of passage of vata; torticollis/stiffness of neck; headache; facial paralysis; hemicranial headache; impairment of sense organs. kṣavathunigrahaja-udāvartaḥ क्षवथुनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.8 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of yawning A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: torticollis/stiffness of neck; stiffness of throat region; disorders of the head; severe diseases of the ear; severe diseases of the mouth; severe diseases of the nose; severe diseases of the eye. jṛmbhānigrahaja-udāvartaḥ जृम्भानिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.9 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of tears A disorder characterized by heaviness of head; severe diseases of the eye; cold catarrh. aśrunigrahaja-udāvartaḥ अश्रुनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.10 Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of eructation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe diseases due to vata; feeling of fullness in throat; severe pricking pain; feeling of fullness in mouth; gurgling intestinal sounds; cessation of passage of vata. udgāranigrahaja-udāvartaḥ उद्गारनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ITA-5.35.11 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; generalized body aches; loss of taste; dizziness/confusion; diminished vision; exhaustion/fatigue. kṣunnirodhaja-udāvartaḥ क्षुन्निरोधज-उदावर्तः Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of hunger ITA-5.36.1 Constipation and abdominal distension A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus. ānāhaḥ/ ādhmānam आनाहः/आध्मानम् ITA-5.37.1 Lumps or growths (stable or transitory) in abdomen A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: being confined to mahāsrotasa; obstructing upper and lower orifices; colicky pain in abdomen; glandular swelling on palpation; glandular swelling between cardiac and bladder regions; glandular swelling which is mobile; glandular swelling which is fixed; glandular swelling increasing and decreasing in size; circular glandular swelling; sharp pierceing type of pain; severe pain; difficulty in breathing; rigidity/stiffness. gulmaḥ गुल्मः ITA-5.37.2 Lumps or growths due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent increase in size; frequent reduction in size; inconsistent levels of pain; feeling as if ants are crawling on body; severe pricking type of pain; severe splitting type of pain; severe pulsating type of sensation; severe stretching type of pain; severe contraction type of pain; severe feeling of numbness; severe feeling of horripilation; marked increase and decrease in above signs and symptoms; sensation of perforation/piercing type of pain; feeling as if pierced by śaṅku; fever at end of day; dryness in mouth; obstructed expiration; horripilation during pain;spleenomegaly; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; indigestion; upward movement of vāta; generalized body aches; neck pain; headache; pain in temporal region; swelling in inguinal region/hernia; blackish discoloration of skin; blackish discoloration of nails; blackish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of face; blackish discoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of faeces; slightly reddish discoloration of skin; slightly reddish discoloration of nails; slightly reddish discoloration of eyes; slightly reddish-coloured face; slightly reddish discoloration of urine; slightly reddish discoloration of faeces; rough/dry skin; rough nails; roughness of eyes; roughness of mouth/face; roughness of urine; roughness of faeces; pain in precordium/cardiac region; pain in abdomen; dryness in throat; confinement/lack of movement of vata; irregular agni; diseases due to vāta; fever; frequent difficult expiration; stiffness of body parts; emaciation; dryness of skin; indeterminate form and shape; indeterminate area or site; indeterminate growth; indeterminate decrease; indeterminate pain; feeling as if ants are moving all over; increased complications in vatakala; occasional stretching of skin; occasional skin contractions; whole body pain but mainly at urinary bladder or basti; pyrexia with chills; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in shoulders; headache increasing after digestion of food, lessening while eating. vātajagulmaḥ वातजगुल्मः ITA-5.37.3 Lumps or growths due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation in abdomen; burning sensation in cardiac region; burning sensation in chest; burning sensation in throat; smoky euctations; acid eructations; feeling as if burning; pain; emitting smoke; hot in nature; perspiration; wetness; tenderness as if wound lax or nonhealed; slight excitement/bristling; fever; giddiness or dizziness; burning/excessive warmth/inflammation of eyes; thirst; dryness of throat; dryness of palate; dryness of mouth; fainting/severe confusion; altered stools/loose motions; greenish discoloration of skin; green-coloured eyes; greenish discoloration of face; green-coloured urine; greenish discoloration of faeces; yellow-coloured skin; yellow-coloured eyes; yellow-coloured face; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellow-coloured faeces; perspiration; food indigestion of food/ acid reflux; burning sensation; reddish discoloration of body; pungent taste in mouth; sour belching/eructations; syncope or swooning; burning sensation of gulma; relief with cold; feeling as if burnt by hot metal ball; hairless; generally resides at nābhi; reddish discoloration of face; severe pain during digestion; severe pain while eating. pittajagulmaḥ पित्तजगुल्मः ITA-5.37.4 Lumps or growths due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever with chills; loss of taste; indigestion; generalized body aches; horripilation; heart disease; vomiting; sleep; lethargy; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; heaviness; burning sensation in head; stable gulma; heavy gulma; hardness deepening; numb/immobile; cough (severe); severe breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh (severe); fulminant rājayakṣmā; whitish discoloration of skin; whitish discoloration of eyes; whitish discoloration of face; light/whitish-coloured urine; light/whitish-coloured stool; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; excessive salivation; sweet taste in mouth; signs of kapha; cold catarrh; nausea; coldness; mild pain; raised gulma. kaphajagulmaḥ कफजगुल्मः ITA-5.37.5 Lumps or growths due to vitiated rakta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stoppage/obstruction of menstrual flow; increased size of abdomen due to obstruction of menstrual flow; colicky pain in abdomen; cough; diarrhoea; vomiting; loss of taste; indigestion; generalized body aches; sleep; lethargy; feeling as if covered with wet cloth; salivation; expression of breast milk; blackish lips; blackish breast areola; severe fatigue of eyes; syncope or swooning; nausea; pedal oedema; mild abdominal striae/striae gravidarum; dilatation of vagina; bad odour of vagina; discharge from vagina; pulsating lump/quickening; signs of pitta gulma; no pulsation; no abdominal enlargement; signs of pregnancy; imperious desire/desire of pregnant woman; weaker/more debilitated; rigidity/stiffness; burning sensation; diarrhoea; pain in uterus; delayed pulsation with pain. raktajagulmaḥ रक्तजगुल्मः ITA-5.37.6 Lumps or growths due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all three dosha; clinical features of all types of gulma; severe/excruciating pain; associated with severe burning sensation; stony compactness; stony elevation; quick sloughing; severity; reduced body strength; reduced intellectual strength; reduced strength of agni; thick, raised, dense lesion, suppurating quickly. sannipātajagulmaḥ सन्निपातजगुल्मः ITA-5.37.7 Lumps or growths due to any two vitiated dosha A disorder characterized by the clinical features of mixed dosha. dvandvajagulmaḥ द्वन्द्वजगुल्मः ITA-5.38.1 Heart disease hṛdrogaḥ हृद्रोगः ITA-5.38.2 Heart disease due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe pain; shivering/tremors; feeling of being wrapped/cramps; rigidity/stiffness; fainting/severe confusion; feeling of hollowness; fear; severe pain; feeling of stretching; pricking pain in heart; churning pain in heart; tearing pain in heart; bursting pain in heart; splitting pain in heart; breaking type of pain in heart; depletion/dessication of heart; feeling as if heart is stiff and rigid; palpitations; sudden distress/fear; intolerant of grief; intolerant of fear; intolerant of sound; obstructed breathing; sleeplessness. vātajahṛdrogaḥ वातजहृद्रोगः ITA-5.38.3 Heart disease due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; bitter taste in mouth; bitter eructations; sour belching/ eructations; exhaustion without exertion; thirst; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; perspiration; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; burning sensation; sucking type of pain; fatigued heart; smoky eructations; syncope or swooning; dryness of mouth; sour vomitus; vomiting of pitta; yellowish discoloration; fever. pittajahṛdrogaḥ पित्तजहृद्रोगः ITA-5.38.4 Heart disease due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling as if the heart is numb; feeling as if the heart is wrapped in a wet cloth; feeling of heaviness in the heart; drowsiness/lassitude; loss of taste; feeling as if the heart is stony hard; heaviness; secretion of mucus; loss of taste; rigidity/stiffness; diminution of digestive power; sweetness in mouth; lassitude; feeling as if the heart is stiff and rigid; cough; spitting; sleep; lethargy; fever. kaphajahṛdrogaḥ कफजहृद्रोगः ITA-5.38.5 Heart disease due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by clinical features of different types of dosha-predominant heart disorders. sannipātajahṛdrogaḥ सन्निपातजहृद्रोगः ITA-5.38.6 Heart disease due to infection or infestation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: glandular swellings; increased moistness in heart; feeling as if the heart is pierced by needles; feeling as if the heart has been cut with a knife; itching; severe pain; severe form; nausea/provocation of dosha; spitting/excessive expectoration; pricking pain; colicky pain in abdomen; nausea; black-outs; loss of taste; dryness/wasting/emaciation; dark brown discoloration of eyes; feeling of entering into darkness; salivation of kapha; feeling as if the heart is constantly being sawed; severe distress; nausea/provocation of dosha; swelling/oedema. kṛmijahṛdrogaḥ कृमिजहृद्रोगः ITA-5.39.1 Difficulty in urination mūtrakṛcchram मूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.2 Difficulty in urination due to vitiated vatadosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in inguinal region; pain in urinary bladder or basti region; severe penile pain; scanty micturition; frequent micturition; severe scrotal pain; pain in urinary bladder or basti; passing urine with difficulty. vātajamūtrakṛcchram वातजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.3 Difficulty in urination due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passage of yellow urine; passage of urine with pain; passage of urine with burning sensation; difficulty in passing urine; frequent micturition; yellowish discoloration of urine; urine with increased heat; blood-coloured urine/ haematuria; burning pain as if burned on scrotum; burning pain as if burned on penis; burning pain as if burned in bladder. pittajamūtrakṛcchram पित्तजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.4 Difficulty in urination due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness in the urinary bladder or basti; swelling in urinary bladder; slimy urine; heaviness in penis; penile oedema; urinary retention; unctuous urine; whitishcoloured urine; urine not too hot; horripilation; heaviness in scrotum. kaphajamūtrakṛcchram कफजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.5 Difficulty in urination due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of dosha; burning sensation; cold/chills; pain; urine of different colours; frequent micturition; distress; difficulty in micturition. sannipātamūtrakṛcchram सन्निपातमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.6 Difficulty in urination due to calculi aśmarījamūtrakṛcchram अश्मरीजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.7 Difficulty in urination due to faecal retention A disorder characterized by abdominal distension; pain due to vāta; obstruction to passage of urine/retention. purīṣarodhajamūtrakṛcchram पुरीषरोधजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.8 Difficulty in urination due to urinary gravel A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: precordial pain/cardiac pain; shivering/ tremors; colicky pain in abdomen; diminution of agni; syncope or swooning; severe dysuria; lessening of pain when gravel passed in urine flow. śarkarājamūtrakṛcchram, śarkarā-aśmarī शर्कराजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम्, शर्करा-अश्मरी ITA-5.39.9 Difficulty in urination due to vitiated semen A disorder characterized by difficulty in passing urine; stiffness of scrotum; penile pain; pain in bladder region. śukrajanyamūtrakṛcchram शुक्रजन्यमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ITA-5.39.10 Urinary retention mūtrāghātaḥ मूत्राघातः ITA-5.39.11 Bladder insufficiency with reverse movement of urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body; feeling of being wrapped/ cramps; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; faecal retention; feeling of rigidity; scanty micturition; passage of urine with pain; spiralling of urine within urinary bladder or basti; passage of urine with pain during defecation. vātakuṇḍalikā वातकुण्डलिका ITA-5.39.12 Benign prostatic hyperplasia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distension of urinary bladder; distension in the rectum; obstruction to passage of urine; obstruction to passage of faeces; severe pain; obstruction to passage of flatus; urine and faecal matter; stony-hard globular swelling/ gland below navel; upwardly extended prominent gland in navel. vātāṣṭhīlā वाताष्ठीला ITA-5.39.13 Bladder neck obstruction with retention of urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction to passage of urine/retention; pain; itching; pain in abdomen/flanks; pain in urinary bladder or basti. vātabastiḥ वातबस्तिः ITA-5.39.14 Bladder atony with lower abdominal distension A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal enlargement due to full bladder; indigestion; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; faecal retention; abdominal distension below the umbilicus; severe pain below umbilicus; obstruction to urinary and faecal channels bladder outlet obstruction. mūtrajaṭharaḥ मूत्रजठरः ITA-5.39.15 Urethral stricture A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urine obstruction at bulb of penis; later painless micturition; later painful micturition; split-stream urination; heaviness in penis; urine remains in bladder; urine remains in penile urethra; urine remains in bulb of penile urethra; urine with blood; straining to urinate; dribbling in small quantities on straining; scanty dropwise urination. mūtrotsaṅgaḥ मूत्रोत्सङ्गः ITA-5.39.16 Oliguria, anuria A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysuria; discoloration of urine; thirst; dryness of mouth; pricking pain in urinary bladder; oliguria; haematuria. mūtrakṣayaḥ मूत्रक्षयः ITA-5.39.17 Urinary incontinence A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urinary hesitancy; weak urine flow; difficulty in passing urine/anuria; occasional passage of urine; mild pain during micturition; scanty micturition; increased frequency of micturition; difficulty in passing urine. mūtrātītaḥ मूत्रातीतः ITA-5.39.18 Bladder obstruction due to nodular swelling A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: glandular swelling at the urinary bladder opening; difficulty in passing urine; pain resembling that of aśmarī; round-shaped glandular swelling; small swelling; fixed swelling; severe pain usually obstructing urine flow at bladder neck; sudden manifestation; clinical features of ashmari. mūtragranthiḥ मूत्रग्रन्थिः ITA-5.39.19 Semenuria A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urine mixed with semen; discharge of semen while voiding urine; passage of urine that looks like it is mixed with ash at beginning or end of micturition; discharge of fluid resembling ash water. mūtraśukraḥ मूत्रशुक्रः ITA-5.39.20 Dysuria due to heat exhaustion A disorder characterized by diminution of urine quantity, difficulty in micturition; pain; burning sensation; reddish urine; burning sensation in the urinary bladder; burning sensation in the penile region; burning sensation in anus; yellowish discoloration of urine; haematuria; urine consisting of frank blood; passing urine with difficulty; passing urine repeatedly/ frequent micturition. uṣṇavātaḥ, uṣṇamārutaḥ उष्णवातः, उष्णमारुतः ITA-5.39.21 Scanty urination with viscid, dense urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passage of urine with blood; passage of viscid urine; burning sensation while urinating; passage of whitish urine; passage of dense urine; difficult and burning micturition; yellow-coloured urine; conch shell-coloured urine. mūtraukasādaḥ मूत्रौकसादः ITA-5.39.22 Passage of urine mixed with faecal matter A disorder characterized by passage of urine smelling of faeces; difficult micturition. viḍ-vighātaḥ विड् -विघातः ITA-5.39.23 Massive bladder distension A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: colicky pain in abdomen; pulsating sensation; burning sensation; dropwise passage of urine; feeling of rigidity; cramp-like pains; pain; passage of urine after pressing below umbilicus. bastikuṇḍalaḥ बस्तिकुण्डलः ITA-5.40.1 Urinary calculus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstructed passage of urine; pain in urinary bladder region or basti; pain in perineal raphe; penile pain; scattering of urinary stream/split-stream urination; rubbing of penis due to pain; frequent passing of stools; frequent urination; passage of urine mixed with blood; pain in umbilical region; severe pain; urine resembling gomedaka stone/pale yellow; excessively turbid urine; gravel in urine; headache; comfortable passage of clear urine when stone is evacuated. aśmarī अश्मरी ITA-5.40.2 Prodromal symptoms of urinary calculus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever; loss of taste; dysuria; pain in urinary bladder; headache; pain in scrotum; pain in penis; weakness in body associated with discomfort; urine smelling of goat; increased urinary density; turbid urine; bloating of urinary bladder or basti; severe pain around urinary bladder. aśmarī-pūrvarūpam अश्मरी-पूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.40.3 Urinary calculus due to vitiated vatadosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a stone resembling kadamba flower (Anthocephalus cadamba) with pocket-like shapes; obstruction to passage of urine; severe pain; gnashing/ grinding teeth; squeezing umbilical region; due to excess breaking pain, internal burning sensation person keeps touching genitalia and anal region; difficulty in passing flatus; difficulty in passing urine; difficulty in passing faeces; excessive passage of flatus; excessive passage of urine; excessive passage of faeces; blackish stone; rough stone; irregular-shaped stone; rough calculus; stone covered with thorn; sudden onset of pain; shivering/tremors; constant groaning in agony; faeces expelled along with flatus; dropwise passage of urine. vātaja-aśmarī वातज-अश्मरी ITA-5.40.4 Urinary calculus due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction to passage of urine; burning sensation in urinary bladder as if near a fire; sucking type of pain in urinary bladder or basti; burning sensation in the urinary bladder; bladder feels as if burnt by alkali; clinical features of the disease uṣṇavāta; blood associated with stone; yellowish stone; black-coloured stone; stone shaped like bhallātakāsthi (seed of Semecarpus anacardium); honeycoloured stone; burning sensation in the bladder as if being cooked; red-coloured calculus. pittaja-aśmarī पित्तज-अश्मरी ITA-5.40.5 Urinary calculus due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction to passage of urine; disintegrating/cracking sensation in bladder; penetrating/ perforating sensation in bladder; pinprick-like sensation in vesical region; heaviness of bladder; coldness of bladder; white-coloured stone; stone unctuous to touch; large stone; stone resembling chicken egg; stone colour resembling madhūkapuṣpa; honey-coloured stone; glossy stone. kaphaja-aśmarī कफज-अश्मरी ITA-5.40.6 Urinary calculus due to crystallization of semen A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysuria; pain in urinary bladder or basti; swelling of scrotum; disappearing with passage of semen. śukrāśmarī शुक्राश्मरी ITA-5.41.1 Polyuria disorders Group of disorders characterized by increased urinary quantity and frequency with or without turbidity. pramehaḥ प्रमेहः ITA-5.41.2 Polyuria disorder due to vitiated kapha kaphajapramehaḥ कफजप्रमेहः ITA-5.41.3 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling water (hydruria) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: transparent clear urination; profuse urination; whitish/colourless urination; cold urination; painless micturition; occasionally turbid or sticky urine. udakamehaḥ उदकमेहः ITA-5.41.4 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling sugar-cane juice (glycosuria) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive sweet urination; elimination of cold urine; elimination of slightly sticky urine; turbid urination; elimination of urine resembling sugarcane juice. ikṣuvālikāmehaḥ इक्षुवालिकामेहः ITA-5.41.5 Polyuria disorder with high density urine (chyluria) A disorder characterized by urine which when kept overnight undergoes sedimentation; turbid urination; thick coarse urine. sāndramehaḥ सान्द्रमेहः ITA-5.41.6 Polyuria disorder with dense and clear urine (belluria) A disorder characterized by urine separating on sedimentation into a transparent and a turbid moiety. sāndraprasādamehaḥ सान्द्रप्रसादमेहः ITA-5.41.7 Polyuria disorder with excessive whitish urine A disorder characterized by elimination of floury whitish urine; increased urinary frequency. śuklamehaḥ शुक्लमेहः ITA-5.41.8 Polyuria disorder with semen-mixed urine A disorder characterized by urine resembling semen; semenmixed urination; frequent micturition. śukramehaḥ शुक्रमेहः ITA-5.41.9 Polyuria disorder with excessive or cold urine (phosphaturia) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessively cold urination; excessively sweet urination; profuse urination. śītamehaḥ शीतमेहः ITA-5.41.10 Polyuria disorder with very slow voiding rate A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urination with reduced flow; difficulty in micturition/dysuria; slow elimination of urine; elimination of mucus-mixed urine; elimination of slimy urine. śanairmehaḥ शनैर्मेहः ITA-5.41.11 Polyuria disorder with gravel urine A disorder characterized by minute gravel in urine; painful micturition; passage of saliva-like urine containing shreds. sikatāmehaḥ सिकतामेहः ITA-5.41.12 Polyuria disorder with urine similar in consistency to saliva A disorder characterized by passage of saliva-like urine containing shreds; slimy urine. lālāmehaḥ लालामेहः ITA-5.41.13 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling arrack or spirituous liquor A disorder characterized by urine resembling arrack, an alcoholic beverage that is distilled from fermented mash of malted rice with toddy or molasses. In this event the upper portion of the urine appears transparent and lower portion turbid. surāmehaḥ सुरामेहः ITA-5.41.14 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling salt solution A disorder characterized by salty urine. lavaṇamehaḥ लवणमेहः ITA-5.41.15 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling flour mixed with water A disorder characterized by floury white urination; bristling during micturition; profuse urination; whitish urination. piṣṭamehaḥ पिष्टमेहः ITA-5.41.16 Polyuria disorder with urine associated with froth A disorder characterized by micturating in small quantities rapidly; transparent clear urination; frothy micturition. phenamehaḥ फेनमेहः ITA-5.41.17 Polyuria disorder due to vitiated pitta pittajapramehaḥ पित्तजप्रमेहः ITA-5.41.18 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling alkaline water A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urine resembling alkaline liquid by odour, colour, taste and touch. kṣāramehaḥ क्षारमेहः ITA-5.41.19 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling black ink A disorder characterized by the passage of urine resembling black ink; profuse urination; elimination of urine which is hot in nature. kālamehaḥ/ kṛṣṇamehaḥ कालमेहः/कृष्णमेहः ITA-5.41.20 Polyuria disorder with bluish urine A disorder characterized by passage of bluish urine; frothy micturition; transparent; sour taste. nīlamehaḥ नीलमेहः ITA-5.41.21 Polyuria disorder with urine mixed with blood A disorder characterized by urine smelling like raw flesh; urine tasting like saline; reddish urine; elimination of urine which is hot in nature; passage of blood with urine. lohitamehaḥ/ raktamehaḥ लोहितमेहः/रक्तमेहः ITA-5.41.22 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling Rubia cordifolia decoction A disorder characterized by passage of urine resembling Rubia cordifolia decoction; profuse urination; urine smelling like raw flesh. mañjiṣṭhāmehaḥ मञ्जिष्ठामेहः ITA-5.41.23 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling turmeric water A disorder characterized by passage of acrid urine; passage of turmeric-coloured urine; burning micturition. haridramehaḥ हरिद्रमेहः ITA-5.41.24 Polyuria disorder with urine smelling and tasting like acidic substance A disorder characterized by sour-smelling urine; sourtasting urine. amlamehaḥ अम्लमेहः ITA-5.41.25 Polyuria disorder due to vitiated vata vātajapramehaḥ वातजप्रमेहः ITA-5.41.26 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling muscle fat A disorder characterized by recurrent passage of urine; passage of urine having a fatty appearance; passage of fat-mixed urine. vasāmehaḥ वसामेहः ITA-5.41.27 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling bone marrow A disorder characterized by passage of urine mixed with bone marrow; passage of urine resembling bone marrow; recurrent passage of urine. majjāmehaḥ मज्जामेहः ITA-5.41.28 Polyuria disorder with uncontrolled passage of urine; urinary incontinence A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urinary incontinence; described as passing urine like an unrestrained elephant in rut; urine flow is weak and obstructed but continuous in nature; occurring without any voluntary effort from the patient; consistency of urine slimy as if mixed with lymph. hastimehaḥ हस्तिमेहः ITA-5.41.29 Polyuria disorder with urine resembling honey A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passage of astringent urine; passage of sweet urine; passage of nonunctuous urine; pale urine; urine resembling honey; honey-coloured urine. madhumehaḥ/ kṣaudramehaḥ मधुमेहः/क्षौद्रमेहः ITA-5.41.1.1 Carbuncles pramehapiḍakā प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.2 Carbuncle resembling earthenware vessel with flat cover Carbuncle resembling spider web A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a boil with raised margins; bluish-black lesions; accompanied by wetness/dampness; pain; resembling an earthen saucer; a boil with a depressed centre. śarāvikā-pramehapiḍakā शराविका-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.3 Carbuncle resembling tortoise shell kacchapikāpramehapiḍakā कच्छपिका-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.4 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a boil accompanied by a severe burning sensation; a boil surrounded by a fleshy mass network; numbness; covered with venous plexus; unctuous discharge; broad-cavity nodule; with severe pain; needling type of pain in nodule; minute opening; covered with a venous plexus. jālinī-pramehapiḍakā जालिनी-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.5 Carbuncle characterized by large size and blue-coloured lesion A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a blue-coloured boil; deep-rooted on back; deep-rooted on abdomen; painful eruption; moistening/ soddening eruption; large vesicular swelling. vinatā-pramehapiḍakā विनता-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.6 Carbuncle characterized by reddish white blisters A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a raised boil with burning skin; excessive thirst; confusion/delirium; fever; uninterrupted spread/spreads more at night; pain resembles being burnt with fire; severely painful; spreading in nature; reddish eruptions; blackish; with blisters; burning sensation; hard boil or piḍaka; white-colour on eruption. alajī-pramehapiḍakā अलजी-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.7 Carbuncle characterized by lesions resembling white mustard seeds A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a not very big boil suppurating quickly; very painful; resembling a heap of white mustard seedsized eruptions. sarṣapikāpramehapiḍakā सर्षपिका-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.8 Carbuncle with symptoms including abscess vidradhikā/ vidradhipramehapiḍakā विद्रधिका/ विद्रधि-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.9 Carbuncle surrounded by multiple small boils A disorder characterized by a large-sized boil which is studded with multiple small boils; large vesicular swelling; covered with numerous eruptions. putriṇī-pramehapiḍakā पुत्रिणी-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.10 Carbuncle charac- A disorder characterized by a boil similar in size to a lentil. masūrikā-pramehapiḍakā मसूरिका-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.41.1.11 Carbuncle A disorder characterized by a hard boil similar to the tuber Pueraria tuberosa or vidārīkanda. vidārikā-pramehapiḍakā विदारिका-प्रमेहपिडका ITA-5.42.1 Obesity Generalized abdominal enlargement due to ascites or other localized reason A disorder defined by excessive body mass and characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: decreased life expectancy; decreased sexual potency; snoring due to obstructed respiration; voracious appetite; dyspnoea on exertion; thirst; bad odour; tendency of fat to accumulate in the abdomen and bones; confusion/delirium; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; sleepiness; sweating; vigour not in proportion to body bulk; pendulous breasts; pendulous buttocks; pendulous abdomen. medorogaḥ मेदोरोगः ITA-5.43.1 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; abdominal distension; inability to walk; drowsiness/lassitude; burning sensation; diminution of agni; sluggish passage of faeces; weakness; retention of flatus; oedema; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; pedal oedema; oedema in hands; diminution of agni; shiny and glossy cheeks; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; inability to do physical work; loss of strength; inability to take/digest food; emaciated/thin/malnourished; swollen abdomen; person resembling a dead body. udararogaḥ उदररोगः ITA-5.43.2 Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal oedema; oedema in hands; oedema in legs; cracking of abdominal skin; fluctuating abdominal oedema; pain in abdomen; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; upward movement of vāta; generalized body aches; breaking type of pain in small joints; dry cough; emaciation; weakness; loss of taste; indigestion; heaviness in lower abdomen; suppression of flatus; obstruction to elimination of urine; retention of faeces/constipation; blackish nails; blackish eyes; blackish face; blackish urine; blackish skin; blackish faeces; slightly reddish nails; slightly reddish eyes; slightly reddish face; slightly reddish urine; slightly reddish skin; slightly reddish faeces; thin veins spread across the abdomen; blackish veins spread across the abdomen; abdomen on percussion sounds like a distended leather bag; upward movement of vayu with pain; downward movement of vayu with pain; random movement of vayu with pain; upward movement of vayu with sound; downward movement of vayu with sound; random movement of vayu with sound; scrotal oedema; low back pain; pricking type of pain in abdomen; breaking type of pain in abdomen; in side of chests/flanks;in back; in umbilical region; blackish veins spread on painful distended abdomen with abdominal sounds. vātaja-udararogaḥ वातज-उदररोगः ITA-5.43.3 Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation; fever; thirst; syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; giddiness or dizziness; pungent taste in mouth; greenish discoloration of nails; greenish eyes; greenish discoloration of face; greenish discoloration of urine; greenish discoloration of skin; greenish discoloration of faeces; yellowish discoloration of nails; yellowish discoloration of eyes; yellowish discoloration of face; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellowish discoloration of skin; yellowish discoloration of faeces; bluish veins over abdomen; yellowish veins over abdomen; turmeric-coloured veins over abdomen; greenish veins over abdomen; coppery-coloured veins over abdomen; burning sensation over abdomen; smoky sensation in abdomen; pain in abdomen; burning sensation in abdomen; resembling fomentation of abdomen; wetness of abdomen; soft to touch; quickly leading to ascites or jalodara; sucking type of pain; associated with thirst; associated with fever; associated with burning sensation; quickly increasing in size; pungent taste in mouth. pittaja-udararogaḥ पित्तज-उदररोगः ITA-5.43.4 Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: numbness; heaviness; loss of taste; indigestion; generalized body aches; oedema/swelling in hands; oedema/swelling in legs; scrotal oedema; swelling in thighs; nausea/provocation of dosha; sleep; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; cough; white discoloration of nails; white discoloration of eyes; white discoloration of body; white discoloration of urine; white discoloration of faeces; whitishcoloured veins spread across the abdomen; abdominal area cold to touch; heaviness of abdomen; steady swelling; unctuous in nature; huge swelling; with body pain; increasing over a long time; generalized oedema; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; smooth to touch; huge swelling; hard swelling. kaphaja-udararogaḥ कफज-उदररोगः ITA-5.43.5 Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nails of different colours; eyes of different colours; different colours appear on face; urine of different colours; skin of different colours; faeces of different colours; abdominal linings of different colours; veins over abdomen of different colours; aggravation of features on cold and windy days; aggravation of features on cloudy days; burning sensation; constant syncope/fainting; pallor/pale; emaciated/ thin/malnourished; dryness due to thirst; severe form of disease; dreadful; quickly leading to ascites or jalodara. sannipātaja-udararogaḥ सन्निपातज-उदररोगः ITA-5.43.6 Abdominal enlargement due to enlarged plīha (splenomegaly) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: progressive enlargement of the spleen, debility, lack of taste in mouth, indigestion, constipation, retention of urine, darkness in front of the eyes, excessive thirst, body ache, vomiting, transient loss of consciousness, tiredness in the body parts, cough, dyspnea, mild fever, flatulence, loss of appetite, emaciation, abnormal taste in the mouth, pain in joint of the digits, abdominal pain due to morbid vata, abnormal pinkish coloration of the abdomen, discoloration of the abdominal wall; abdominal wall showing bluish-greenish-yellowish linear stretch marks. plīhodaraḥ प्लीहोदरः ITA-5.43.7 Abdominal enlargement due to obstructed bowels A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; fever; dryness of mouth; dryness of palate; fatigue in thighs; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; weakness; loss of taste; indigestion; suppression of faeces; obstructed elimination of urine; abdominal distension; vomiting; sneezing; headache; precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in umbilical region; anal pain; obstructed flatus; rigid abdomen; reddening of abdomen; bluish striae over abdomen; bluish veins over abdomen; no striae; cow-tail protrusion of umbilicus; impacted stools in rectum/anus; passage of scanty faeces with difficulty; increased abdominal swelling between heart and umbilicus in epigastric region; faecal odour of abdomen. baddhagudodaraḥ बद्धगुदोदरः ITA-5.43.8 Acute abdominal swelling caused by intestinal perforation An acute and life threatening illness characterized by increased abdominal distension below the umbilicus; passing of blackish stools; passing of bluish stools; passing of yellowish stools; passing of slimy stools; passing of stools smelling of dead body; passing of unformed stools with ama; hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; thirst; excessive urination; loss of taste; indigestion; weakness; watery discharge from anus; severe needling type of pain; indigestion; frequent scanty stool-coloured discharge from anus; giddiness or dizziness; tearing. chidrodaraḥ/ kṣatodaraḥ छिद्रोदरः/क्षतोदरः ITA-5.44.1 Oedema A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a feeling of heaviness; unstable/inconsistent/ shifting in nature; swelling; warmth; prominence of vessels; horripilation; discoloration; swelling between tvak and māṃsa. śvayathuḥ/ śothaḥ/ śophaḥ श्वयथुः/शोथः/शोफः ITA-5.44.2 Oedema due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: migratory oedema/shifting in nature; shiny/ thin skin; rough/dry skin; slightly reddish swelling; blackish oedema; numbness; hyperaesthesia; pain; subsiding on its own; pitting on pressure and quickly refilling; increasing in daytime; soft oedema; shifting pain; various types of pain including pricking sensation or splitting pain; dry oedema; rough hairs; contractions; pulsatile; quick increase and decrease; relieved by snigdha treatment; relieved by hot treatment; relieved by massage; less swelling at night; irritation of skin (as if smeared with mustard paste). vātajaśophaḥ वातजशोफः ITA-5.44.3 Oedema due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: soft oedema; with odour; blackish oedema; yellowish oedema; oedema with redness; giddiness or dizziness; fever; sweating; thirst; intoxication; hotness; tenderness/pain on touch; red eyes; severe inflammation; yellow-reddish oedema; rapidly spreading/rapidly remitting; symptoms such as burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; coppery hairs; occurring first in mid-part of body; severe burning sensation; heat/fever; moistening/ soddening; desire for cold; altered faeces/loose motions; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch. pittajaśophaḥ पित्तजशोफः ITA-5.44.4 Oedema due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: massive oedema; firm oedema; whitish in colour; loss of taste; excessive salivation; sleep; vomiting; diminution of agni; prolonged onset and subsiding with difficulty; pitting on pressure and not quickly refilling; more prominent at night; itching; whitish hairs; hard oedema; cold in nature; oily appearance; soft oedema; thick/dense swelling; no bleeding on incision; oozing of serous fluid for a long time after incision; desire to touch at site; desire for heat; slowly spreading. kaphajaśophaḥ कफजशोफः ITA-5.44.5 Oedema due to any two vitiated dosha dvandvaja-śophaḥ द्वन्द्वज-शोफः ITA-5.44.6 Oedema due to vitiation of three dosha sannipātajaśophaḥ सन्निपातजशोफः A disorder characterized by various colours on the nails; stretch marks; varied colours on the abdomen and other body parts. ITA-5.44.7 Oedema due to trauma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe heat; reddish-coloured oedema/ haematoma; generally clinical features of pittaja type; soft oedema; with odour; blackish oedema; yellowish oedema; oedema with redness; rapidly spreading/rapidly remitting; symptoms such as burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; coppery hairs; occurring first in mid-part of body; severe burning sensation. abhighātajaśophaḥ/ kṣatajaśophaḥ अभिघातजशोफः/ क्षतजशोफः ITA-5.44.8 Oedema due to poison A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema in the dependent parts; migratory oedema/shifting in nature; burning sensation; soft oedema; painful; oedema developing rapidly. viṣajaśophaḥ विषजशोफः ITA-5.45.1 Hydrocoele and related disorders A disorder characterized by penile and scrotal swelling; roughness; dryness. vṛddhiḥ वृद्धिः ITA-5.45.2 Hydrocoele due to vata predominance A disorder characterized by blackish blisters; breaking type of pain; pricking pain; pulsating sensation. vātaja-vṛddhiḥ वातज-वृद्धिः ITA-5.45.3 Hydrocoele due to pitta predominance A disorder characterized by fever; swelling resembling ripe fig fruit or udumbara; severe burning sensation; rapid suppuration; pain of pitta type-ośa coṣa; excessive moistness/soddening. pittaja-vṛddhiḥ पित्तज-वृद्धिः ITA-5.45.4 Hydrocoele due to kapha predominance A disorder characterized by being associated with a burning sensation; swelling with itching; hard swelling; unctuous swelling; dull aching pain; cold swelling. kaphaja-vṛddhiḥ कफज-वृद्धिः ITA-5.45.5 Hydrocoele due to predominance of vitiated blood A disorder characterized by heavy swelling of scrotum accompanied by copious whitish dense discharge. raktaja-vṛddhiḥ रक्तज-वृद्धिः ITA-5.45.6 Hydrocoele due to predominance of vitiated fat A disorder characterized by clinical features of all types of dosha; cracking of penile skin; appearance of kṛmi; scrotal oedema; severe pain; undergoing rapid suppuration. medoja-vṛddhiḥ मेदोज-वृद्धिः ITA-5.45.7 Hydrocoele due to predominance of vitiated urine A disorder characterized by discharges of various colours; pain of different types; death; black blisters; severe bleeding; features of the pittaja variety. mūtraja-vṛddhiḥ मूत्रज-वृद्धिः ITA-5.46.1 Hernia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent entry of the intestines from the abdomen into scrotum and their exit (through inguinal canal); may be associated with fever; burning sensation; dryness/ wasting/emaciation. antra-vṛddhiḥ, bradhna अन्त्र-वृद्धिः, ब्रध्न ITA-5.47.1 Goitre A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling of anterior side of the neck; single swelling; swelling demonstrating symptoms of vata and kapha; localized swelling; growing in size with time; swelling hangs like a scrotum in the neck; big or small swelling in the neck; excessive pain. galagaṇḍaḥ गलगण्डः ITA-5.47.2 Goitre due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pricking pain (todaḥ); full of blackish veins; covered with black striae; blackish swelling; slightly reddish swelling; bluish black swelling; after a while becoming unctuous; painless; hard swelling; taking a long time to increase; nonsuppurative; occasionally suppurating; sometimes suppurating; unpleasant taste in mouth; dryness of palate; dryness of throat. vātaja-galagaṇḍaḥ वातजगलगण्डः ITA-5.47.3 Goitre due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fixed swelling; swelling of normally coloured skin; heavy swelling in throat; associated with severe itching; cold swelling; very big swelling; suppurating after a long time; mild pain; sweetness in mouth; palate feeling as if coated; throat feeling as if coated. kaphaja-galagaṇḍaḥ कफजगलगण्डः ITA-5.47.4 Goitre due to predominance of fat medoja-galagaṇḍaḥ मेदोज-गलगण्डः ITA-5.48.1 Scrofula (cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flesh-coloured nodular swellings on the neck which are hard; unctuous; brinjal-shaped; deep; some undergoing ripening and causing mild pain; some exuding fluid and causing severe itching; some disappearing; some reappearing; chronic in nature; glands resembling Zizyphus jujuba fruit (aproximately 2.5 to 6 cm), Piper chaba fruit (up to 7 cm) and Embelica officinalis fruit (2 to 2.5 cm). The closest diagnosis is tuberculous lymphadenitis. gaṇḍamālā गण्डमाला ITA-5.48.2 Cervical and axillary lymphadenitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stable/immobile swelling; round swelling; elongated prominent swelling; smooth glandular swelling; swelling with mild pain; Amalaka-sized swellings; swelling resembling fish egg; accumulation of same colour; numerous; itching; mild pain; reaching the suppuration stage; undergoing destruction over time; becoming chronic. apacī अपची ITA-5.49.1 Nodular swelling, cyst A disorder characterized by raised swelling; knotted swelling; rounded swelling. granthiḥ ग्रन्थिः ITA-5.49.2 Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a feeling of stretching; distress; pricking pain; a tearing type of pain associated with a cutting sensation; sensation of rending; blackish swelling; hard swelling; distended like the urinary bladder or basti; clear blood discharge on bursting; swelling abruptly increasing and decreasing; soft swelling. vātajagranthiḥ वातजग्रन्थिः ITA-5.49.3 Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe burning; fuming sensation; sucking type of pain; inflammation/suppuration; feeling of being burnt up; reddish swelling; yellow swelling; profuse; warm and bloody discharge; rapidly suppurating. pittajagranthiḥ पित्तजग्रन्थिः ITA-5.49.4 Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold swelling; goat-coloured swelling; swelling with mild pain; swelling with excessive itching; swelling of stony consistency; increasing over a long period of time; discharging thick white pus on bursting; painless micturition; body-coloured swelling. kaphajagranthiḥ कफजग्रन्थिः ITA-5.49.5 Nodular swelling, cyst due to afflicted adipose tissue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling which increases or decreases as the body mass increases or decreases; unctuous swelling; large swelling; swelling with mild pain; associated with excessive itching sensation; on bursting discharge resembles an oil-cake or ghee; soft swelling; mobile swelling; on bursting thick coppery black-coloured meda discharge. medojagranthiḥ मेदोजग्रन्थिः ITA-5.49.6 Nodular swelling, cyst of vascular origin A disorder characterized by a raised round swelling; nonpulsatile nodule; painless micturition. sirājagranthiḥ सिराजग्रन्थिः ITA-5.49.7 Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiation of blood A disorder characterized by numbness and features of pitta-predominant cyst: severe burning; fuming sensation; sucking type of pain; inflammation/suppuration; feeling of being burnt up; reddish swelling; yellow swelling; profuse; warm and bloody discharge; rapidly suppurating. raktajagranthiḥ रक्तजग्रन्थिः ITA-5.50.1 Tumour A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: deep-rooted elevation of muscle; slowly growing and nonsuppurating swelling; slightly painful swelling; broad and deep-rooted swelling; round swelling; fixed swelling. arbudaḥ अर्बुदः ITA-5.50.2 Tumour due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: profuse bleeding; nonsuppurative; rapid growth; raised; larger in size; pallor; fleshy projections forming bulky growth; with discharge. raktajārbudaḥ रक्तजार्बुदः ITA-5.50.3 Tumour due to vitiated muscle A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: unctuousness; large in size; hard in nature; covered with sirā/venous plexus; same colour as skin; nonsuppurating; stony hard; fixed swelling; painless. māṃsajārbudaḥ मांसजार्बुदः ITA-5.50.4 Superimposed tumour Development of a new tumour at the site of an existing one, or over the site of an old tumour which has been treated and resolved. adhyarbudaḥ अध्यर्बुदः ITA-5.50.5 Proliferative tumour Development of a new tumour in the body while another one persists or simultaneous development of more than one tumour lesion. dvirarbudaḥ द्विरर्बुदः ITA-5.51.1 Filariasis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: painful swelling associated with fever; swelling usually affects the limbs; preponderantly the lower limbs with an origin in the groin and spreading to legs. ślīpadaḥ श्लीपदः ITA-5.51.2 Filariasis due to vitiated vāta Filariasis characterized by swelling which is rough to touch; black-coloured swelling; rough oedema; excessive cracks; severe pain; onset of pain without cause; frequent attacks of fever; peeling of skin. vātajaślīpadaḥ वातजश्लीपदः ITA-5.51.3 Filariasis due to vitiated pitta Filariasis characterized by a yellowish-coloured swelling; soft swelling; fever; burning sensation. pittajaślīpadaḥ पित्तजश्लीपदः ITA-5.51.4 Filariasis due to vitiated kapha Filariasis characterized by a whitish-coloured swelling; glossy swelling; mild pain; heavy in nature; huge swelling; associated with thorn-like projections; heavy swelling in the inguinal region and foot; associated with muscular growths; pale swelling in the inguinal region and foot; heavy swelling; hard swelling in the inguinal region and foot. kaphajaślīpadaḥ कफजश्लीपदः ITA-5.52.1 Abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a deep-seated swelling which is broad-based; painful and round or else elongated, located in the bones and affecting skin; blood; muscles and fat; with the gradual production of excessively severe inflammatory swelling due to vitiated dosha. Generally, the condition advances to an open ulcer. vidradhiḥ विद्रधिः ITA-5.52.2 Abscess due to vitiated vāta A type of abscess characterized by black swelling; slightly red-coloured swelling; rough oedema; excessively severe pain; varied types of onset and suppuration; thin watery discharge; less unctuous discharge; slightly reddish-coloured discharge; blackish-coloured discharge; frothy discharge; penetrating type of pain; cutting type of pain; giddiness or dizziness; borborygmi with distension; sound from swelling; pulsating sensation; spreading nature of swelling; blackish discoloration of swelling; irregular appearance. vātajavidradhiḥ; वातजविद्रधिः ITA-5.52.3 Abscess due to vitiated pitta A type of abscess characterized by a swelling resembling ripe fig-fruit or udumbara; blackish colour of swelling; fever; producing a burning sensation; rapid onset and suppuration; yellowish discharge; discharge resembling sesame seeds or tila; discharge resembling black gram or māṣa; discharge resembling kulatthodakaḥ; thirst; confusion/delirium; intoxication; reddish swelling; coppery-coloured swelling. pittajavidradhiḥ पित्तजविद्रधिः ITA-5.52.4 Abscess due to vitiated kapha A type of abscess characterized by a swelling resembling an earthen saucer; pallor; cold; stiffness; mild pain; develops slowly and suppurates after a long time; whitish discharge; slimy discharge; profuse discharge; excessive/copious discharge; itching; yawning; nausea/provocation of dosha; loss of taste; heaviness. kaphajavidradhiḥ कफजविद्रधिः ITA-5.52.5 Abscess due to vitiated tridosha A type of abscess characterized by a swelling of variegated colours; various types of pain; associated with varied discharges; markedly raised; uneven and extensive; irregular nature; broad/extensive; suppurating irregularly; mixed features. sannipātajavidradhiḥ सन्निपातजविद्रधिः ITA-5.52.6 Abscess due to vitiated blood A type of abscess characterized by a swelling covered with black blisters; blackish discoloration; severe burning sensation; painful; fever; features of paittika abscess; swelling resembling ripe fig-fruit or udumbara; blackish colour of swelling; fever; producing a burning sensation; rapid onset and suppuration; yellowish discharge; discharge resembling sesame seeds or tila; discharge resembling black gram or māṣa; discharge resembling kulatthodakaḥ; thirst; confusion/ delirium; intoxication; reddish swelling; copperycoloured swelling. raktajavidradhiḥ रक्तजविद्रधिः ITA-5.53.1 Pre-ulcerative inflammation A condition characterized by widespread or nodular (localized) inflammation; regular or irregular; due to accumulation of vitiated dosha in the skin and muscles which may manifest in any part of the body. May develop independently leading to ulcer formation at a later stage or be preceded by vidradhi (abscess). vraṇaśophaḥ व्रणशोफः ITA-5.53.2 Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated vāta A condition characterized by a black-coloured swelling; slightly reddish-coloured swelling; roughly indurated swelling; soft oedema; nonfixed/movable swelling; pricking pain; breaking pain; cutting type of pain. vātajavraṇaśophaḥ वातजव्रणशोफः ITA-5.53.3 Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated pitta A condition characterized by a yellowish-coloured swelling; soft oedema; reddish swelling; rapid onset of suppuration; severe burning sensation; smoky/fuming sensation. pittajavraṇaśophaḥ पित्तजव्रणशोफः ITA-5.53.4 Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated kapha A condition characterized by a pale swelling; hard swelling; cold swelling; unctuous swelling; delayed onset of suppuration; itching; heaviness; numbness. kaphajavraṇaśophaḥ कफजव्रणशोफः ITA-5.53.5 Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated tridosha A condition characterized by a reddish swelling; soft oedema; roughly indurated swelling; nonfixed/movable swelling; soft oedema; hard swelling; unctuous swelling; cold swelling; suppuration without delay; suppuration taking a long time; pricking pain; breaking pain; cutting type of pain; burning sensation; severe burning sensation; smoky/fuming sensation; itching; heaviness; numbness. sannipātajavraṇaśophaḥ सन्निपातजव्रणशोफः ITA-5.53.6 Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated rakta A condition characterized by yellowish-coloured swelling; soft oedema; reddish swelling; rapid onset of suppuration; intensely black-coloured swelling; burning sensation; smoky/ fuming sensation. raktajavraṇaśophaḥ रक्तजव्रणशोफः ITA-5.53.7 Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to trauma A condition characterized by suppuration without delay; yellowish-coloured swelling; black-coloured swelling; bloody red-coloured swelling; soft oedema; reddish swelling; burning sensation; severe burning sensation; intensely blackcoloured swelling. abhighātajavraṇaśophaḥ अभिघातजव्रणशोफः ITA-5.54.1 Ulcer An ulcer is an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body; caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal; ranging from small; painful sores in the mouth to bedsores and serious lesions of the stomach or intestine. vraṇaḥ व्रणः ITA-5.54.2 Ulcer due to endogenous factors An ulcer developing due to endogenous factors, i.e. vitiation of dosha. nijavraṇaḥ निजव्रणः ITA-5.54.3 Ulcer due to vitiated vāta An ulcer characterized by blackish discoloration; slightly reddish discoloration; thin wound; slimy; cold to touch; reduced quantity of discharge; dry; margins tending to crack/ crackling noise in ulcer; pulsating sensation; stretching; pricking pain; piercing/breaking pain; devoid of muscular tissue; hard on palpation; severe pain; colour resembling bhasma; colour resembling a pigeon; resembling mastu; colour resembling water used to wash flesh; intense pain. vātajavraṇaḥ वातजव्रणः ITA-5.54.4 Ulcer due to vitiated pitta An ulcer characterized by its sudden appearance; yellowish discoloration; bluish discoloration; oozing resembling palasha flower washings; warm discharge; burning sensation; causing inflammation/suppuration; dreadful-looking; yellowish pustules; thirst; confusion/delirium; fever; soddened wound/ ulcer with burning sensation; cracking of wound margins; putrid-smelling wound; putrid-smelling discharge; greyishcoloured; brownish-coloured; exudation of urine-like discharge; excessive/copious discharge; discharge resembling ash mixed water; discharge resembling oil; pain as if burned by alkali. pittajavraṇaḥ पित्तजव्रणः ITA-5.54.5 Ulcer due to vitiated kapha An ulcer characterized by constant severe itching; thick wound margins; covered with rigid membranous vessels and ligamentous tissue; rigid (base); pale appearance; mild pain; whitish discharge; dense copious discharge; cold discharge; excessive slimy discharge; feeling of heaviness; thick/dense discharge; mild pain; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; mild soddening only; taking a long time to suppurate. śleṣmajavraṇaḥ श्लेष्मजव्रणः ITA-5.54.6 Ulcer due to vitiated rakta An ulcer characterized by resembling a collection of corap sprouts; covered with black vesicles; covered with black eruptions; covered with black network-like structures; smells like horses’ stable; associated with pain; fuming sensation; bloody discharge; sudden onset; yellowish discoloration; bluish discoloration; oozing resembling palasha flower washings; warm discharge; burning sensation; causing inflammation/suppuration; dreadful-looking; yellowish pustules; pricking pain; burning sensation; smoky/fuming sensation; yellowish or reddish in appearance with a similarly coloured discharge; discharge of pus tinged with blood. raktajavraṇaḥ रक्तजव्रणः ITA-5.54.7 Septic nonhealing ulcer An ulcer characterized by putrid discharge mixed with blood; pus discharge mixed with blood; excessively vitiated bloody discharge; deep-rooted ulcer; chronic ulcer; offensive putrid odour; every feature contrasting with a clean wound; minuscule wound opening; very broad wound opening; very hard on palpation; very soft; raised wound; deep-based wound; excessively cold wound; excessively hot wound; wound coloured other than black; red; yellow or white; gruesome-looking; wound raised like a fleshy protuberance; filled with putrid pus; filled with flesh; filled with sinew; filled with numerous blood vessels; disagreeable-looking; disagreeable smell; excessive pain; excessive burning sensation; excessive suppuration; excessive redness; excessive itching; excessive swelling; impure blood discharge; not healing for a long time; deviating from the normal direction. duṣṭavraṇaḥ दुष्टव्रणः ITA-5.54.8 Clean ulcer An ulcer resembling the tongue surface; excessively soft; glossy; and moist; mild or no pain; healing in the normal pattern; without any discharge; no tridosha signs or symptoms; bluish-coloured edges; nodular appearance of wound base; slightly raised mid-portion; slightly red-coloured; slightly pale-coloured; not having blackish discoulration; not overly raised; nondepressed base. śuddhavraṇaḥ शुद्धव्रणः ITA-5.54.9 Healing ulcer An ulcer characterized by pigeon-coloured margins; no internal discharge; fixed to underlying tissue; flaky surface. ruhyamāṇavraṇaḥ रुह्यमाणव्रणः ITA-5.54.10 Properly healed ulcer An ulcer characterized by healed edges; no indurated swelling; nonoedematous ulcer; painless ulcer; ulcer of same colour as skin; level with skin. samyagrūḍhavraṇaḥ सम्यग्रूढव्रणः ITA-5.54.11 Traumatic wound Various types of ulcers caused by external injury or trauma. āgantujavraṇaḥ आगन्तुजव्रणः ITA-5.54.12 Acute ulceration due to injury An injury to living tissue caused by a cut; blow or other impact; typically, one in which the skin is cut or broken Types: incised or surgical wound; stab injury or wound; puncture wound; lacerated wound; contused wound; abrasion. sadyovraṇaḥ सद्योव्रणः ITA-5.54.13 Ulcer with foreign body. A wound characterized by a pricking sensation; numbness; heaviness; excessive sensation of being struck; oedema; severe pain; patient always protecting the affected part. saśalyavraṇaḥ सशल्यव्रणः ITA-5.55.1 Fracture A condition characterized by marked swelling; inability to bear movement or rotation and touch; crepitus on squeezing; looseness of parts; appearance of various types of pain; no relief of pain in any posture bhagnaḥ भग्नः ITA-5.55.2 Fracture- dislocation Fracture with dislocation is characterized by swelling around the joints; pain increasing at night; swelling on both sides; onset of various types of pain at night. utpiṣṭa-sandhimuktam उत्पिष्ट-सन्धिमुक्तम् ITA-5.55.3 Subluxation or incomplete dislocation A derangement or incomplete dislocation of joints characterized by mild swelling; persistent pain; derangement of the joints. viśliṣṭa-sandhimuktam विश्लिष्ट-सन्धिमुक्तम् ITA-5.55.4 Dislocation with lateral displacement A lateral dislocation of a joint characterized by lateral displacement of the joint; deformity; pain. vivartita-sandhimuktam विवर्तित-सन्धिमुक्तम् ITA-5.55.5 Dislocation with oblique displacement A dislocation of a joint characterized by one of the bones being obliquely displaced; severe pain. tiryakakṣiptasandhimuktam तिर्यकक्षिप्त-सन्धिमुक्तम् ITA-5.55.6 Dislocation with downward displacement A dislocation characterized by loosening or dislocation of joints; severe joint pain. avakṣipta-sandhimuktam/ adhaḥkṣiptasandhimuktam अवक्षिप्त-सन्धिमुक्तम्/ अधःक्षिप्त-सन्धिमुक्तम् ITA-5.55.7 Cracked fracture A fracture characterized by multiple fractures with comminuted bone pieces; associated with pain. pāṭitabhagnaḥ पाटितभग्नः ITA-5.55.8 Fissured fracture A fracture characterized by distension and a sensation of being filled with bristles; multiple cracks on bone. sphuṭita-bhagnaḥ स्फुटित-भग्नः ITA-5.56.1 Deep ulcer with fisula formation A wound characterized by an excessive flow of pus; appearance of pus via a tubular pathway in vrana; discharge appearing from a tube. When a suppurated abscess goes untreated, pus accumulates in the affected area and enters skin, with muscle and blood tissues forming a tract owing to vitiated tridosha or each dosha separately. nāḍīvraṇaḥ नाडीव्रणः ITA-5.56.2 Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated vāta A sinus ulcer characterized by small, indurated opening; pain; frothy discharge; greater discharge at night; discoloured discharge. vātajanāḍīvraṇaḥ वातजनाडीव्रणः ITA-5.56.3 Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated pitta A sinus ulcer characterized by thirst; burning sensation; pricking pain; exhaustion; fever; tearing sensation; excessive warm discharge; excessive yellow discharge; putrid pus discharge. pittajanāḍīvraṇaḥ पित्तजनाडीव्रणः ITA-5.56.4 Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated kapha A sinus ulcer characterized by an excessive/copious discharge; thick/dense discharge; whitish-coloured discharge; slimy discharge; discharge at night; associated with mild pain; hard in nature; associated with itching; stiffness; excessive soddening during the night. kaphajanāḍīvraṇaḥ कफजनाडीव्रणः ITA-5.56.5 Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated dosha A sinus ulcer characterized by a burning sensation; fever; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; syncope or swooning; dryness of mouth; fatal; like the night of death. sannipātajanāḍīvraṇaḥ सन्निपातजनाडीव्रणः ITA-5.56.6 Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to injury with foreign body A sinus ulcer characterized by a frothy clear discharge as if churned; sanguineous discharge; warm discharge; constant pain; blood-mixed pus discharge; thin discharge; reduced quantity of discharge, e.g. pilonidal sinus. śalyanimittajanāḍīvraṇaḥ शल्यनिमित्तजनाडीव्रणः ITA-5.56.1.1 Anal fistula Fistula of the ano-rectal region. An anorectal abscess formed due to vitiated dosha or trauma, results in an abnormal tract or tunnel (fistula) which breaks through the perineum, anus and/or bladder regions, and discharges pus. This results in a chronic nonhealing fistula. bhagandaraḥ भगन्दरः ITA-5.56.1.2 Prodromal symptoms of anal fistula The early stage of bhagandaraḥ is characterized by pain at iliac region/iliac bones; itching; burning sensation; anal oedema; nodule leading to fistula-in-ano; burning sensation; pain. bhagandarapūrvarūpam भगन्दरपूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.56.1.3 Anal fistula with multiple openings A fistula in the anal tissues characterized by the appearance of slightly red-coloured eruptions; pricking pain; full of multiple minute pores resembling a sieve; suppurating if left untreated; wound always moist owing to close proximity to urinary bladder; heavy discharge through openings; clear discharge through openings; frothy discharge through openings; excessive discharge through openings; whipping pain; tearing pain; biting pain; pricking pain; splitting sensation in anus; flatus; urine; faeces and semen oozing from openings if left untreated; minute openings. śataponakabhagandaraḥ/ vātajabhagandaraḥ शतपोनकभगन्दरः/ वातजभगन्दरः ITA-5.56.1.4 Anal fistula with orifice resembling a camel’s neck, transsphincteric fistula A fistula in the anal tissues characterized by a red-coloured nodule; small nodule; raised nodule; sucking type of pain; excessive burning in wound (resembling a fire); burning sensation similar to chemical cautery; foul smell; discharge which is not cold; flatus; urine; faeces and semen oozing from openings if left untreated; red eruptions in the anal region; rapidly suppurating; warm and foul-smelling discharge. uṣṭragrīvabhagandaraḥ/ pittajabhagandaraḥ उष्ट्रग्रीवभगन्दरः/ पित्तजभगन्दरः ITA-5.56.1.5 Intrasphincteric fistula A fistula in the anal sphincter tissues characterized by a white-coloured nodule; immovable nodule (with large/fixed base); nodule with itching; suppurating if left untreated; indurated; redness/congestion/inflammation; associated with itching sensation; slimy discharge; continuous discharge; flatus; urine; faeces and semen oozing from openings if left untreated; thick/dense discharge; mild pain. parisrāvībhagandaraḥ/ śleṣmajabhagandaraḥ परिस्रावीभगन्दरः/ श्लेष्मजभगन्दरः ITA-5.56.1.6 Anal fistula with orifice resembling a snail’s shell (horseshoeshaped fistula) A fistula characterized by a hallux-sized nodule; pricking pain; burning sensation; itching; suppurating if left untreated; discharge with various/invariable colours; resembling a snail’s ridges; tracts damaging soft tissues; boil resembling a cow’s teat; different types of pain; different colours; excessive/ copious discharge. śambūkāvartabhagandaraḥ/ sannipātajabhagandaraḥ शम्बूकावर्तभगन्दरः/ सन्निपातजभगन्दरः ITA-5.56.1.7 Anal fistula formed due to foreign body A fistula characterized by putrefaction of muscle associated with pus and blood; resembling worms generated in moist soil; microorganisms damaging soft tissue of anal region; gases; urine; faeces and semen emanating from the tracts created by microorganisms. unmārgagāmībhagandaraḥ/ śalyajanyabhagandaraḥ/ kṣatajabhagandaraḥ उन्मार्गगामीभगन्दरः/ शल्यजन्यभगन्दरः/ क्षतजभगन्दरः ITA-5.57.1 Sexually transmitted penile inflammation A disorder characterized by painful or burning micturition, discharge of pus in urine, also associated with urethral swelling e.g. gonorrhoea. upadaṃśaḥ उपदंशः ITA-5.57.2 Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated vata A disease characterized by roughness/dryness; skin cracking; stiffness of shaft; rough oedema; various types of vātika pain; penile oedema; various types of pain; blackish blisters; breaking type of pain; pricking pain; pulsating sensation. vātaja-upadaṃśaḥ वातज-उपदंशः ITA-5.57.3 Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated pitta A disease characterized by fever; swelling resembling ripe figs or udumbara; severe burning sensation; rapidly suppurating; pain of pitta type-ośa coṣa; excessive moistness/ soddening; associated with burning sensation. pittaja-upadaṃśaḥ पित्तज-उपदंशः ITA-5.57.4 Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated kapha A disease characterized by a swelling with itching; hard swelling; unctuous swelling; dull aching pain; cold swelling; heavy swelling; copious white dense discharge. kaphaja-upadaṃśaḥ कफज-उपदंशः ITA-5.57.5 Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated tridosha A disease characterized by clinical features of all types of dosha; cracking of penile skin; appearance of kṛmi; scrotal oedema; severe pain; rapidly suppurating; discharge of various colours; pain of different types; death. sannipātaja-upadaṃśaḥ सन्निपातज-उपदंशः ITA-5.57.6 Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated blood A disease characterized by black blisters; severe bleeding; features of the pittaja variety; fever; burning sensation; dryness/wasting/emaciation; fleshy appearance. raktaja-upadaṃśaḥ रक्तज-उपदंशः ITA-5.58.1 Complications of due to forced increase of penile size A group of disorders developing due to a forced increase in the size of the penis using external measures. śūkarogaḥ शूकरोगः ITA-5.58.2 Multiple large boils on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by the appearance of large boils; multiple boils; pitted in centre of boil; painful; causing hyperaesthesia/horripilation. avamanthaḥ अवमन्थः ITA-5.58.3 Reddish-white blisters on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by red eruptions; whitecoloured eruption; blister; hard boil. alajīśūkarogaḥ अलजीशूकरोगः ITA-5.58.4 Hard boils with uneven margins on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by margins which are irregular/uneven; hard in nature; cracked/broken. aṣṭhīlikā अष्ठीलिका ITA-5.58.5 Red boil resembling green gram or black gram in size on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by a lesion resembling māṣa; lesion resembling mudga; reddish-coloured eruptions. uttamā उत्तमा ITA-5.58.6 Black boil resembling black plum in size on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by a lesion resembling a jambu seed; rapidly spreading. kumbhikā कुम्भिका ITA-5.58.7 Knot-like formations on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by knotty piḍaka; filled with barley awn. grathitaḥ ग्रथितः ITA-5.58.8 Black boil resembling a A disease of the penis characterized by a black-coloured sesame seed in size lesion localized on the skin surface; sesame-sized lesion; on the penis painless lesion; macular lesion/not raised from skin surface. tilakālakaḥ तिलकालकः ITA-5.58.9 Boil producing fever and burning sensation of the penis A disease of the penis characterized by fever; burning sensation. tvakpākaḥ त्वक्पाकः ITA-5.58.10 Vesicle consisting of many smaller vesicles and resembling a lotus petal on the penis A disease of the penis characterized by a boil resembling the bud of a lotus flower (padmapuṣkarasaṃsthānā piḍakā/ padmakarṇikasaṃsthānā piḍakā); studded with boils. puṣkarikā पुष्करिका ITA-5.58.11 Penile necrosis A disease of the penis; characterized by softening and sloughing of the glans penis along with with pain. māṃsapākaḥ मांसपाकः ITA-5.58.12 Tumour originating from penile muscle tissue A disease of the penis; characterized by painless swelling; unctuous swelling; swelling of the same colour; nonsuppurating; stony; fixed and hard swelling. māṃsārbudaḥ मांसार्बुदः ITA-5.58.13 Penile abscess vidradhiśūkarogaḥ विद्रधिशूकरोगः ITA-5.58.14 Boils with multiple tiny openings around the penis A disorder characterized by the external opening becoming occluded due to heaped boils. śataponakaḥ शतपोनकः ITA-5.58.15 Boils with blackreddish blisters on the penis A disorder characterized by blackish blisters; boil associated with blood; severe pain at the lesion site. śoṇitārbudaḥ शोणितार्बुदः ITA-5.58.16 Boils resembling white mustard seeds on the penis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: boils resembling white mustard seeds; eruptions resembling white mustard seeds in shape and size; thick and firm lesion; mustard seed-sized boil. sarṣapikā सर्षपिका ITA-5.58.17 Vesicles due to excessive friction on the skin of the penis A disorder characterized by papules/eruptions on the penis. saṃmūḍhapiḍakā संमूढपिडका ITA-5.58.18 Loss of sensation due to vitiated blood in the penis A disorder characterized by numbness. sparśahāniḥ स्पर्शहानिः ITA-5.58.19 Inflammatory penile disorder due to excessive rubbing and pressing A disorder characterized by the presence of a swollen boil. mṛditaḥ मृदितः ITA-5.59.1 Multiple dermatological diseases kuṣṭhaḥ कुष्ठः ITA-5.59.2 Skin disease with lesions resembling black claypot fragments, reddish patches A skin disease characterized by dryness; reddish colour of skin; rough/dry skin; unevenly spread; rough margins; thin; raised outer margins; severe loss of touch sensation; covered with raised hairs; excessive pricking pain; mild itching; mild burning sensation; reduced pus discharge; reduced watery discharge; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; sudden onset of complications; blackish discoloration; slightly reddish discoloration; discoloration similar to that of earthen vessels; sudden spreading nature. kapālaḥ/ aruṇakuṣṭhaḥ/ vātikakuṣṭhaḥ कपालः/अरुणकुष्ठः/ वातिककुष्ठः ITA-5.59.3 Skin disease with lesions resembling fig fruit A skin disease characterized by coppery-coloured lesions; copper-coloured nails; covered with copper-coloured hairs; copious discharges; excessive pus discharge; excessive bloody discharge; excessive watery discharge; thick pus discharge; thick bloody discharge; thick watery discharge; itching; moistening/soddening; wheal-like skin eruptions; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; sudden onset of complications; associated with heat; associated with infection/infestations; resembling ripe udumbaraḥ fruit; with whitish veins; painful; sudden opening/bursting of lesion/wound; redness/ congestion; tawny brownish-coloured hairs. udumbarakuṣṭhaḥ/ paittikakuṣṭhaḥ उदुम्बरकुष्ठः/पैत्तिककुष्ठः ITA-5.59.4 Skin disease with discoid lesions A skin disease characterized by smooth/unctuous/oily lesions; heaviness; raised lesions with glossy margins; hard margins; yellowish margins; whitish appearance; reddish appearance; covered with whitish hairs; excessive/copious discharge; profuse discharge; slimy discharge; excessive moistness/ soddening; excessive itching; excessive worms; slowly spreading; slow onset; slow onset of complications. maṇḍalakuṣṭhaḥ/ kaphajakuṣṭhaḥ मण्डलकुष्ठः/कफजकुष्ठः ITA-5.59.5 Skin disease with lesions resembling the tongue of an antelope A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling an antelope tongue; rough/dry; slightly reddish-coloured; blackish inside-out; bluish tinge; yellowish tinge; coppery tinge; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; minimal itching; minimal discharge from lesion; minimal infections/infestations; excessive burning sensation; severe splitting type of pain; excessive pricking pain; pain as if pierced with bristles; raised mid-part of lesion; thin margins; covered with rough eruptions; large circular patch; rough. ṛṣyajihvakaḥ ऋष्यजिह्वकः ITA-5.59.6 Skin disease with lesions resembling a white lotus A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling lotus petals; resembling palāśa flower; whitish appearance; reddish appearance; reddish margins; full of red streaks; associated with reddish veins; raised; excessive pus discharge; excessive bloody discharge; excessive watery discharge; thick pus discharge; thick bloody discharge; thick watery discharge; itching; worms; burning sensation; inflammation/ suppuration; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; sudden onset of complications. puṇḍarīkaḥ पुण्डरीकः ITA-5.59.7 Skin disease with lesions resembling bottle gourd flower A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling bottle gourd flowers; rough/dry; reddish in colour; broken/shattered; thin outside; unctuous inside; whitish and reddish tinge; numerous; mild pain; minimal itching; minimal burning sensation; minimal pus discharge; reduced watery discharge; light onset; fewer complications; fewer worms; dust on itching; resembling daugdhika flowers; usually affecting upper part of body. sidhmaḥ सिध्मः ITA-5.59.8 Skin disease with lesions resembling Abrus precatorius seed A skin disease characterized by lesions coloured like a kakanantika; exhibiting symptoms of all the kuṣṭha; dark-red in colour; dark-black in colour; severe burning sensation; severe pain. kākaṇakaḥ काकणकः ITA-5.59.9 Skin disease with lesions resembling fish scales A skin disease characterized by anhidrosis/lack of sweating; broad-based; resembling the scales of a fish. ekakuṣṭhaḥ एककुष्ठः ITA-5.59.10 Skin disease with lesions resembling elephant’s skin A skin disease characterized by large lesions resembling an elephant’s skin; rough to touch. carmakuṣṭhaḥ चर्मकुष्ठः ITA-5.59.11 Skin disease with rough-surfaced, scar-like lesions A skin disease characterized by bluish black-coloured lesions; rough to touch; rough/dry; itching sensation; blackish discoloration. kiṭibhaḥ किटिभः ITA-5.59.12 Cracks in palms and soles A skin disease characterized by cracks in the skin of hands and feet; severe pain; less itching; redness/congestion; associated with eruptions. vipādikā विपादिका ITA-5.59.13 Skin disease with nodular skin lesions A skin disease characterized by lesions associated with itching sensation; reddish nodules. alasakakuṣṭhaḥ/ alasakuṣṭhaḥ अलसककुष्ठः/अलसकुष्ठः ITA-5.59.14 Skin disease with small, raised skin lesions A chronic skin disease characterized by lesions associated with an itching sensation; reddish nodules; papules/eruptions; raised ring-shaped plaque; spreading out; resembling Indian doab grass; resembling flax flowers. dadru-kuṣṭhaḥ दद्रु-कुष्ठः ITA-5.59.15 Exfoliation of skin A skin disease characterized by redness; itching; blister; pain; putrefaction; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; burning sensation. carmadala-kuṣṭhaḥ चर्मदल-कुष्ठः ITA-5.59.16 Skin disease with white, reddish or blackish-brown erupting lesions A skin disease characterized by lesions with a whitish discoloration; reddish discoloration; blue-black colour; itching; papules/eruptions; moistening/soddening; pain; minute; especially in the buttocks; hands and elbows. pāmā (kacchū) पामा (कच्छू ) ITA-5.59.17 Skin disease with pustules covered with thin skin A skin disease characterized by reddish white blisters or bullae; thin wound margins. visphoṭakakuṣṭhaḥ विस्फोटककुष्ठः ITA-5.59.18 Skin disease with several ulcerated red, black or browncoloured patches A skin disease characterized by reddish ulcerative lesion; bluish-black colour; lesion associated with burning sensation; pain; multiple ulcerative lesions; broad-based; excessively moist/wet discharge; full of worms; usually appears at joints. śatārukuṣṭhaḥ शतारुकुष्ठः ITA-5.59.19 Skin disease with excessive exudation A skin disease characterized by itching; papules/eruptions; blackish discoloration; excessive/copious discharge; excessive watery discharge. vicarcikā विचर्चिका ITA-5.59.20 Skin disease localized in primary circulating nutrient fluid A skin disease characterized by loss of touch sensation; excess sweating; mild itching; discoloration; dryness. tvaggatakuṣṭhaḥ त्वग्गतकुष्ठः ITA-5.59.21 Vitiligo; skin disease with morbid white patches on skin A skin disease characterized by patches of hypopigmented, white-coloured skin lesions; without discharge. śvitraḥ श्वित्रः ITA-5.59.22 Vata-predominant urticaria A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling an insect/ wasp sting; itching; severe pricking type of pain; vomiting; fever; internal burning sensation; oedematous lesions appearing on skin; dominance of vata dosha. śītapittam शीतपित्तम् ITA-5.59.23 Kapha-predominant urticaria A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling an insect/ wasp sting; itching; severe pricking type of pain; vomiting; fever; internal burning sensation; oedematous lesions appearing on the skin; dominance of kapha dosha; raised lesions; redness/congestion; itching; circular patches; internal burning sensation. udardaḥ उदर्दः ITA-5.59.24 Transient large circular A skin disease characterized by a reddish circular rash; skin eruptions multiple circular lesions or rashes; lesions associated with excessive itching. (A transient condition occurring due to improper administration of emesis therapy or forceful suppression of vomiting. koṭhaḥ कोठः ITA-5.59.25 Warts A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nail-like projections from the skin surface; fixed projection; rough-textured projection; haemorrhoidal mass-like projection from skin surface; whitish projection; blackish projection. carmakīlaḥ चर्मकीलः ITA-5.60.1 Dermatological condition with very fast spreading skin lesions, erysipelas A disorder characterized by swelling spreading all over the body; swelling spreading suddenly; swelling covering wide area; swelling not very raised. visarpaḥ विसर्पः ITA-5.60.2 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; burning sensation of eye; thirst; pricking type of pain; severe pain; generalized body aches; cramps; tremors; fever; black-outs; cough; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; breaking/splitting pain in joints; feel of loosening in bones; loosening/dislocation of joints; shivering/tremors; loss of taste; indigestion; querulous eyes; bleeding; tingling sensation; greyish-coloured oedema; slightly reddish-coloured oedema; excessive tearing sensation; excessive stretching; excessive contracture; horripilation; excessive twitching; constitutional features as in vātaja fever; wound/ulcer formation after rupture of ripened abscess. vātajavisarpaḥ वातजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.3 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever; thirst; syncope or swooning; confusion/ delirium; vomiting/emesis; loss of taste; breaking pain in body; excessive perspiration; burning sensation inside the body; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; headache; querulous eyes; insomnia/sleeplessness; distress/ discontent/restlessness; giddiness or dizziness; excessive desire for cold water; excessive desire for cold air; greenish tint in eyes/excessive icterus; green-coloured urine; greenish tint in stool; patient having greenish vision; yellow-coloured eyes; yellowish discoloration of urine; excessive yellow tint to stool; patient having yellowish vision; pinkish coloration of visarpa-affected area; greenish coloration of visarpa-affected area; yellowish coloration of visarpa-affected area; bluish coloration of visarpa-affected area; blackish coloration of visarpa-affected area; redness of visarpa-affected area; local swelling; severe burning sensation; excessive breaking pain; eruption with pinkish discharge; eruption with greenish discharge; eruption with yellowish discharge; eruption with bluish discharge; eruption with blackish discharge; eruptions with bloody discharge/bleeding; speedy/quick/swift gait; furuncle with deep red colour; constitutional features of pittaja fever; pitta-dominant wound formation in ripened and ruptured. pittajavisarpaḥ पित्तजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.4 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: chills; fever with chills; heaviness; sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; loss of taste; sweet taste in mouth; sticky feeling in mouth; sputum/expectoration; vomiting; lethargy; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; loss of digestive power; weakness; swelling over affected area of body; pallor over affected area of body; not much redness over affected area of body; unctuousness over affected area of body; numbness over affected area of body; stiffness over affected area of body; heaviness over affected area of body; mild pain over affected area of body; eruption ripening with difficulty; late-ripening eruption; eruption covered with thick skin; whitish-coloured eruption; blisters with pallor; whitish discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; fibrous discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; thick discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; clotted discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; unctuous discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; thick and heavy-netted covering over upper body; thick and unctuous skin covering; chronic in nature; white nails; white eyes; whitish face; whitish skin; whitish urine; whitish stool; slow (forward) movement; mild pain; excessive itching; associated with itching; smooth/ unctuous/oily; constitutional features as in kaphaja fever; kapha-dominant wound formation in ripened and ruptured abscess. kaphajavisarpaḥ कफजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.5 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated tridosha Cellulitis characterized by symptoms of all the three dosas with a high rate of fatality sannipātajavisarpaḥ सन्निपातजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.6 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated vata and pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vomiting; diarrhoea; syncope or swooning; burning sensation; confusion/delirium; fever; respiratory distress; loss of taste; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; breaking/splitting pain in joints; feeling as if burnt with heated charcoal; thirst; the affected area appears coal-black or red in colour; blisters resembling a thermal burn; rapidly; associated with or progressing towards vital points. agnivisarpaḥ/ vātapittajavisarpaḥ/ agnidāhajavisarpaḥ अग्निविसर्पः/ वातपित्तजविसर्पः/ अग्निदाहजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.7 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated vata and kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a series of slowly ripening nodules in a kapha-dominant region; a series of associated nodules in a region with vessels; muscles or skin; severe pain; large/small neoplasm or growth; elongated/round neoplasm or growth; red-coloured neoplasm or growth; fever; diarrhoea; cough; hiccup; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; dryness/ wasting/emaciation; confusion/delirium; discoloration; loss of taste; indigestion; excessive salivation; vomiting; syncope or swooning; breaking type of pain in body; sleep; distress/ discontent/restlessness; diminution of agni; rough nodules; giddiness or dizziness. granthivisarpaḥ/ vātakaphajavisarpaḥ ग्रन्थिविसर्पः/ वातकफजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.8 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated pitta and kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever with chills; heaviness of head; burning sensation; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; fatigue; sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; confusion/delirium; aversion to food; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; loss of agni weakness; breaking/splitting type of bone pain; syncope or swooning; thirst; feeling as if body channels are covered with sticky material; dullness/ inactivity/sluggishness of sense organs; occasional defecation; convulsive movements of body; generalized body aches; distress/discontent/restlessness; anxious curiosity; predominantly in āmāśaya region; affecting specific organ/ region/body part; area of red nodules; area of yellowish nodules; area of whitish nodules; area of mecaka (resembling the ocelli in a peacock’s tail) nodules; area of blackish nodules; misty/unclean area; unctuous area; area with excessive heat; heaviness; heavy and wet feeling with pain; oedematous; deep-seated suppuration; without any discharge; getting moist very quickly; soft tissue and muscles with sweat; soft tissue and muscles with moisture; skin with sweat; moist skin; putrefaction of mamsa; putrid smell; gradual mild pain; breaking down on touch and feeling muddy or slushy; breaking down after suppuration; foul smelling and moist soft tissue; visible blood vessels and soft tissue/ muscles; cadaveric smell; loss of consciousness; dementia; rigidity/stiffness; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; dulling of senses; defecation with ama; friable on touch because sodden; resembling mud owing to muscle decay; exposed ligaments; tendons and vascular bundles; kardamavisarpaḥ/ pittakaphajavisarpaḥ कर्दमविसर्पः/ पित्तकफजविसर्पः ITA-5.60.9 Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to trauma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: grey-coloured oedema; red-coloured oedema; fever; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; vesicles resembling horse gram seeds; blackish eruptions; pain. kṣatajavisarpaḥ क्षतजविसर्पः ITA-5.61.1 Skin disorder with pustules covered with thin membrane A disorder characterized by lesions resembling burnt scars; blisters; associated with fever. visphoṭakaḥ विस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.2 Bullous eruptions due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by blackish discoloration; fever; thirst; breaking type of pain in small joints; headache; severe pain. vātajavisphoṭakaḥ वातजविस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.3 Bullous eruptions due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by fever; thirst; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; yellowish-red discoloration; pain; discharge. pittajavisphoṭakaḥ पित्तजविस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.4 Bullous eruptions due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by loss of taste; painless; itching; hardness; taking a long time to suppurate; vomiting; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; pallor. kaphajavisphoṭakaḥ कफजविस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.5 Bullous eruptions due to any two vitiated dosha dvandvajavisphoṭakaḥ द्वन्द्वजविस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.6 Bullous eruptions due to vitiated tridosha sannipātajavisphoṭakaḥ सन्निपातजविस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.7 Bullous eruptions due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by eruptions resembling gunja or vidruma/coral. raktajavisphoṭakaḥ रक्तजविस्फोटकः ITA-5.61.8 Lentil-shaped pox disease A disorder characterized by lentil-shaped pustules on skin; The presentation resembles smallpox and such other eruptive fevers. masūrikā मसूरिका ITA-5.61.9 Prodromal symptoms of lentil-shaped pox disease Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by fever; itching; breaking pain in body; distress/discontent/ restlessness; giddiness or dizziness; oedema on skin; discoloration; redness of eyes. masūrikāpūrvarūpam मसूरिकापूर्वरूपम् ITA-5.61.10 Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated vata Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by blackish eruptions; slightly reddish eruptions; dry eruptions; severe pain; hard eruptions; taking a long time to suppurate; breaking/splitting pain in joints; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; breaking type of pain in small joints; cough; tremors; distress/discontent/restlessness; exhaustion without exertion; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; dryness of tongue; thirst; loss of taste. vātajamasūrikā वातजमसूरिका ITA-5.61.11 Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated pitta Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by red eruptions; yellow eruptions; blackish eruptions; burning sensation; severe pain; rapidly suppurating; altered stools/ loose motions; generalized body aches; burning sensation; thirst; loss of taste; stomatitis; redness of eyes; severe fever; very distressing with high fever. pittajamasūrikā पित्तजमसूरिका ITA-5.61.12 Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated kapha Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by salivation; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; headache; heaviness of the limbs; nausea; loss of taste; sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; lethargy; white; unctuous apprearance of eruptions; large eruptions; associated with an itching sensation; mild pain; taking a long time to suppurate. kaphajamasūrikā कफजमसूरिका ITA-5.61.13 Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated tridosha Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by blue eruptions; flat eruptions; depresssed in the centre; severe pain; taking a long time to suppurate; excessive pus discharge; obstruction of throat; loss of taste; rigidity/stiffness; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; distress/discontent/restlessness. tridoṣajamasūrikā त्रिदोषजमसूरिका ITA-5.61.14 Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated blood Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by red eruptions; yellow eruptions; blackish eruptions; burning sensation; severe pain; rapidly suppurating; altered stools/ loose motions; generalized body aches; burning sensation; thirst; loss of taste; stomatitis; redness of eyes; severe fever; very distressing with high fever. raktajamasūrikā रक्तजमसूरिका ITA-5.61.15 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in skin Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by vesicles resembling bubbles in water; watery discharge on rupture of vesicles; lesser severity. tvakgatamasūrikā/ rasadhātugatamasūrikā त्वक्गतमसूरिका/ रसधातुगतमसूरिका ITA-5.61.16 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in raktadhātu Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by eruptions resembling blood; sudden onset of suppuration; thin skin; discharge of blood on rupture; not very severe. raktagatamasūrikā रक्तगतमसूरिका ITA-5.61.17 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in muscle Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by hard eruptions; unctuous appearance of eruptions; taking a long time to suppurate; thick skin; body pain; thirst; itching; fever; distress/discontent/restlessness. māṃsagatamasūrikā मांसगतमसूरिका ITA-5.61.18 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in fat Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by rounded eruptions; soft on touch; slightly raised; associated with severe fever; broad; unctuous apprearance of eruptions; associated with pain; unconsciousness/confusion; distress/ discontent/restlessness; burning sensation. medogatamasūrikā मेदोगतमसूरिका ITA-5.61.19 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in bone Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by eruptions which are small in size; colour of eruptions similar to skin; dry eruptions; flat eruptions; slightly raised eruptions; marked confusion; pain; severe distress/discontent/restlessness; damaging the vital parts or marmasthāna; causing sudden death; pain in bones as if stung by bee. asthigatamasūrikā अस्थिगतमसूरिका ITA-5.61.20 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in bone marrow Same symptoms as lentil-shaped eruptive disorder localized in asthidhātu. majjāgatamasūrikā मज्जागतमसूरिका ITA-5.61.21 Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in semen Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by the suppurating appearance of the eruptions); unctuous apprearance of eruptions; minute eruptions; extremely painful; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; distress/ discontent/restlessness; unconsciousness/confusion; burning sensation; associated with insanity; causing death. śukragatamasūrikā शुक्रगतमसूरिका ITA-5.62.1 Group of disorders in which dosha pathogenesis has a single definitive diagnostic outcome Miscellaneous group of morbid conditions ranging from very fatal conditions such as agnirōhiṇī and valmīka to conditions occurring in children such as ajagallikā and ahipūtanā These conditions have a specific, consolidated description of presenting signs and symptoms and minimum details in respect of etiology, subtypes, etc., compared with major disorders such as jvara, prameha and kuṣṭa. kṣudrarogaḥ क्षुद्ररोगः ITA-5.62.2 Papules in children resembling green gram A disorder characterized by hard nodular/papular lesions; painless nodule; nodule of green gram size; skin-coloured nodule; waxy/unctuous lesion. ajagallikā अजगल्लिका ITA-5.62.3 Skin lesions resembling barley seeds A disorder characterized by knotted lesions; lesions located in muscle tissue; barley-shaped lesions; very hard lesions. yavaprakhyā यवप्रख्या ITA-5.62.4 Raised papule without opening A disorder characterized by a lesion with small amount of pus or tending not to suppurate; lesion without punctum; raised circular lesion; thick and firm lesion; lesion resembling unripe fig fruit. āntrālajī आन्त्रालजी ITA-5.62.5 Papules resembling a ripe fig A disorder characterized by lesion resembling a ripe fig fruit; intense burning sensation; lesion with wide opening; roundshaped; fever. vivṛtā विवृता ITA-5.62.6 Skin lesions resembling A disorder characterized by hard nodular swellings; tortoise tortoise shell shell-like swelling raised in the middle; five or six in number. kacchapikā कच्छपिका ITA-5.62.7 Anthill-like growth on palms; sole; neck with openings A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the occurrence of a lesion with multiple minute openings in the palm resembling an anthill; lesion with multiple minute openings in sole resembling an anthill; lesion with multiple minute openings in supraclavicular region resembling an anthill; lesion with multiple minute openings at joints resembling an anthill; pain; associated with itching; burning sensation; excessive sticky discharge; gradual development; pricking pain. valmīkaḥ वल्मीकः ITA-5.62.8 Skin lesions with many small central vesicles resembling lotus fruit seeds A disorder characterized by a conglomeration of numerous papular lesions resembling the carpellary, receptacle and seed capsules of lotus flower. indraviddhā इन्द्रविद्धा ITA-5.62.9 Circular bloodfilled eruption A disorder characterized by a main lesion surrounded by many small reddish lesions; rounded eruptions; rounded lesions; raised lesions; lesions associated with severe pain; abundant papular lesions. gardabhikā गर्दभिका ITA-5.62.10 Temporomandibular joint region inflammation A disorder characterized by a swelling with pain in the lower jaw joint; firm swelling in the lower jaw joint. pāṣāṇagardabhaḥ पाषाणगर्दभः ITA-5.62.11 Abscess in the inner part of the ear A disorder characterized by a swelling associated with severe pain; nodular swelling over pinna of ear; nodular swelling around the external ear; nodular swelling on posterior surface of pinna; nodule resembling the lotus root; hard nodular swelling; fixed nodular swelling. panasikā पनसिका ITA-5.62.12 Nonsuppurating cellulitis A disorder characterized by a slowly spreading swelling; swelling tending not to suppurate; small swelling; coppercoloured swelling; associated with fever. jālagardabhaḥ जालगर्दभः ITA-5.62.13 Round skin lesions on scalp A disorder characterized by occurrence of a lesion associated with fever; popular lesion in supraclavicular region; circular lesion; papular lesion associated with severe pain. irivellikā इरिवेल्लिका ITA-5.62.14 Black skin lesions on arm, lateral chest wall, shoulder and axilla A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vesicular lesions on upper arm; vesicular lesions in and around flanks; vesicular lesions in periaxillary region; vesicular lesions on shoulder; black-coloured vesicular lesions; painful vesicles; minute papular/vesicular lesions; lesions resembling parched paddy; thick and dense lesions. kakṣāḥ कक्षाः ITA-5.62.15 Painful black vesicles on flanks and limbs A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a lesion resembling a vesicle; single vesicular lesion in upper arm; single vesicular lesion in shoulder region; single vesicular lesion in flanks; single vesicular lesion in axillary region; large vesicular swelling; vesicle/lesion resembling parched paddy. A subtype of kaksha disorder. gandhanāmā/ gandhamālā गन्धनामा/गन्धमाला ITA-5.62.16 Vesicles in the axilla A disorder characterized by blisters with internal burning sensation; blisters in axilla; fever; blisters resembling a blazing fire; blisters burrowing into muscle. agnirohiṇī अग्निरोहिणी ITA-5.62.17 Whitlow A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the lateral wall of eponychium; pus formation in the lateral wall of eponychium; intense burning sensation in the nailbeds and surrounding skin; intense burning sensation in the area between nails and skin underneath nails; fever; pain over and under nails. cipyam/ akṣatā/ upanakha; चिप्यम्/अक्षता/उपनख ITA-5.62.18 Paronychia A disorder characterized by the rough appearance and texture of nails; blackish-coloured nails; dry nails. kunakhaḥ कुनखः ITA-5.62.19 Deep-rooted abscess in foot A disorder characterized by a less inflamed nodule; deeprooted lesion; lesion with tendency to suppurate internally; skin-coloured nodule; located in scalp/head. anuśayī अनुशयी ITA-5.62.20 Abscess resembling Puraria tuberosa rhizome A disorder characterized by a round papule resembling a tuber or vidārī; circular lesion resembling vidārikanda in axilla; circular lesion resembling vidārikanda in groin. vidārikā विदारिका ITA-5.62.21 Granulated tumour A disorder characterized by a swelling of variegated coloration; moistening/soddening; foul smell; sudden occurrence of bleeding; honey-like discharge; clarified butterlike discharge; discharge resembling fat. śarkarārbudaḥ शर्करार्बुदः ITA-5.62.22 Rhagades A disorder characterized by fissuring and cracking of the feet; associated with pain. pādadārī पाददारी ITA-5.62.23 Corns, callosities A disorder characterized by a swelling resembling an Indian jujube or kola in size and shape; swelling resembling a nail. kadaraḥ कदरः ITA-5.62.24 Lesion of interdigital clefts of feet A disorder characterized by pain in the interdigital areas of feet; itching in interdigital areas of feet; sticky moistness of interdigital areas of feet; burning sensation of interdigital areas of feet. alasaḥ अलसः ITA-5.62.25 Morbid baldness affecting scalp hair A disorder characterized by hair loss; absence of hair regrowth in same area. indraluptaḥ/ rūhyā इन्द्रलुप्तः, रुह्या ITA-5.62.26 Dandruff A disorder characterized by itching of scalp; hair loss; loss of tactile sensation; dry scalp; cracks in scalp; hardening of scalp; cracked scalp skin; dry hairs. dāruṇakaḥ दारुणकः ITA-5.62.27 Furunculosis A disorder characterized by wet papules on scalp; scalp lesions with multiple openings; lesions resembling mustard seeds in shape and size; lesion resembling black oil plant or jyotishmati (Celestrus paniculatus) seeds in shape and size. arūṃṣikā अरूंशिका ITA-5.62.28 Greying of hair A disorder characterized by hair pattern resembling monkey hairs; greying of hair. palitaḥ पलितः ITA-5.62.29 Pimples A disorder characterized by lesions resembling silk cottontree prickles; affecting young people’s faces; associated with pain; thick and dense lesion; presence of fatty pultaceous material inside lesions. yuvānapiḍakā (mukhadūṣikā) युवानपिडका (मुखदूषिका) ITA-5.62.30 Papules resembling lotus thorns A disorder characterized by patches with thorny projections; raised circular lesions; associated with itching; thorny projections resembling lotus thorns; painless; whitish projection. padminīkaṇṭakaḥ पद्मिनीकण्टकः ITA-5.62.31 Mole, birthmark A disorder characterized by a painless circular lesion; slightly raised from skin surface; minute lesion; reddish or reddish tinged; smooth-textured lesion; resembles carmakīla; present since birth/congenital. jatumaṇiḥ जतुमणिः ITA-5.62.32 Spots resembling black gram A disorder characterized by painless round lesions on body; lesions resembling black gram; blackish-coloured lesion; raised from the skin surface. maṣakaḥ मषकः ITA-5.62.33 Black boil resembling tila seed A disorder characterized by a black-coloured lesion localized on skin surface; sesame sized lesion; painless lesion; macular lesion/flush with skin. tilakālakaḥ तिलकालकः ITA-5.62.34 Congenital bluish or black patch on body A disorder characterized by circular patches on body; largesized patches; small-sized patches; bluish black-coloured patches; blackish-coloured patches; painless patches. nyacchaḥ न्यच्छः ITA-5.62.35 Black patch on face or body part A disorder characterized by a black-coloured circular lesion on body; black-coloured circular lesion on face; painless circular lesion; thin lesion on body or face. nīlikā नीलिका ITA-5.62.36 Paraphimosis A disorder characterized by the foreskin or prepuce becoming stuck behind the glans penis and hanging underneath like a gland. parivartikā परिवर्तिका ITA-5.62.37 Preputial tear A disorder characterized by fissuring or cracking of the preputial skin. avapīḍakaḥ अवपीडकः ITA-5.62.38 Anal stenosis A disorder characterized by difficulty in defecation; narrowed anal opening. sanniruddhagudaḥ सन्निरुद्धगुदः ITA-5.62.39 Napkin rash A disorder characterized by itching in the anal region; sudden appearance of blisters; secretion from vesicles on scratching; dreadful lesion when coalescent. ahipūtanakaḥ अहिपूतनकः ITA-5.62.40 Scrotal dermatitis A disorder characterized by itching in the scrotal region; sudden appearance of blisters; presence of secretion from blisters. vṛṣaṇakacchūḥ वृषणकच्छूः ITA-5.62.41 Rectal prolapse A disorder characterized by protrusion of the rectum outside the body. gudabhraṃśaḥ गुदभ्रंशः ITA-5.62.42 Lesion resembling an injury from pig tusk, pig-bite A disorder characterized by severe pain; itching sensation; fever; associated with suppuration of skin; associated with burning sensation; reddish-coloured appearance of lesion circumference. varāhadaṃṣṭrakaḥ वराहदंष्ट्रकः ITA-5.63.1 Disorders of oral cavity mukharogaḥ मुखरोगः ITA-5.63.2 Disorders of lips oṣṭharogaḥ ओष्ठरोगः ITA-5.63.3 Disorders of lip due to vitiated vāta, cracked lip A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of mouth; excessive dryness of face; dryness of face; shifting pain; black salivation; slightly reddish salivation; cold salivation; loosening of lips; pulsating sensation; pricking pain in lips; rough lips; hard lips; rigid lips; dark/blackish lips; severe pain in lips; cracking of lips; fissuring of lips; severe pain. vātaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ वातज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.4 Disorders of lip due to vitiated pitta, acute herpes labialis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; fever; blisters; nodules with burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; smoky/fuming sensation; syncope or swooning; pain of various kinds; cracked nature; appearance of all colours except white; appearance of all colours except red; mustard seed-like eruptions; bluish discharge; yellowish discharge; itching in lips; skin-coloured nodule; painless; slimy lips; cold lips; heaviness of lips; sharp lips; tender lips; yellowish lips; moist eruptions/vesicles; rapidly suppurating; vesicles with burning; vesicles with suppuration; eruptions appearing yellow; painful vesicle. pittaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ पित्तज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.5 Disorders of lip due to vitiated kapha, subacute herpes labialis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; heaviness of lips; whitish lip; moist; unctuous lip; loss of taste; rigidity of lips; mucoid salivation; nausea/provocation of dosha; less rapid digestive capacity; confused state; mild pain; lesion similar to lip colour; painless eruptions in lips; lips becoming slimy; lips becoming cold; heaviness of lips; intolerant of cold; oedematous lips. kaphaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ कफज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.6 Disorders of lip due to vitiated tridosha, aphthous ulcer A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of dosha; occasionally black lesions; occasionally yellow lesions occasionally whitish lesions; multiple nodules; nodules of various colors; foul-smelling discharge; slimy nodule; suddenly dry nodule; oedematous lips; painful lips; invariably ripening nodule. sannipātajaoṣṭhaprakopaḥ सन्निपातज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.7 Disorders of lip due to vitiated blood, lip granuloma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: eruptions resembling the colour of date-palm fruit; tumour after blood loss; lips obscured with blood; bleeding; vesicles becoming painful; secretion resembling blood. raktaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ रक्तज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.8 Disorders of lip due to vitiated muscle, epithelioma of lip A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of lips; thickening of lips; projection of lips into a fleshy lump; maggots coming from both corners/ angles of the mouth. māṃsaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ मांसज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.9 Disorders of lip due to vitiated fat, hypertrophy of lip A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: lips resembling the supernatant layer of ghee; itching sensation in lips; stable nature of lip lesion; soft lips; crystal-clear discharge; heaviness of lips; unctuous lips; oedematous lips; moistening/soddening of lips; nonhealing ulcer; nonsoftening of ulcer. medoja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ मेदोज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.10 Traumatic lip A disorder characterized by its traumatic nature; cracking of lips; fissuring of lips; nodular swelling of lips; itching associated with lips. abhighātajaoṣṭhaprakopaḥ/ kṣatajaoṣṭhaprakopaḥ अभिघातज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः/ क्षतज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ITA-5.63.11 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sudden bleeding from gums; bleeding without any cause; bad odour of gums; blackishness of gums; soddening of gums; softening of gums; decaying of gums; suppuration of gums; blackish gums. śītādaḥ शीतादः ITA-5.63.12 Periodontitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large swelling around two or three teeth; pain in two or three teeth; large hard swelling around two or three teeth; severe pain; rapid ripening into gingivitis. dantapuppuṭaḥ दन्तपुप्पुटः ITA-5.63.13 Pyorrhoea A disorder characterized by bleeding/haemorrhage; pus discharge; tooth loose in socket. dantaveṣṭakaḥ दन्तवेष्टकः ITA-5.63.14 Dental apical or root abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling of a tooth root; painful teeth; excessive salivation; itching sensation. śauṣiraḥ शौषिरः Spongy gums ITA-5.63.15 Palatal abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loosening of teeth; fissuring of gums; fissuring of palate; affecting the mouth; affecting the gums; fever; pus discharge; haemorrhage; damaged tooth socket as in cancrum oris. mahāśauṣiraḥ महाशौषिरः ITA-5.63.16 Bleeding gums A disorder characterized by decaying of the gums; spitting blood. paridaraḥ परिदरः ITA-5.63.17 Suppurative gingivitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in gums; suppuration of gums; loosening of teeth; discharge of blood on forceful touching; dull aching pain; swelling in gums with blood oozing; foul smell in mouth; reddish/inflamed gums; itching in gums; bleeding from gums; swollen gums after bleeding. upakuśaḥ उपकुशः ITA-5.63.18 Traumatic periodontitis A disorder characterized by swelling of gums; tooth loose in socket. dantavaidarbhaḥ दन्तवैदर्भः ITA-5.63.19 Supernumerary teeth A disorder characterized by severe pain; pain subsiding on tooth eruption; excessive growth/additional tooth; severe pain during tooth eruption. vardhanaḥ/ khaliḥ वर्धनः/खलिः ITA-5.63.20 Impacted tooth; wisdom tooth. A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large hard swelling in jaw behind last molar; severe pain in jaw behind last molar; salivation; pain in lower jaw or chin; otalgia; obstructed swallowing/obstruction to passage of food. adhimāṃsaḥ अधिमांसः ITA-5.63.21 Improper eruption of teeth, irregular teeth A disorder characterized by improperly erupted teeth; eruption of teeth with disagreeable appearance. karālaḥ करालः ITA-5.63.22 Disease of tooth root, alveolar sinus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the formation of small channels/cavities; recurrent purulent discharge; disruption of skin; eruption in soft tissue; eruption through bone. dantanāḍī दन्तनाडी ITA-5.63.23 Alveolar sinus due to vitiated vata, acute alveolar sinus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: roughness/dryness; minute opening; associated with pain; excessive frothy discharge which is worse at night. vātajadantanāḍī वातजदन्तनाडी ITA-5.63.24 Alveolar sinus due to vitiated pitta, subacute alveolar sinus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; pricking pain; exhaustion; fever; tearing sensation; excessive hot yellowish discharge during the day; excessive warm discharge. pittajadantanāḍī पित्तजदन्तनाडी ITA-5.63.25 Alveolar sinus due to vitiated kapha, chronic alveolar sinus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive discharge; thick discharge; whitishcoloured discharge; slimy discharge; discharge at night; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; pain; hard; severe itching. kaphajadantanāḍī कफजदन्तनाडी ITA-5.63.26 Alveolar sinus due to tridosha, complicated sinus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation; fever; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; syncope or swooning; dryness of mouth. sānnipātika-dantanāḍī सान्निपातिक-दन्तनाडी ITA-5.63.27 Cracked tooth with A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs severe pain, odontalgia and symptoms: badly broken teeth; severe pain; tolerant of heat; pain worsening with cold substances; breaking pain; splitting type of toothache. dālanaḥ दालनः ITA-5.63.28 Dental caries A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: black cavities; loose tooth in socket; discharge from around tooth; dental inflammation; severe pain in teeth; pain appearing without cause; porous tooth filled with food debris; formation of small maggots; severe pain subsiding without treatment; blackish teeth; pus discharge from cut; bleeding from cut. kṛmidantakaḥ कृमिदन्तकः ITA-5.63.29 Hyperaesthesia of teeth A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inability to tolerate cold substances on teeth; inability to tolerate hot substances on teeth; inability to tolerate touching/tenderness; inability to tolerate wind blowing on teeth; inability to tolerate sour food on teeth; inability to chew cold food with teeth; sour food causing pain; sour food causing teeth to move; inability to tolerate dry substances on teeth. dantaharṣaḥ दन्तहर्षः ITA-5.63.30 Tartar A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: putrid smell; foreign matter stuck between teeth; causing afflictions of teeth; dryness of foreign matter; teeth acquiring the roughness of sand; debris in teeth. dantaśarkarā दन्तशर्करा ITA-5.63.31 Deterioration of tooth enamel A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: damage to tooth enamel by small particles; destruction of teeth; tartar disintegrating with tooth fragments; scaling if ignored gradually disrupting tooth enamel. kapālikā कपालिका ITA-5.63.32 Discoloured, bluishblack tooth A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a tooth becoming permanently damaged; bluishness of teeth; blackishness of teeth. śyāvadantakaḥ श्यावदन्तकः ITA-5.63.33 Alveolar abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema of gums; large swelling outside the gum; large swelling inside the gum; painful gums; burning gums; discharge of pus on bursting of lesion; discharge of blood on bursting of lesion. dantavidradhiḥ दन्तविद्रधिः ITA-5.63.34 Sublingual cyst; abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a firm swelling at the base of the tongue; fixing of the tongue; severe suppuration/inflammation at root of tongue; smell resembling a fish; erosion of soft tissue. alāsaḥ अलासः ITA-5.63.35 Ranula or cystic swelling of tongue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling on the upper surface of the tongue; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; redness/ congestion; swelling at tip of tongue; elevation of tongue; causing excessive salivation; associated with itching; burning sensation; suddenly generating oedema at base of tongue. upajihvikā उपजिह्विका ITA-5.63.36 Swelling at base of tongue A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling developing under the root of the tongue; burning sensation; redness/congestion; inflammation/ suppuration; oedema at frenula of tongue; swelling resembling tongue tip developing under tongue root; studded with sprouts; excessive salivation; burning sensation in tongue; loss of movement; rough on touch; pain in tongue; itching; obstruction to speech; obstruction to swallowing. adhijihvā अधिजिह्वा ITA-5.63.37 Disorders of palate A disorder impacting on the structure and/or function of the interior upper surface (roof) of the mouth. tālugatarogaḥ तालुगतरोगः ITA-5.63.38 Uvulitis or elongated uvula A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rapid onset of a swelling in kākala; large swelling about the size of distended bladder; elongated swelling about the size of distended bladder; large oedema at the base of soft palate; elongated oedema at the base of soft palate; thirst; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; fish- or bladder-shaped oedema at the base of soft palate; soft oedema; elongated swelling; slimy swelling; expulsion of ingested food through nose; choking sensation of throat/ obstruction of throat; vomiting. galaśuṇḍikā (kaṇṭhaśuṇḍī) गलशुण्डिका (कण्ठशुण्डी) ITA-5.63.39 Obstructive Disorders of the throat A disorder characterized by suddenly generating a stable oedema in the pharyngeal region such as pharyngitis. galagrahaḥ गलग्रहः ITA-5.63.40 Tonsillitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large swelling; large swelling; pricking pain; burning sensation; severe inflammation; pharyngeal swelling resembling kārpāsa fruit; slimy swelling; swelling with dull aching pain; hard swelling; associated with temporomandibular joint. tuṇḍikerī; तुण्डिकेरी ITA-5.63.41 Acute inflammation of soft palate A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a stable swelling in the palate region; reddish swelling in palate region; fever; severe pain; soft red swelling; reddish swelling. adhruṣaḥ अध्रुषः ITA-5.63.42 Hard palatal protrusion, A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs torus palatinus and symptoms: a swelling resembling a tortoise back or tortoise-shaped swelling; slowly growing swelling; painless; slowly developing. kacchapaḥ (kacchapī) कच्छपः (कच्छपी) ITA-5.63.43 Tumour of palate A disorder characterized by a lotus-shaped swelling in the centre of the palate. tālu-arbudaḥ तालु-अर्बुदः ITA-5.63.44 Fibroma of palate A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a painless swelling in the middle of the palate; thick and soft swelling in palate; inflamed soft tissue swelling in palate. māṃsasaṅghātaḥ/ tālusaṃhatiḥ मांससङ्घातः/तालुसंहतिः ITA-5.63.45 Cystic swelling of palate A disorder characterized by a painless swelling in the middle of the palate; painless swelling in palate; stable/benign swelling in palate. tālupuppuṭaḥ तालुपुप्पुटः ITA-5.63.46 Atrophy of palate A disorder characterized by excessive dryness of the palate; fever; exertion; fissuring of palate; respiratory distress. tāluśoṣaḥ तालुशोषः ITA-5.63.47 Palatal inflammation A disorder characterized by excessive suppuration/ inflammation of the palate; pus discharge; severe pain. tālupākaḥ/ tāluśothaḥ तालुपाकः/तालुशोथः ITA-5.63.48 Palatal boil A disorder characterized by painful soft tissue in the palate; eruption in palatal soft tissue; rough eruptions; multiple eruptions; eruptions with thick exudation. tālupiḍakā तालुपिडका ITA-5.63.49 Palatal abscess A disorder characterized by a burning sensation in the palate; redness/congestion of palate; inflammation/ suppuration of palate. tāluvidradhiḥ तालुविद्रधिः ITA-5.63.50 Disorders of throat kaṇṭhagatarogaḥ कण्ठगतरोगः ITA-5.63.51 Diphtheria A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation at the base of tongue; large swelling at base of tongue; variable types of pains at base of tongue; life expectancy of three days; obstructing the throat; soft tissue growth obstructing the throat; sprouting muscles at root of tongue in the throat; severe; developing and growing fast; killing the patient quickly. rohiṇī रोहिणी ITA-5.63.52 Diphtheria due to vitiated vāta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness in throat; dryness of mouth; pain in lower jaw or chin; otalgia; soft buds around the tongue; soft tissue swelling obstructing the throat; severe pain in soft swelling; complications depending on dosha. vātajarohiṇī वातजरोहिणी ITA-5.63.53 Diphtheria due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever; thirst; confusion/delirium; fuming sensation in throat; rapidly developing muscular projection; burning sensation of rapid suppuration; rapidly suppurating; excessive redness/congestion; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch; hyperpyrexia. pittajarohiṇī पित्तजरोहिणी ITA-5.63.54 Diphtheria due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: slimy membranes; pale; originating from blood; associated with eruptions or vesicles; obstructing the throat channels; localized immobile muscular projection; kaphajarohiṇī कफजरोहिणी ITA-5.63.55 Diphtheria due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by deep-seated suppuration; of uncontrollable progress or nature; clinical features of all types of dosha. sannipātajarohiṇī सन्निपातजरोहिणी ITA-5.63.56 Diphtheria due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by blisters; blisters with pittapredominant features; heat resembling burning charcoal; otalgia; features of disorder caused by pitta. raktajarohiṇī रक्तजरोहिणी ITA-5.63.57 Diphtheria due to vitiated fat medajarohiṇī मेदजरोहिणी ITA-5.63.58 Adenoids A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a nodular swelling of kola size; sensation in throat resembling thorn pricks; throat filled with barley awn; rough and fixed nodular swelling; stable/immobile swelling; excisable swelling/swelling can be treated by surgery only; kola-shaped swelling; raised swelling. kaṇṭhaśālūkaḥ कण्ठशालूकः ITA-5.63.59 Hypopharyngeal growth, PlummerVinson syndrome A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an elongated prominent swelling; raised swelling; obstruction of food; uncontrolled intensity; mild pain; ring-shaped swelling. valayaḥ वलयः ITA-5.63.60 Inflammatory swelling of throat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large swelling in the throat; pain in throat; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; affecting/damaging vital parts or marmasthāna. balāsaḥ बलासः ITA-5.63.61 Cystic growth in throat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a rounded swelling; raised swelling; burning sensation; itching and swelling inside the throat; nonsuppurating; soft swelling in throat; heavy swelling in throat. ekavṛndaḥ एकवृन्दः ITA-5.63.62 Pharyngeal abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a prominent round swelling; severe burning; on the lateral side of throat; hyperpyrexia; pricking pain. vṛndaḥ वृन्दः ITA-5.63.63 Retro-pharyngeal abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a solid swelling ) obstructing the throat; associated with multiple fleshy buds; various types of pain; raised; numerous overlying muscular growths; muscular growths resembling varti; severe thirst; hyperpyrexia; severe heaadache; pain resembling śataghni. śataghnī शतघ्नी ITA-5.63.64 Swelling in throat (chronic tonsillitis) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: amalaka-sized swellings in the throat; fixed swellings; swellings with mild pain; single muscular projection in throat; numerous muscular projections in throat; difficulty in breathing; difficulty in swallowing; broad-based; severely painful swelling. gilāyuḥ गिलायुः ITA-5.63.65 Throat abscess A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling covering a whole part of throat; all kinds of pain; symptoms similar to tridośaja vidradhi; rapid onset and suppuration; putrid-looking discharge; discharge resembling pus. galavidradhiḥ गलविद्रधिः ITA-5.63.66 Acute inflammation of hypopharyngeal region A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe obstruction of food and water; severe swelling; hook-like swelling outside throat; hook-like swelling inside throat; heaviness of head; drowsiness/lassitude; salivation; hyperpyrexia; restricted movement of vāta. galaughaḥ गलौघः ITA-5.63.67 Paralysis of vocal cords A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a feeling of entering into darkness constant respiratory distress; hoarseness of voice; dryness of throat; uncontrolled throat; obstructed/suffocated voice. svaraghnam स्वरघ्नम् ITA-5.63.68 Malignant tumour of throat A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a painful spreading swelling; severe form of swelling; hanging tumour leading to death; obstruction of throat. māṃsatānaḥ मांसतानः (अर्बुदः) ITA-5.63.69 Neoplasm of pharynx A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation inside the throat; needling pain; swelling; inflammation with putrified flesh; putrefied swelling inside the throat; person sleeping mostly on one side; copper-coloured swelling. vidārī विदारी ITA-5.63.70 Global oral cavity disorder Disorders of the ear sarvasaramukharogaḥ सर्वसरमुखरोगः ITA-5.64.1 Disorders of ear karṇarogaḥ कर्णरोगः ITA-5.64.2 Ear pain; otalgia karṇaśūlaḥ कर्णशूलः ITA-5.64.3 Abnormal perception of sounds, tinnitus due to mechanical reasons A disorder characterized by hearing various kinds of sound in the ear, e.g. bugle, drum or mṛdaṅga, conch. karṇa-nādaḥ कर्ण-नादः ITA-5.64.4 Deafness A disorder characterized by deafness/hearing impairment. bādhiryam बाधिर्यम् ITA-5.64.5 Abnormal perception of sounds, tinnitus due to excess excertion, depletion of structural components. A disorder characterized by hearing whistling or high-pitched sounds; hearing a flute-like sound. karṇa-kṣveḍaḥ कर्ण-क्ष्वेडः ITA-5.64.6 Otorrhoea A disorder characterized by pus discharge from the ears. karṇa-srāvaḥ कर्ण-स्रावः ITA-5.64.7 Auricular pruritis A disorder characterized by severe itching sensation in the ear canal karṇa-kaṇḍūḥ कर्ण-कण्डूः ITA-5.64.8 Impacted wax A disorder characterized by the presence of dried śleṣma in the ear. karṇa-gūthakaḥ कर्ण-गूथकः ITA-5.64.9 Tympanic perforation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: liquified wax emerging through the nose; hemicranial pain; earache; heaviness in ear; feeling of obstruction in ear; coating of liquified earwax inside ear; causing varying kinds of head disease. karṇa-pratināhaḥ कर्ण-प्रतिनाहः ITA-5.64.10 Maggots in ear A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: worm infestation; burning sensation in head; exudation of worms from ears; severe pain. kṛmikarṇakaḥ कृमिकर्णकः ITA-5.64.11 Ear abscess karṇa-vidradhiḥ कर्ण-विद्रधिः ITA-5.64.12 Otitis externa A disorder characterized by putrefaction inside ear/ suppuration; manifestation of moistness inside ear. karṇa-pākaḥ कर्ण-पाकः ITA-5.64.13 Suppurative otitis media A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: putrid/offensive discharge; without or with pain; purulent discharge from ear without pain; purulent discharge from ear with pain; thick purulent discharge from ear; excessive moistness/soddening. pūtikarṇaḥ पूतिकर्णः ITA-5.64.14 Oedema of ear A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abnormal hearing; itching; fixed swelling; whitish discharge; unctuous discharge; mild pain; heaviness of head; heaviness in neck region; heaviness over mandibular region; mild pain; itching inside ear; swelling around ear; preference for hot things; discharge of thick white fluid as in perichondritis if suppuration occurs. karṇa-śophaḥ/ karṇaśothaḥ कर्ण-शोफः/कर्णशोथः ITA-5.64.15 Tumours of ear karṇa-arbudaḥ कर्ण-अर्बुदः ITA-5.64.16 Auricular polyp karṇa-arśaḥ कर्ण-अर्शः ITA-5.64.17 Ear disorder due to vitiated vata, acute otalgia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: tinnitus; severe pain in ears (atiruk; drying of wax; thin watery discharge; loss of hearing; pain around ears; intermittent pain in bouts; hemicranial headache; rigidity/ stiffness of ear; aversion to cold; suppurating after a long time; discharge of small amount of clear fluid if suppuration occurs; occasional feeling of blockage of ears. vātajakarṇarogaḥ/ vātajakarṇaśūlam वातजकर्णरोगः/ वातजकर्णशूलम् ITA-5.64.18 Ear disorder due to vitiated pitta, subacute otalgia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema; redness; tearing; internal burning sensation; yellowish discharge; pain in ear associated with burning sensation; desire for cold; swelling; fever; rapidly suppurating; discharge of yellowish fluid after suppuration; suppuration at fluid leakage points. pittajakarṇarogaḥ पित्तजकर्णरोगः ITA-5.64.19 Ear disorders due to vitiated kapha, chronic otalgia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abnormal hearing; itching; fixed swelling; whitish discharge; unctuous discharge; mild pain; heaviness of head; heaviness in neck region; heaviness over mandibular region; mild pain; itching inside ear; swelling around ear; preference for hot things; discharge of thick white fluid if suppuration occurs. kaphajakarṇarogaḥ कफजकर्णरोगः ITA-5.64.20 Ear disorder due to vitiated tridosha, complicated otalgia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharge according to the predominant dosha; clinical features of all types of dosha; alternating preference for hot and cold; impaired hearing; associated with swelling; fever; severe pain; exudation of white discharge after suppuration; exudation of blackish discharge after suppuration; exudation of bloody discharge after suppuration; exudation of thick discharge after suppuration. sannipātajakarṇarogaḥ/ sānnipātikakarṇaśūlam सन्निपातजकर्णरोगः/ सान्निपातिककर्णशूलम् ITA-5.64.21 Disorders of ear lobule karṇapālirogaḥ कर्णपालिरोगः ITA-5.64.22 Traumatic ear lobule injury A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cracking of the skin over the swollen ear lobe; blackish swelling in ear lobe; slightly reddish swelling in ear lobe; rigid swelling in ear lobe; painful swelling in ear lobe; eg traumatic lobule injury commonly seen in older children. paripoṭakaḥ परिपोटकः ITA-5.64.23 Inflammation of ear lobule A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inflammation; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; painful; swelling over ear lobe; vesicular eruptions on ear lobe; papules/eruptions on karṇapāli; redness of ear lobe; burning sensation in ear lobe; sodden appearance of ear lobe; bluish-black swelling over ear lobe; pain in ear lobe; burning sensation in ear lobe; suppuration of ear lobe. utpātaḥ उत्पातः ITA-5.64.24 Painless oedema of ear lobule A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: its association with itching; rigid swelling; painless swelling. unmathakaḥ उन्मथकः ITA-5.64.25 Traumatic lobulitis due to improper ear piercing A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling of the ear lobe with itching; swelling of ear lobe with burning sensation; swelling of ear lobe associated with pain; swelling of ear lobe with suppurating tendency. duḥkhavardhanaḥ दुःखवर्धनः ITA-5.64.26 Pustules on ear lobe, epidermoid cyst A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mustard seed-like eruptions on ear lobe; eruptions associated with itching; manifestation of worms/ organisms in ear lobe; destruction of ear lobe tissue by organisms/worms; mustard seed-like eruptions in ear lobe with burning sensation; mustard seed-like eruptions in ear lobe associated with pain. parilehī परिलेही ITA-5.65.1 Disorders of nose and paranasal sinuses nāsārogaḥ नासारोगः ITA-5.65.2 Chronic rhinitis (allergic) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction of the nasal passage; smoky sensation in nose; sliminess in nose; dryness of nose; inability to recognise smell; inability to identify taste; infection with organisms; respiration with ghurghur sound; producing more distress than pīnasa roga; discharge from nose resembling a sheep; continuous discharge; slimy discharge; yellowish discharge; discharge of suppurated nasal excreta; discharge of thick nasal discharge. apīnasaḥ अपीनसः ITA-5.65.3 Foul smell in nose and mouth, atrophic rhinitis. A disorder characterized by a putrid odour emitted by the mouth; foul-smelling air from nose or ozaena. pūtīnāsā पूतीनासा ITA-5.65.4 Suppurative vestibulitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: ulceration of the nose with marked suppuration; wheal-like skin eruptions; excessive moistness of nose; burning sensation; associated with pain; suppuration of nasal soft tissue. ghrāṇapākaḥ/ nāsāpākaḥ घ्राणपाकः/नासापाकः ITA-5.65.5 Purulent and sanguineous rhinitis A disorder characterized by discharge of blood-tinged pus from the nose; burning sensation in head; headache such as chronic maxillary sinusitis. pūyaraktam/ pūya-śoṇitam पूयरक्तम्/पूय-शोणितम् ITA-5.65.6 Sneezing A disorder characterized by kapha repeatedly and noisily being expelled from the nose; vayu and kapha being forcefully and noisily expelled from nose. kṣavathuḥ क्षवथुः ITA-5.65.7 Sneezing due to exogenous factors āgantukṣavathuḥ आगन्तुक्षवथुः ITA-5.65.8 Thick saltish nasal discharge A disorder characterized by excessive secretion of viscid dense mucus; excessive undigested sour secretion; excessive salty mucus discharge. bhraṃśathuḥ भ्रंशथुः ITA-5.65.9 Burning sensation in nose, acute catarrhal rhinitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a severe burning sensation in the nose; air expired from the nose feeling like smoke; sensation as if entire nose is on fire; external part of nose feeling burnt; internal part of nose feeling burnt; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch. dīptaḥ दीप्तः ITA-5.65.10 Nasal obstruction A disorder characterized by obstruction of the nasal passage; obstructed breathing; obstructed feeling in nasal cavity; obstructed inspiration and expiration. pratīnāhaḥ प्रतीनाहः ITA-5.65.11 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: constant colourless watery discharge from the nose; more marked at night; clear mucus discharge; watery discharge; continuous nasal discharge; colourless discharge; thick/dense discharge; yellowish discharge; whitish discharge; thin watery discharge. ghrāṇasrāvaḥ/ nāsāsrāvaḥ घ्राणस्रावः/नासास्रावः ITA-5.65.12 Excessive dryness of nasal mucosa A disorder characterized by excessive dryness of the nose; inspiration and expiration with difficulty; feeling as if nose obstructed with śuka. nāsāśoṣaḥ नासाशोषः ITA-5.65.13 Rhinitis A disorder characterized by abdominal fullness due to constipation; headache; heaviness of body; stuffy nose; fever; cough; nausea with mucus; hoarseness of voice. pratiśyāyaḥ/ pīnasaḥ प्रतिश्यायः/पीनसः Nasal discharge ITA-5.65.14 Rhinitis due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fullness or blockage of nose; feeling as if nose is filled with dust; thin watery discharge; dryness of throat; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; pricking pain in temples; excessive sneezing tendency; loss of taste in mouth; hoarseness/weakness of voice; toothache; pain in temporal region; pain in the head; feeling as if insects crawling in supraorbital area; suppurating after a long time; discharge of cold mucus; discharge of clear mucus. vātajapratiśyāyaḥ वातजप्रतिश्यायः ITA-5.65.15 Rhinitis due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a warm yellowish discharge from the nose; emaciated/thin/malnourished; excessive paleness of body; burning sensation; excessive thirst; feeling of suddenly vomiting out a mass of fire and fumes; manifestation of eruptions inside nose; giddiness or dizziness; suppuration of nose tip; fever; discharge of dried mucus; discharge of hot mucus; coppery-coloured nasal discharge. pittaja-pratiśyāyaḥ पित्तज-प्रतिश्यायः ITA-5.65.16 Rhinitis due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: copious cold mucus discharge from nose; intermittent discharge of white mucus; whitish appearance of body; whitish-coloured eyes; heaviness of head; excessive itching in throat; excessive itching in palate; excessive itching in lips; excessive itching in head; cough; loss of taste; vomiting; heaviness of body parts; sweet taste in mouth; unctuous mucus discharge; swelling in orbital region. kaphaja-pratiśyāyaḥ कफज-प्रतिश्यायः ITA-5.65.17 Rhinitis due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by repeated/intermittent reoccurrences, disappearing suddenly with or without undergoing inflammation. sannipātaja-pratiśyāyaḥ सन्निपातज-प्रतिश्यायः ITA-5.65.18 Chronic and recurring rhinitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: moistening of the nose; dryness of nose; intermittent nasal blockage; intermittent clearing of nose; bad breath; inability to perceive smell; afflicting all sensory organs; diminution of agni; fever; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; pain in chest region; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; intermittent relapses without apparent reason; halitosis; oedema; intermittent clearing and obstruction of nose; discharge of thickened mucus resembling pus; blackish or reddish-tinged thick mucus discharge; manifestation of long thread-like worms; manifestation of unctuous-looking worms; manifestation of whitish worms; manifestation of minute worms. duṣṭapratiśyāyaḥ दुष्टप्रतिश्यायः ITA-5.65.19 Rhinitis due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a bloody discharge; coppery redness of eyes; afflicted by features of chest injury; bad odour from nose; foul odour from mouth/halitosis; inability to perceive smell; manifestation of unctuous-looking worms; manifestation of whitish worms; manifestation of minute worms; disorders of kṛmija siro roga; feeling of numbness over chest; copperycoloured eyes; itching in ear; itching in eyes; itching in nose. raktaja-pratiśyāyaḥ रक्तज-प्रतिश्यायः ITA-5.65.20 Nasal tumour A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a circular swelling over the muscles; fixed circular swelling; mild pain; large in size; broad-based; slow growing; nonsuppurating; obstructing the nasal pathway. nāsārbudaḥ नासार्बुदः ITA-5.65.21 Nasal polyp A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; excessive sneezing; difficulty in breathing; pus discharge from nose; nasal twang in speech; headache. nāsārśaḥ नासार्शः ITA-5.65.22 Nasal polyp due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the presenting part being dry; slightly red in colour; discoloration; irregular in centre; resembling kadamba flowers; resembling the wild cotton plant; tubular-like appearance; flower bud-like appearance; point of a needlelike appearance; associated with pain. vātajanāsārśaḥ वातजनासार्शः ITA-5.65.23 Nasal polyp due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the presenting part being blue; slender; spreading; yellowish tinge; looks like liver; shape resembles a parrot’s tongue; barley shaped in the middle; resembling a leech’s mouth. pittajanāsārśaḥ पित्तजनासार्शः ITA-5.65.24 Nasal polyp due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the presenting part being whitish; broadbased; fixed; rounded; smooth; pale white; resembling a karīra sprout; resembling a jackfruit or panasa kernel; resembling a cow’s udder; not burst or discharging; causing excessive itching. kaphajanāsārśaḥ कफजनासार्शः ITA-5.65.25 Nasal polyp due to vitiated tridosha sannipātajanāsārśaḥ सन्निपातजनासार्शः ITA-5.66.1 Eye disorders netrarogaḥ नेत्ररोगः ITA-5.66.2 Conjunctivitis abhiṣyandaḥ अभिष्यन्दः ITA-5.66.3 Conjunctivitis due to vitiated vata, subacute catarrhal conjunctivitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a pricking sensation in the eyes; inability to move eyes; horripilation; sensation of a foreign body; roughness of eyes; burning sensation in head; dryness of eyes; cold tears; fullness of nose; less swelling; pain in temporal region; pricking type of pain in eyes; pain in region of eyebrows; pain in forehead; pulsation in temples; flickering of eyelids; flickering of eyebrows; pulsation of forehead; splitting pain in temples; splitting pain in eyes; splitting pain in eyebrows; splitting pain in forehead; dry rheum; reduced secretion of rheum; secretion of clear tears; shifting pain; difficulty in opening and closing; formication; eyes appear swollen; feeling as if being spread with tiny arrows; relief from use of hot and unctuous substances. vātābhiṣyandaḥ वाताभिष्यन्दः ITA-5.66.4 Conjunctivitis due to vitiated pitta, acute catarrhal conjunctivitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation; severe inflammation; longing for cold application; smoky/fuming sensation; excessive watering; warm tearing; yellow discoloration; oedema; blackish discoloration on external part of eyelids; internal moistness; yellowish tears; hot tear secretion; redness/congestion; yellowish vision; appearance of eyes resembling an alkali injury. pittābhiṣyandaḥ पित्ताभिष्यन्दः ITA-5.66.5 Conjunctivitis due to A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs vitiated kapha, purulent and symptoms: lack of warmth; heaviness of eyes; swelling of conjunctivitis eyes; itching; stickiness in eyes; whiteness; excessive coldness; frequent discharge; slimy discharge; inactivity of eyes; excessive swelling; sleep; lack of desire for food; discharge of thick rheum; discharge of unctuous rheum; excessive secretion of rheum; secretion of whitish rheum; rheum appears slimy; thick tear secretion; unctuous tear secretion; excessive tear secretion; whitish tear secretion; slimy tear secretion. kaphābhiṣyandaḥ कफाभिष्यन्दः ITA-5.66.6 Conjunctivitis due to vitiated blood, acute mucopurulent conjunctivitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: coppery lacrimation; reddish discoloration of eyes; generalized deep red vascular lines; features of pittaja abhiṣyanda; reddish tear secretion; increased vascularity; reddish rheum secretion; seeing reddish halos. raktābhiṣyandaḥ रक्ताभिष्यन्दः ITA-5.66.7 Glaucoma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling as if the eye is being extracted; feeling as if eye is being churned; feeling as if half the head is being extracted; feeling as if half the head is being churned; severe pain in eyes; numerous large boils; burst in the middle; horripilation; pain. adhimanthaḥ अधिमन्थः ITA-5.66.8 Glaucoma due to vitiated vata, acute congestive glaucoma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling as if the eye is being extracted; being churned up by an araṇi; foreign body sensation; pricking pain; splitting type of pain; intense swelling of tissue; eyeball looking muddy/turbid; feeling of constriction; feeling of bursting; raised tension; twitching; ipsilateral headache; tinnitus; giddiness or dizziness; feeling as if forehead is being churned with araṇi; feeling as if eyes are being churned with araṇi; feeling as if eyebrows are being churned with araṇi. vātaja-adhimanthaḥ वातज-अधिमन्थः ITA-5.66.9 Glaucoma due to vitiated pitta, secondary glaucoma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an eye bearing red streaks; discharge; feeling as if on fire; resembling a piece of liver; burning sensation similar to that of a wound treated with caustics; suppuration of lid margins; lid margins intensely inflamed and oedematous; perspiration; yellowish appearance; syncope or swooning; burning sensation in the head; eyes resembling burning embers. pittaja-adhimanthaḥ पित्तज-अधिमन्थः ITA-5.66.10 Glaucoma due to vitiated kapha, chronic glaucoma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inflammation of the eye without excessive congestion; discharge; itching; coldness; heaviness; sliminess; rheum; horripilation; seeing with difficulty; eye dirty as if full of dust; turbid eyes; feeling of tension in nose and headache; depressed cornea; raised sclera; excessive salivation. kaphaja-adhimanthaḥ कफज-अधिमन्थः ITA-5.66.11 Glaucoma due to vitiated blood, haemorrhagic glaucoma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the bright-red appearance of the eye resembling Pentapetes phoenicae flowers; weakness of eyes; tenderness of eyes; bloody discharge; pricking type of pain; all directions appearing to be on fire; eyes resembling ariṣṭa dipped in blood; fiery red eyes; reddish margins; coppery margins; pain as if being torn apart; bleeding through eye. raktaja-adhimanthaḥ रक्तज-अधिमन्थः ITA-5.66.12 Panophthalmitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching of the eyes; rheum; associated with watering; eyes resembling ripe udumbara; burning sensation; gooseflesh-like feeling in eyes; coppery discoloration; oedema; pricking type of pain; heaviness; repeated discharge; frequent hot tear secretion; frequent cold tear secretion; swelling of eyes; inflammation/suppuration of eyes; severe pain; spitting/excessive expectoration; frequent clear tear secretion; frequent slimy tear secretion; frequent thin tear secretion; frequent thick tear secretion. saśophapākaḥ सशोफपाकः ITA-5.66.13 Non-inflammatory atrophy of the globe A disorder characterized by having all the features of sasopha netrapaka except for swelling; less swelling. aśophapākaḥ अशोफपाकः ITA-5.66.14 Atrophic bulbi following acute congestive glaucoma A disorder characterized by severe pain; sudden shrinking of eyeball; different types of pain; injury to the visual faculty; loss of vision. hatādhimanthaḥ हताधिमन्थः ITA-5.66.15 Ocular pain A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain sometimes affecting both eyelids; sometimes pain in eyes; sometimes pain in eyebrows; distortion of eyes or vision; depressed eyeball; repeated attacks in eyebrows and eyes; severe pain. vātaparyāyaḥ वातपर्यायः ITA-5.66.16 Xerophthalmia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: closed eyelids; hard eyelids; closed hard dry eyelids; blurred vision; difficulties in opening eyes; rubbing friction; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; excessive discharge of rheum; difficulty in opening eyelids; difficulty in closing eyes; dryness of eyes; desire for cold; pain; inflammation/suppuration; burning eyelids. śuṣkākṣipākaḥ शुष्काक्षिपाकः ITA-5.66.17 Referred pain in eye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in the eyebrows; pain in eyes; severe pain; lack of sliminess; absence of redness; absence of swelling; absence of tears. anyatovātaḥ अन्यतोवातः ITA-5.66.18 Chemosis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema; redness of eyes; bluish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of eyes; burning sensation of eyes; inflammation/suppuration; tear secretion; sudden onset of blurred vision. amlādhyuṣitaḥ/ amloṣitaḥ अम्लाध्युषितः/अम्लोषितः ITA-5.66.19 Episcleritis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: absence of pain; associated with pain; coppery-coloured lines; frequent discoloration; covered with red streaks; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; pain; absence of swelling; absence of excessive tear secretion; absence of excessive secretion of rheum. sirotpātaḥ/ śirotpātaḥ सिरोत्पातः/शिरोत्पातः ITA-5.66.20 Hyperaemia of the eyeball A disorder characterized by thick coppery-coloured tears; thick clear tears; difficulty in vision; increased vascularity in comparison with episcleritis. sirāpraharṣaḥ सिराप्रहर्षः ITA-5.66.21 Corneal ulcer A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a depression ulcer of the cornea; feeling of being pierced by needle; profuse warm discharge; severe pain; pricking pain; tear secretion; reddish discoloration of eyes; resembling ripe jambū fruits; slightly depressed. savraṇaśukraḥ/ kṣataśuklaḥ सव्रणशुक्रः/क्षतशुक्लः ITA-5.66.22 Irremediable corneal ulcer A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: perforation of the mid-eye; covered by granulation tissue; migrating from place to place; full of blood vessels; obstructing vision; two layers involved; reddish at the periphery; of long duration; discharge of hot tears; boils resembling green gram; lesions resembling tittiri bird feathers; severe pricking type of pain; blackishness resembling needle puncture. asādhya-savraṇaśukraḥ असाध्य-सव्रणशुक्रः ITA-5.66.23 Corneal opacity A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a white spot appearing in the black spot of the eye caused by abhisyanda and not associated with excessive pain or lacrimation; associated with discharge; absence of severe pain; scanty watering of eyes; resembling a white cloud in the sky/thin cloud in the sky; sucking type of pain; resembling the moon; resembling indu; resembling a conch. avraṇaśukraḥ अव्रणशुक्रः ITA-5.66.24 Reddish colouration of eye akṣipākaḥ अक्षिपाकः ITA-5.66.25 Prolapsed iris or anterior staphyloma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a mass resembling goat’s stool; painful mass in cornea; reddish tinge in cornea; reddish slimy secretion; bulging out of the cornea; coppery-coloured tears; slimy lacrimation. ajakā अजका ITA-5.66.26 Disorder affecting first layer of eye A disorder characterized by blurring of vision; intermittent spontaneous clear vision. prathamapaṭalagatadoṣaḥ प्रथम-पटलगतदोषः ITA-5.66.27 Disorder affecting second layer of eye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe impaired vision; pseudovisulization of flies; pseudovisualization of mosquitoes; pseudovisualization of hairs; pseudovisualization of webs; pseudovisualization of circles; pseudovisualization of flags; pseudovisulization of mirages; pseudovisualization of earrings; seeing various celestial objects in motion; visulization of rain and cloud; seeing darkness; distant objects appearing nearer; near objects appearing farther away; inability to locate a needle’s eye even with great effort; visulazation of nonexistent things; seeing actual objects with difficulty and only by going close to them; inability to see distant or minute objects. dvitīya-paṭalagatadoṣaḥ द्वितीय-पटलगतदोषः ITA-5.66.28 Disorder affecting third layer of eye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: presence of vision in an upward direction; absence of vision in a downward direction; even large objects appearing as if covered with a cloth; faces seemingly appearing with absence of ear; nose and eye; dṛṣṭi coloured according to the afflicting dosha; seeing body parts without features. tṛtīyapaṭalagata-doṣaḥ तृतीयपटलगत-दोषः ITA-5.66.29 Disorder affecting fourth layer of eye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the ability to see only the stars; ability to see clear and bright objects; complete obstruction of vision in all directions; ability to see the moon and sun; ability to see lightning in the sky; ability to visualize dazzling objects; obstruction of vision. caturthapaṭalagata-doṣaḥ चतुर्थपटलगत-दोषः ITA-5.66.30 Mature cataract A disorder characterized by ability to see only glowing objects; impariment of vision; objects appearing to be dazzling; seeing star-like objects; seeing lightning before eyes. liṅganāśaḥ लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.31 Mature cataract due to vitiated vata A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the mandala appearing reddish; mandala becoming unstable; irregular manḍala; unclear vision as if through dust and smoke; clear reddish discoloration of dṛṣṭi; enlarged pupil; small-sized pupil; loss of vision. vātika-liṅganāśaḥ वातिक-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.32 Mature cataract due to vitiated pitta A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bluish discoloration of maṇḍala; coppery discoloration of maṇḍala; yellowish discoloration of maṇḍala; pupils appearing bluish-black in colour resembling a bee; loss of vision; eyes appearing unctuous; spitting; excessive salivation; pain; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch. paittika-liṅganāśaḥ पैत्तिक-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.33 Mature cataract due to vitiated kapha A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: large-size cataracts; smooth/unctuous/oily; off-white colour resembling a conch; colour resembling a jasmine flower; colour resembling the moon; mandala widening when eyes are rubbed; loss of vision; mandala resembling a shining drop of water on a moving lotus leaf; pupil constricting on sunlight; pupil dilating in shade; whitish colour resembling a lotus; whitish colour resembling a quartz crystal. ślaiṣmika-liṅganāśaḥ श्लैष्मिक-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.34 Mature cataract due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by a pearl-coloured cataract; colour of red-lotus petal; blackish discoloration of dṛṣṭi; lustreless eyes; loss of vision; red-coloured vision. raktaja-liṅganāśaḥ रक्तज-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.35 Mature cataract due to vitiated tridosha A disorder characterized by a multicoloured cataract. sānnipātika-liṅganāśaḥ सान्निपातिक-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.36 Mature cataract in which only yellow is perceived A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seeing all directions as yellow; seeing rising sun before eyes; seeing trees as if strewn with many shining fireflies; colour of glowing fire; light blue; circular lesion; yellowish-blue circular patch appearing before eyes; seeing objects as coloured yellow; seeing objects as fire. parimlāyi-liṅganāśaḥ परिम्लायि-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.37 Mature cataract due to trauma A disorder characterized by a cracked cornea; weakness of eyes; loss of vision; fatigued mind and body. abhighātaja-liṅganāśaḥ अभिघातज-लिङ्गनाशः ITA-5.66.38 Daytime blindness A disorder characterized by yellowish discoloration of eyes; seeing objects as yellow; day blindness; normal vision at night; loss of vision after sunset. pittavidagdhadṛṣṭiḥ/ divāndhyam/ doṣāndhyam पित्तविदग्धदृष्टिः/ दिवान्ध्यम्/दोषान्ध्यम् ITA-5.66.39 Night blindness A disorder characterized by all objects being perceived as white; night blindness; eyes favoured by the sun during daytime when objects can be seen. kaphavidagdhadṛṣṭiḥ/ rātryāndhyam कफविदग्धदृष्टिः/रात्र्यान्ध्यम् ITA-5.66.40 Haziness of vision A disorder characterized by seeing everything as if covered with smoke; eyes appearing dirty with cloudy appearance. dhūmadarśī/ dhūmaraḥ धूमदर्शी/धूमरः ITA-5.66.41 Retinitis pigmentosa, central opacity of lens A disorder characterized by seeing small objects with great difficulty during daytime; pupils appearing small. hrasvajāḍyam ह्रस्वजाड्यम् ITA-5.66.42 Maculopathy A disorder characterized by eyes shining like a mangoose’s; seeing objects with variegated colours during daytime; inability to see objects in variegated colours at night. nakulāndhyam नकुलान्ध्यम् ITA-5.66.43 Phthisis bulbi endophthalmitis A disorder characterized by deformed eyes; eyes shrunk inwards; intense pain; constriction of ocular vessels. gambhīrā-dṛṣṭiḥ गम्भीरा-दृष्टिः ITA-5.66.44 Eye disorder due to over-consumption of sour foods A disorder characterized by moistening/soddening; itching; dirtiness. vidagdhāmlam विदग्धाम्लम् ITA-5.66.45 Eye disorder with a particular cause A disorder characterized by features of abhiṣyanda. nimittajanyadṛṣṭigatarogaḥ निमित्तजन्य-दृष्टिगतरोगः ITA-5.66.46 Eye disorder with no particular cause; unknown cause A disorder characterized by blindness; unclear vision; colour of eye resembling a cat’s-eye gem; occasional normal vision; fixed gaze; impairment of vision; bright-looking. animittajanyadṛṣṭigatarogaḥ अनिमित्तजन्य-दृष्टिगतरोगः ITA-5.66.47 Pterygium A disorder characterized by a spreading membranous growth; thin membranous growth; membranous growth resembling blood; bluish tinge; soft membranous growth; sudden membranous growth; painless; having blackish and bloodlike lustre. prastāryarma प्रस्तार्यर्म ITA-5.66.48 Pinguecula A disorder characterized by a soft muscular growth; whitish muscular growth; even muscular growth; gradual growth of tissue. śuklārma शुक्लार्म ITA-5.66.49 Progressive pterygium A disorder characterized by muscular growth resembling a lotus; even muscular growth; glossy muscular growth; soft tissue resembling a lotus flower. lohitārma/ kṣatārma लोहितार्म/क्षतार्म ITA-5.66.50 Papilloma A disorder characterized by a spreading muscular growth; soft muscular growth; large muscular growth; muscular growth resembling liver tissue; blackish muscular growth; muscular growth resembling dry coagulated blood; spreading soft tissue. adhimāṃsajārma अधिमांसजार्म ITA-5.66.51 Tumour of conjunctiva A disorder characterized by rough muscular growth; excessively white muscular growth; muscular growth resembling tendons; spreading in nature; swelling associated with abundant fleshy tissue; dry tissue; fixed swelling. snāyvarma स्नाय्वर्म ITA-5.66.52 Xerosis A disorder characterized by blackish fleshlike dots; dots resembling muscle tissue; dots having the lustre of a pearl shell; blackish spots; yellowish spots; resembling a dirty mirror; burning sensation; pain; altered bowels/loose stools; thirst; fever. śuktiḥ शुक्तिः ITA-5.66.53 Subconjunctival haemorrhage of haemangioma A disorder characterized by a dot resembling rabbit’s blood; painless; glossy. arjunaḥ अर्जुनः ITA-5.66.54 Lymphangioma A disorder characterized by raised lesions resembling waterdrops; raised growth like rice-paste; rounded. piṣṭakaḥ पिष्टकः ITA-5.66.55 Haemangioma A disorder characterized by an extensive branched network of rigid veins full of blood; covered with hard vessels; broad/ extensive; associated with blood; large network of veins; thick network of veins; reddish vascular network; raised vascular network. sirājālaḥ सिराजालः ITA-5.66.56 Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis A disorder characterized by papules; network of veins; situated near the cornea; vessels associated with burning sensation; vascular growth leading to friction; increased vascular network; eruptions resembling mustard seeds. sirājapiḍakā सिराजपिडका ITA-5.66.57 Conjunctival cyst A disorder characterized by a growth resembling a water drop and having a bell metal lustre occurring in the white sclera of eye and neither soft nor painful; resembling water drops; hard swelling; painless swelling; reddish swelling; extensive swelling; heaviness; smooth/unctuous/oily. balāsakaḥ बलासकः ITA-5.66.58 Acute dacrocystitis A disorder characterized by a swelling over the medial canthus; suppurated swelling; putrid purulent discharge; thick prurulent discharge; minute wound; preceding swelling; preceding redness of eyes; swelling over medial canthus; pricking pain in inner canthus. pūyālasaḥ पूयालसः ITA-5.66.59 Marginal chalazion, lacrimal cyst A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling in dṛṣṭisandhiḥ; large swelling; nonsuppurative swelling; associated with itching; painless; sharp-tipped swelling; resembling bubble of alkali; broadbased swelling; smooth/unctuous/oily; body-coloured swelling; soft swelling; slimy swelling; excessive swelling. upanāhaḥ उपनाहः ITA-5.66.60 Epiphora A disorder characterized by discharge at the inner canthus; painless discharge. srāvaḥ स्रावः ITA-5.66.61 Pus discharge from corners of eye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharge in the canthus; pus discharge; suppurative discharge from inner canthus; mixed symptoms of all dosha; discharge from inner canthus; recurrent purulent discharge; blood-mixed discharge. pūyasrāvaḥ/ sannipātaja-srāvaḥ पूयस्रावः/सन्निपातज-स्रावः ITA-5.66.62 White, sticky discharge from corners of eye A disorder characterized by white-coloured discharge; thick discharge; slimy discharge; painless discharge; profuse discharge. śleṣmā-srāvaḥ श्लेष्मा-स्रावः ITA-5.66.63 Blood exudation from corners of eye A disorder characterized by bloody discharge; warm discharge; profuse discharge; not very dense discharge; coppery-coloured discharge; profuse discharge of vitiated blood. rakta-srāvaḥ रक्त-स्रावः ITA-5.66.64 Yellowish-blue exudation from corners of eye A disorder characterized by discharge from the middle of the sandhiḥ; warm discharge; watery discharge; turmericcoloured discharge; yellowish discharge. pitta-srāvaḥ पित्त-स्रावः ITA-5.66.65 Watery exudation from corners of eye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a watery discharge occurring at the junction of eyelids and sclera; discharge from inner canthus; pain; redness/congestion; oedema; lacrimation occurring during digestion. jala-srāvaḥ जल-स्रावः ITA-5.66.66 Corneal nodules A disorder characterized by nodules at the sclerocorneal junction; coppery-coloured swelling; thin swelling; swelling with burning sensation; swelling with pain; rounded swelling. parvaṇikā पर्वणिका ITA-5.66.67 Phlyctenular keratoconjuctivitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling originating in the limbus region; coppery-coloured swelling; large swelling; swelling with burning sensation; swelling with pain; rounded swelling; situated in medial canthus; similar to lesions of the same name; hard eruption; red eruptions; white-coloured eruption; boil full of blisters; pain in interdigital space of feet; itching in interdigital space of foot; rotting in interdigital space of foot; burning in interdigital space of foot. alajī अलजी ITA-5.66.68 Chronic blepharitis, pedicularis palpebrae A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching of the eyelids; itching of eyelashes; worms originating from the canthus; occurrence of different types of worms; vitiation of eyes; itching of lateral canthus; itching of medial canthus; burning sensation of lateral canthus; burning sensation of medial canthus; eyelashes sticking together; pus discharge; worm-infested swelling; painful swelling; itching of eyelid margins; damaging inner parts of eye. kṛmigranthiḥ कृमिग्रन्थिः ITA-5.66.69 Disorders of eyelids vartma-rogaḥ वर्त्म-रोगः ITA-5.66.70 Hordeolum internum (stye) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an inward-pointing boil; external swellling; occurring under eyelid; reddish papules/eruptions; covered with similar boils; hard; mild pain; discharge similar to spilled contents of chicken egg; large, raised boil on the outer surface of eyelid with itching; coppery red boil on the outer surface of eyelid but opening inwards. utsaṅginī उत्सङ्गिनी ITA-5.66.71 Multiple styes A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: boils resembling kumbhīka seeds; enlarging even after puncture; black-coloured boils; multiple boils; situated inside eyelid; tense boils on lid margin; boils bursting on lid margin; discharging boils. kumbhīkā कुम्भीका ITA-5.66.72 Trachoma A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharging boils in the eyelids; boils with itching in the eyelids; heaviness in the boils as well as eyelids; eruptions resembling red mustard seeds; painful boils in the eyelids; white-coloured boils; thick and firm lesion; oedema; excessive discharge of rheum; pain; itching; slimy lacrimation. pothakī पोथकी ITA-5.66.73 Spring catarrh, granular form of trachoma A disorder characterized by large rugous nodules; dense nodules; rough nodules; thick nodules. vartmaśarkarā वर्त्मशर्करा ITA-5.66.74 Papillary form of trachoma A disorder characterized by projections resembling eravaruka seeds appearing in the eyelids; mild pain; minute eruptions; rough boils; glossy. arśovartma अर्शोवर्त्म ITA-5.66.75 Granuloma or polyp-like growth A disorder characterized by long; rough; firm and troublesome bud-like projections; rough; stiffness of eyelids; occurring on inner side of eyelids śuṣkārśaḥ/ lohitārśaḥ शुष्कार्शः/लोहितार्शः ITA-5.66.76 Stye A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning boils in eyelids; boils with pricking pain; copper-red boils in lid margin; soft eruption; mildly painful; minute eruptions; occurring in mid-eyelid; occurring near lid margin; itching; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; firm; green gram-sized. añjananāmikā अञ्जननामिका ITA-5.66.77 Multiple Meibomian cysts A disorder characterized by the whole eyelid being full of boils; having same colour as eyelids; even boils; large muscular growth; firm colourless boils in eyelids. bahalavartma बहलवर्त्म ITA-5.66.78 Allergic oedema of the eyelid A disorder characterized by itching; mild pricking sensation; oedema of eyelids; inability to close eyes properly. vartmāvabandhakaḥ वर्त्मावबन्धकः ITA-5.66.79 Lid abscess A disorder characterized by moist and watery eyelids; blackish discoloration; appearance resembling mud. vartmakardamaḥ वर्त्मकर्दमः ITA-5.66.80 Palpebral type of spring catarrah A disorder characterized by the eyelid becoming soft; mildly painful and copper-red in colour; mild pain; coppery discoloration; even; suddenly becoming blood-red. kliṣṭavartma क्लिष्टवर्त्म ITA-5.66.81 Ecchymosis, haematoma of lid A disorder characterized by the eyelid appearing blackish externally and internally; blackish on inside; swelling; associated with pain; burning sensation; itching; moistness. śyāva-vartma श्याव-वर्त्म ITA-5.66.82 Conjunctivitis A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a painless swelling internally and externally; inwardly moist; discharge; excessive itching; pricking sensation; stiffness of eyelids; excessive secretion of waste products; fever; syncope or swooning; nonsuppuration of eyelids; repeated sticking of eyelids even if cleansed or not. praklinnavartma/ kaphotkliṣṭa-vartma प्रक्लिन्नवर्त्म/ कफोत्क्लिष्ट-वर्त्म ITA-5.66.83 Mucopurulent conjunctivitis A disorder characterized by the eyelids repeatedly sticking together even after recurrent cleansing; absence of suppuration. apariklinnavartma/ kliṣṭa-vartma अपरिक्लिन्नवर्त्म/ क्लिष्ट-वर्त्म ITA-5.66.84 Lagophthalmos A disorder characterized by the palpebral fissure remaining open; loss of mobility of lids; nonclosing of eyelids; eyes remaining closed; painful or painless. vātāhata-vartma वाताहत-वर्त्म ITA-5.66.85 Polyp or papilloma of lid A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a growth situated at the lid margin; irregular/ uneven; developing into a growth; painless; hyperaemic; hanging; swelling resembling muscular lump; hard swelling; movable externally. vartmārbudaḥ वर्त्मार्बुदः ITA-5.66.86 Frequent blinking A disorder characterized by frequent blinking of the eyes; frequent closing and opening of eyes; painless. nimeṣaḥ निमेषः ITA-5.66.87 Warts on eyelids A disorder characterized by growths continuing after repeated excision; soft growths; burning sensation; itching; pain; stiffness; smooth/unctuous/oily; associated with discharge. vartmagataraktārśaḥ/ śoṇitārśaḥ वर्त्मगत-रक्तार्शः/शोणितार्शः ITA-5.66.88 Chalazion A disorder characterized by a non-suppurating; hard; big; knotty; painless swelling in the eyelid; hardness; broad; painless swelling; itching; slimy; resembling a kola in size; pale swelling. lagaṇaḥ लगणः ITA-5.66.89 Ulcerative conjunctivitis A disorder characterized by external swelling; many minute openings on internal surface; multiple pores resembling the underground lotus stem; watery discharge internally. bisavartma बिसवर्त्म ITA-5.66.90 Constriction of eyelids kuñcanaḥ कुञ्चनः ITA-5.66.91 Trichiasis, entropion A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the development of sharp eyelashes; rough eyelashes; repeated rubbing of eyeball; vitiation of eye; releif on plucking/removal of eyelash; aversion to wind; aversion to sunlight; aversion to fire; constriction/spasm of the eyelids; downward-looking eyebrows; swelling of eyes due to irritation by sharp eyelash tips; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; loss of eyelashes from their roots; distorted eyelashes; inward-turning eyelashes; redness of black cornea and white sclera. pakṣmakopaḥ/ pakṣmoparodhaḥ पक्ष्मकोपः/पक्ष्मोपरोधः ITA-5.66.92 Loss of eyelashes, madarosis A disorder characterized by itching along the margin of the eyelids; burning in eyelids; loss of eyelashes and burning sensation. pakṣmaśātaḥ पक्ष्मशातः ITA-5.67.1 Disorders of head A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of dosha; severe pain; severe pricking pain in both temporal regions; severe pricking pain at nape of neck; breaking pain at both temporal regions; breaking pain at nape of neck; burning sensation in middle of eyebrows; burning sensation in forehead; severe pain between both eyebrows; severe pain in forehead; puncturing pain in both ears; tininitus; feeling as if eyes being extracted; feeling as if head spinning; sensation of luxation in skull region; pulsating sensation over vascular plexus; stiffness of neck; sudden onset of pain; pulsating sensation; severe headache without apparent cause; severe headache at night; headache relieved by bandage; headache relieved by fomentation; heaviness of head; locked jaw; intolerance of light/ photophobia; rhinorrhoea; sudden relief of pain; softness generated by massaging; softness generated by oil; softness generated by sudation; softness generated by bandaging. śirorogaḥ/ śiraḥśūlam/ śirastāpaḥ/ śirobhitāpaḥ शिरोरोगः/ शिरःशूलम्/ शिरस्तापः/ शिरोभितापः ITA-5.67.2 Headache due to vitiated vata Headache characterized by severe pain; severe pricking pain in both temporal regions; severe pricking pain at nape of neck; breaking pain in both temporal regions; breaking pain at nape of neck; burning sensation in middle of eyebrows; burning sensation in forehead; severe pain between both eyebrows; severe pain in forehead; puncturing pain in both ears; tininitus; feeling as if eyes being extracted; feeling as if head spinning; sensation of laxation in skull region; pulsating sensation over vascular plexus; stiffness of neck; sudden onset of pain; pulsating sensation; severe headache without apparent cause; severe headache at night; headache relieved by bandage; headache relieved by fomentation; heaviness of head; locked jaw; intolerance of light/photophobia; rhinorrhoea; sudden relief of pain; softness generated by massaging; softness generated by oil; softness generated by sudation; softness generated by bandaging. vātaja-śirorogaḥ वातज-शिरोरोगः ITA-5.67.3 Headache due to vitiated pitta Headache characterized by burning sensation in head; headache/discomfort in head; headache on exposure to cold; burning sensation in eyes; thirst; giddiness or dizziness; sweating; headache with burning sensation; headache as if studded with burning charcoal; feeling of fuming from nose; especially in night due to cold; fuming-like sensation in head; fever; syncope or swooning; softnesss at night; pain subsiding with cold/softness by cold; feeling of fuming from eyes and nose; relieved by cold; subsiding at night. pittaja-śirorogaḥ पित्तज-शिरोरोगः ITA-5.67.4 Headache due to vitiated kapha Headache characterized by mild headache; numbness in head; numbness and heaviness in head; heaviness of head; drowsiness/lassitude; lethargy; loss of taste; periorbital swelling; oedema of face; cold; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; veins not pulsating; mild pain in daytime; more pain at night; itching in ear; vomiting; affected with kapha; stiffness of head; head becoming cold. kaphaja-śirorogaḥ कफज-शिरोरोगः ITA-5.67.5 Headache due to vitiated tridosha Headache characterized by pain; giddiness or dizziness; shaking of head; burning sensation; intoxication; thirst; heaviness; drowsiness/lassitude; all symptoms seen/complete expression of disease symptoms. sannipātaja-śirorogaḥ सन्निपातज-शिरोरोगः ITA-5.67.6 Headache due to vitiated blood A disorder characterized by pitta-dominant features of headache; tenderness/inability to tolerate head being touched; pitta-predominant pain. raktaja-śirorogaḥ रक्तज-शिरोरोगः ITA-5.67.7 Headache due to kṛmi (worm infestation) Headache characterized by penetrating type of pain; cutting type of pain; pain/headache; itching; oedema; diseased gait; worm manifestation; foul smell from head; pricking pain in head; severe pricking type of pain in head; pain resembling insect sting; breaking pain from inside; pulsating sensation from inside; watery blood-stained rhinorrhoea; watery rhinorrhoea with pus; severe pain; mind-disturbing pain; fever; cough; loss of strength; dryness; burning sensation; pulsating sensation; putrid smell; itching in forehead; itching in palate; itching in head; dryness/wasting/emaciation; shutting eyes; coppery nasal crust; clear nasal crust; tinnitus. kṛmija-śirorogaḥ कृमिज-शिरोरोगः ITA-5.67.8 Trigeminal neuralgia A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in the neck region; pain in nape of neck; pain residing at eyes; pain residing at eyebrows; pain residing at temporal region; pulsating sensation at zygomatic region; eye diseases; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; pain in neck; severe pain in nape of neck; pain in eyes; pain in eyebrows; pain in temporal region; pulsating sensation in zygomatic region; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; other eye diseases. anantavātaḥ अनन्तवातः ITA-5.67.9 Headache in half of head (hemicrania) A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe pain in the neck resembling that caused by a sharp weapon; severe pain in neck resembling a sting; severe pain in eyebrows resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in eyebrows resembling a sting; severe pain in temporal region resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in temporal region resembling a sting; severe pain in ear resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in ear resembling a sting; severe pain in eyes resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in eyes resembling a sting; severe pain in one half of forehead resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in one half of forehead resembling a sting; disease progression giving rise to eye damage; disease progression giving rise to ear damage; severe breaking pain in upper part of body/head; severe pricking pain in upper part of body/head; severe giddiness; severe pain in head/upper part of body; sudden headache; fortnightly headache; headache developing about every 10 days; burning sensation in one half of head; pain developing within a month; self-limiting pain. ardhāvabhedakaḥ अर्धावभेदकः ITA-5.67.10 Headache worsening and subsiding with strength of sun A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: headache worsening as the day progresses; reducing towards end of day; mild pain in eyes at sunrise; mild pain in eyebrows at sunrise; severe pain in eyes;. worsening in sunlight; subsiding with cold; sometimes subsiding with hot treatment; pulsating pain in temporal region at sunrise; pulsating pain in eyes at sunrise; pulsating pain in eyebrows at sunrise; pulsating pain in forehead at sunrise; worsening at midday; pain worsening on an empty stomach; uncertain comfort with cold; uncertain comfort with hot; pain subsiding later; pain subsiding at sunset. sūryāvartaḥ सूर्यावर्तः ITA-5.67.11 Severe pain at temporal region śaṅkhakaḥ शङ्खकः ITA-5.68.1 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding A gynaecological disorder characterized by quantitative vitiation of blood; generalized body aches; pain; weakness; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; black-outs; thirst; burning sensation; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; pallor; drowsiness/lassitude; diseases of vata; intoxication. asṛgdaraḥ/ raktapradaraḥ असृग्दरः/रक्तप्रदरः ITA-5.68.2 Dysfunctional uterine A gynaecological disorder characterized by painful frothy bleeding due to vitiated menses; painful scanty; painful dry; painful blackish; painful vata reddish-brown; painful reddish resembling palasha flower water; frothy but without pain; scanty but without pain; dry but without pain; blackish but without pain; reddish-brown but without pain; reddish resembling palasha flower water but without pain; severe back pain; severe groin pain; pain in cardiac region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in back; severe pain in pelvis; scanty menstrual flow; discharge associated with vāta types of pain; discharge resembling meat washings. vātika-asṛgdaraḥ वातिक-असृग्दरः ITA-5.68.3 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to vitiated pitta A gynaecological disorder characterized by a bluish discharge; yellowish discharge; warm discharge; blackish discharge; constant discharge; frequent bleeding; painful; burning sensation; reddish bleeding; thirst; confusion/delirium; fever; giddiness or dizziness; red; discharging repeatedly and forcefully. paittika-asṛgdaraḥ पैत्तिक-असृग्दरः ITA-5.68.4 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to vitiated kapha A gynaecological disorder characterized by slimy menses; pale coloured; heavy menstrual flow; unctuous; cold in nature; thick in consistancy; mild pain; vomiting; loss of taste; nausea; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; discharge resembling semi-digested food mixed with gastric fluids; unctuous discharge resembling extract of śālmali; discharge resembling rice water. ślaiṣmika-asṛgdaraḥ श्लैष्मिक-असृग्दरः ITA-5.68.5 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to vitiated tridosha A gynaecological disorder characterized by symptoms of all three dosha; discharge resembling honey in colour; ghṛta-like discharge; discharge resembling haritala in colour; bone marrow-like discharge; menstrual blood with a cadaveric smell. sannipātika-asṛgdaraḥ (raktapradaraḥ) सन्निपातिक-असृग्दरः (रक्तप्रदरः) ITA-5.69.1 Vaginal disease Disorders of female genitalia including the uterus. yonirogaḥ/ yonivyāpat योनिरोगः/योनिव्यापत् ITA-5.69.2 Vaginal disease due to predominant vāta A gynaecological disorder characterized by a pricking pain in the female genital organs; roughness of female genital organs; feeling as if ants are crawling over the body/ formication; numbness; exertion; menstrual flow with sound; menstrual flow with pain; frothy menstruation; dry menstruation; stiffness of female genital organs; pain; pricking type of pain; tinnitus; slightly reddish-brown menstrual flow; blackish menstrual flow; scanty menstrual flow; thin menstrual flow; feeling as if pelvis has prolapsed; pelvic pain; feeling as if sides of chest/flanks have prolapsed; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; leading to gulma; diseases according to the affected dosha. Note: yoni can indicate both the internal and external female genital organs. vātaja-yonirogaḥ वातज-योनिरोगः ITA-5.69.3 Vaginal disease due to predominant pitta A gynaecological disorder characterized by burning in female genital organs; inflammation/suppuration of female genital organs; fever; heating sensation; menstrual discharge becoming blue; yellow or black in colour; yellowish discharge; whitish discharge; very hot dishcarge; large amount of hot; offensively smelling discharge; burning in female genital organs; putrid smell in female genital organs; hot menstrual flow; heavy menstrual flow; smelling of dead body. pittaja-yonirogaḥ पित्तज-योनिरोगः ITA-5.69.4 Vaginal disease due to predominant kapha A gynaecological disorder characterized by sliminess of the female genital organs; coldness of female genital organs; itching in female genital organs; mild pain; pale-coloured female genital organs; paleness of menstrual blood; slimy menstrual flow; painless; discharge according to affected dosha. kaphaja-yonirogaḥ कफज-योनिरोगः ITA-5.69.5 Vaginal disease due to vitiated tridosha A gynaecological disorder characterized by mixed features; burning pain; colicky pain; whitish discharge; slimy menstrual flow; clinical features of all types of dosha; complications. sannipātaja-yonirogaḥ सन्निपातज-योनिरोगः ITA-5.69.6 Round-shaped abscess in vagina A gynaecological disorder characterized by a tuberous swelling filled with pus; a tuberous swelling filled with blood; a tuberous swelling resembling a nikuca fruit. yonikandaḥ योनिकन्दः ITA-5.69.7 Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated vata A gynaecological disorder characterized by a dry swelling in the external female genital organs; discoloured swelling in external genital organs; cracked swelling in external genital organs. vātikayonikandaḥ वातिकयोनिकन्दः ITA-5.69.8 Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated pitta A gynaecological disorder characterized by a tuberous swelling accompanied by a burning sensation and redness of the female external genital organs; swelling in external genital organs associated with fever; vaginal sprouts with redness. paittikayonikandaḥ पैत्तिकयोनिकन्दः ITA-5.69.9 Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated kapha A gynaecological disorder characterized by swelling resembling nila puṣpa; itching in external genital organs. kaphajayonikandaḥ कफजयोनिकन्दः ITA-5.69.10 Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated tridosha A gynaecological disorder characterized by clinical features of all types of vitiated dosas in yonikanda. sannipātajayonikandaḥ सन्निपातजयोनिकन्दः ITA-5.70.1 Fetal expulsion in fifth or sixth month of pregnancy Miscarriage of a formed fetus in the fifth month of pregnancy; in the sixth month of pregnancy. garbhapātaḥ गर्भपातः ITA-5.70.2 Fetal expulsion before fourth month of pregnancy Miscarriage of a fetus before completing the fourth month of pregnancy. garbhasrāvaḥ गर्भस्रावः ITA-5.70.3 Obstructed fetal presentation Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by irritation of the abdomen; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in urinary bladder; pain in head; pain in abdomen; pain in female genital organs; borborygmi with distension; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; abortion of young fetus; discharge of blood; ocassional enlargement of fetus; abnormal fetal presentation; fetus descending to lower abdomen; fetal retention due to vitiated apāna vata. mūḍhagarbhaḥ मूढगर्भः ITA-5.70.4 Obstructed fetal presentation with both hands, feet and head wedged upwards Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by fetus seen presenting at vagina with both hands; feet and head wedged upwards; a category of compound fetal presentation. Ayurvedic literature describes this as obstructed fetal presentation resembling a wedge blocking the vagina. kīlakaḥ कीलकः ITA-5.70.5 Obstructed fetal presentation with head, hands and feet presenting together Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by emergence of fetal palms and feet; body obstructed; resembling horse’s hoof; a category of compound fetal presentation. Ayurvedic literature describes this as obstructed fetal presentation resembling a horse’s hoof. pratikhuraḥ प्रतिखुरः ITA-5.70.6 Obstructed fetal presentation with the head and one hand presenting Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by emergence of fetal head and one hand; a category of compound fetal presentation. Ayurvedic literature describes this as obstructed foetal presentation resembling a sprouting seed. bījakaḥ बीजकः ITA-5.70.7 Obstructed fetal presentation with fetus in a transverse lie Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by a fetus in a tranverse lie with obstructed passage. parighaḥ परिघः ITA-5.70.8 Intrauterine fetal death Death of fetus in the uterus characterized by feeling as if the abdomen is wrapped in a wet cloth; stiff abdomen; stretched abdomen; abdomen cold to touch; stony hard fetus; absence of fetal movements; severe pain; no labour pain; no discharge from yoni; sluggish eyes; distressed mother; giddiness or dizziness; difficulty in breathing; distress/discontent/ restlessness; improper manifestation of natural urges; cessation of labour pain; blackishness or cyanosis; pallor; foetid smell on breath; colicky pain in abdomen; inflated abdomen; thirst; difficulty in breathing; exhaustion without exertion; mother crying constantly; sleeplessness; difficulty in breathing. mṛtagarbhaḥ मृतगर्भः ITA-5.70.9 Puerperal disorder A disorder characterized by generalized body aches; fever; tremors; thirst; heaviness of body; swelling of body; colicky pain in abdomen; diarrhoea. sūtikārogaḥ सूतिकारोगः ITA-5.70.10 Breast milk vitiated by vāta A disorder characterized by breast milk giving rise to constipation in children; causing retention of urine in children; astringent taste; immediately dissolving in water; dry in nature. vātajakṣīradoṣaḥ वातजक्षीरदोषः ITA-5.70.11 Breast milk vitiated by kapha A disorder characterized by breast milk which is thick/dense; slimy; sinking in water; slightly salty in taste; thick. kaphajakṣīradoṣaḥ कफजक्षीरदोषः ITA-5.70.12 Breast milk vitiated by pitta A disorder characterized by breast milk which is sour in taste; pungent taste; with yellowish streaks; causing burning sensation in child; hot in nature; salty taste. pittajakṣīradoṣaḥ पित्तजक्षीरदोषः ITA-5.70.13 Breast milk vitiated by tridosha sannipātajakṣīradoṣaḥ सन्निपातजक्षीरदोषः ITA-5.71.1 Paediatric diseases Diseases of children aged between birth and 16 years. bālarogaḥ बालरोगः ITA-5.71.2 Ophthalmia neonatorum A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling of the eyes; coppery redness of eyes; inability to see; pain in eyelids; stickiness of eyelids; rubbing of ears; rubbing of eyes; rubbing of nose; frontal headache; pain in eyes; irritation in nose; photophobia; difficulty in opening eyes. kukūṇaka कुकू णकः ITA-5.71.3 Malnutrition disorder A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of digestive power; loss of taste; emaciation; cough; abdominal enlargement; drowsiness/ lassitude; giddiness or dizziness; vomiting. pārigarbhikaḥ पारिगर्भिकः ITA-5.71.4 Dehydration of palate A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: depression/sinking of anterior fontanelle; depression of palate; aversion to breast milk; difficulty in sucking; loose stools; thirst; itching in mouth; pain in eyes; inability to hold neck; vomiting. tālukaṇṭakaḥ तालुकण्टकः ITA-5.71.5 Paediatric erysipelas mahāpadmaḥ महापद्मः ITA-5.71.6 Nodular skin disease of children A disorder characterized by hard nodules/papular lesions; painless nodule; nodule resembling green gram in size; skin-coloured nodule; waxy/unctuous nodule. ajagallikā अजगल्लिका ITA-5.71.7 Napkin rash A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; sudden appearance of blisters; secretion from vesicles on itching; worsening of lesion on merging. A disorder that is generally due to unhygienic conditions or napkin allergy. ahipūtana अहिपूतन ITA-5.71.8 Neurological symptoms due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the sudden onset of agitation in the baby; sudden onset of fearfulness in baby; sudden onset of crying; gouging or scratching wet-nurse or mother; biting wet-nurse or mother; scratching or gouging own body; biting him or herself; upward movement of eyes; teeth-gnashing; cooing sound; yawning; hasty movements of eyebrows; teethgrinding; drooping of lips; frothy vomiting; severe weakness; staying awake at night; swelling of eyes; altered stools/loose motions; hoarse voice; smelling of meat and blood; aversion to food/breast milk; lacrimation from one eye; convulsive movements of limbs; sweating; body smelling of blood; diminished crying; facial paralysis; fearfullness; aversion to breast milk; twitching of limbs; smelling of wound; ptosis of one eye; flickering of one eye; anxious; quickening of eye movements; constipation; frequent shaking of head; hemiplegia/hemiparesis; stiffness of body; bending/drooping of neck; crying with hoarse voice; vomiting of saliva; odour of animal fat; odour of blood; making fists; hard stool; movement of one eye brow; movement of one cheek; reddness of both eyes; lameness; death. skandagrahaḥ स्कन्दग्रहः ITA-5.71.9 Epilepsy-like symptoms due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent episodes of unconsciousness; pricking of hairs; drooping of neck; bending of body; yawning; faecal excretion; urination; frothy vomiting; upward movement of eyes; involuntary movements of hands; involuntary movements of eyebrows; biting of mother’s breast; biting of own tongue; inflammation; fever; sleeplessness; odour of pus and blood; excessive crying after regaining consciousness; episodes of unconsciousness; involuntary movements of hands and feet; body smelling of pus or blood; frothy vomitus. skandāpasmāraḥ स्कन्दापस्मारः ITA-5.71.10 Symptom complex resembling bacterial infection of the skin due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a smell of birds emanating from the body; generalized discharging lesions; flaccidity/laxity; blisters with burning sensation spread over body; blisters with suppuration spread over body; afflicted with skin lesions due to injuries or trauma; diarrhoea; tongue ulcer; palate ulcer; throat ulcer; repeated blisters on joints; manifesting at any time; stomatitis; proctitis; fever; smelling of shakuni (a type of bird). śakunīgrahaḥ शकुनीग्रहः ITA-5.71.11 Symptom complex resembling juvenile pernicious anaemia due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: black-bluish discoloration; rubbing of ears; rubbing of eyes; rubbing of nose; cough; hiccups; irregular movement of eyes; deviation of mouth; redness of face; goat-like odour; fever; dryness/wasting; greenish faeces; loose stools; limbs covered with ulcers; limbs covered with blisters; muddy odour; bloody discharge; stools not well formed; burning sensation; excessive paleness of body; stomatitis; suffering with pain; easily afflicted. revatīgrahaḥ रे वतीग्रहः ITA-5.71.12 Fever, retention of urine due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: crying; vomiting; shivering of body; drowsiness/lassitude; wakefulness at night; hiccups; abdominal distension; altered bowels/loose stools; thirst; retention of urine; flaccidity/laxity; horripilation; crow-like smell; sleepiness in daytime; thirst; involuntary sideways glance. pūtanāgrahaḥ पूतनाग्रहः ITA-5.71.13 Diarrhoea, fever, insomnia, emaciation complex due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diarrhoea; cough; vomiting; fever; thirst; odour of animal fat; aversion to breast milk; abnormal colour of body; constant downward gaze; sour smell; insufficient sleep; altered stools/loose motions; discoloration of body; bad odour; emaciation; tired eyes; severe pain in eyes; itching of eyes; stye; swelling of eyes; hiccups; agitation; harsh voice; shivering/tremors; fishy smell from body. andhapūtanāgrahaḥ अन्धपूतनाग्रहः ITA-5.71.14 Assymmetric body temperature, excess sleep due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diarrhoea; cough; weakness; vomiting; eye diseases; bad odour; frequent trembling of body; agitated; tremors; crying; involuntary sideways glance; thirst; borborygmi; smell of raw meat/animal fat; cold on one side but warm on other side of body; obstructed; clinging to mother and sleeping. śītapūtanāgrahaḥ शीतपूतनाग्रहः ITA-5.71.15 Prominent veins, shiny face due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: venous prominences on the body; pale complexion of face; polyphagia; urine/cow urine odour; exhausted body; tender palms; tender soles; shiny face; bluish-black venous prominence on abdomen; agitation; dark-coloured veins on abdomen; fever; aversion to food/milk; tired body. mukhamaṇḍikāgrahaḥ मुखमण्डिकाग्रहः ITA-5.71.16 Syncope, constant fever, tremors due to external invisible factors A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: teeth-grinding/teeth-biting; syncope or swooning; bad odour; frothy vomitus; involuntary bending from abdomen; agitation; crying; upward gaze; constant fever; odour of animal fat; unconsciousness; abdominal distension; shaking of hands; shaking of legs; thirst; clenching of fist; diarrhoea; feeble voice; discoloration; cooing sound; vomiting; cough; hiccups; insomnia; dry throat; dry mouth; sound of hollow cough; biting of lips; contracture of body parts; stiffness; goat-like odour; involuntary upward gaze and laughing; swelling of eye. naigameṣagrahaḥ नैगमेषग्रहः ITA-5.72.1 Poisoning viṣaḥ विषः ITA-5.72.2 Vegetable poison Poisoning characterized by fever; hiccups; tenderness or sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; choking sensation in throat; frothy vomiting; restlessness; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; syncope or swooning. sthāvaraviṣaḥ स्थावरविषः ITA-5.72.3 Animal poison Poisoning characterized by sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; exhaustion without exertion; burning sensation; inflammation/ suppuration; horripilation; oedema; diarrhoea; indigestion. jaṅgamaviṣaḥ जङ्गमविषः ITA-5.72.4 Poisonous roots Poisoning characterized by pains/convulsive movements of limbs; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; confusion/delirium. mūlaviṣaḥ मूलविषः ITA-5.72.5 Poisonous leaves Poisoning characterized by yawning; convulsive movements of body; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing. patra-viṣaḥ पत्र-विषः ITA-5.72.6 Poisonous fruits Poisoning characterized by scrotal oedema; burning sensation; aversion to food. phalaviṣaḥ फलविषः ITA-5.72.7 Poisonous flowers Poisoning characterized by vomiting; abdominal distension; confusion/delirium. puṣpa-viṣaḥ पुष्प-विषः ITA-5.72.8 Poisonous barks Poisoning characterized by halitosis; roughness/dryness; headache; secretion of mucus. tvak-viṣaḥ त्वक् -विषः ITA-5.72.9 Poisonous resinous exudates Poisoning characterized by halitosis; roughness/dryness; headache; secretion of mucus. sāra-viṣaḥ सार-विषः ITA-5.72.10 Poisonous gums; resins Poisoning characterized by halitosis; roughness/dryness; headache; secretion of mucus. niryāsa-viṣaḥ निर्यास-विषः ITA-5.72.11 Poisonous latexes Poisoning characterized by frothing from mouth; altered stools/loose motions; heaviness of tongue. kṣīra-viṣaḥ क्षीर-विषः ITA-5.72.12 Poisonous minerals Poisoning characterized by precordial pain/cardiac pain; syncope or swooning; burning sensation in palate. dhātu-viṣaḥ धातु-विषः ITA-5.72.13 Cumulative poisoning with mild effect over time Poisoning characterized by loose stools; change in normal complexion; foul odour from mouth; altered taste in mouth; thirst; syncope or swooning; vomiting; stuttering/stammering; sadness/depression; abdominal distension due to vitiated tridosha; loss of hair from all parts of body; sense of intoxication after meal; indigestion; loss of taste; circular eruptions; wheal-like skin eruptions; confusion/delirium; diminution of dhātu/emaciation; pedal oedema; swelling in hands; swelling of mouth; clinical features of ascites; diarrhoea; discoloration; clinical features of intermittent fever; excessive thirst; psychosis; borborygmi with distension; loss of bodily secretions; skin diseases; red coloration; clinical features resembling psoriasis; oedema; pallor; haemorrhoids; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; abdominal swelling; fever; leading to death; the poison becomes less potent following treatment but not eliminated from the system. Dūṣīviṣaḥ/ kṛtrimaviṣaḥ दूषीविषः/कृत्रिमविषः ITA-5.72.14 Cumulative poisoning with mild effect over time, poison lodged in intestines Poisoning characterized by vāta pitta disorders; hair loss from head and body; individual resembling a bird with withered wings. Pakvāśayasthadūṣīviṣam पक्वाशयस्थ-दूषीविषम् ITA-5.72.15 Cumulative poisoning with mild effect over time, poison lodged in the tissues Poisoning characterized by ailments due to involvement of fundamental structural components, e.g. when poison is associated with primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa) there will be aversion to food/anorexia. dhātugata-dūṣīviṣam धातुगत-दूषीविषम् ITA-5.72.16 Poisoning due to spider bite lūtāviṣaḥ लूताविषः ITA-5.72.17 Poisoning due to rat bite Poisoning characterized by nodular swelling; oedema; resembling lotus seed; circular patches; intense growth of papules; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; clinical features of kiṭibha; breaking type of pain in small joints; severe pain; syncope or swooning; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; fever; weakness; loss of taste; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; vomiting; horripilation; bleeding from bite site; pallor; burning sensation. mūṣikāviṣaḥ/ ākhuviṣaḥ मूषिकाविषः/आखुविषः ITA-5.72.18 Slow, chronic spider poisoning Poisoning characterized by loose stools; change in normal complexion; foul odour from mouth; altered taste in mouth; thirst; syncope or swooning; vomiting; stuttering/ stammmering; sadness/depression; abdominal distension due to vitiated tridosha; loss of hair from all parts of body; sense of intoxication after meal; indigestion; loss of taste; circular eruptions; wheal-like skin eruptions; confusion/delirium; diminution of dhātu/emaciation; pedal oedema; swelling of hands; swelling of mouth; clinical features of ascites; diarrhoea; discoloration; clinical features of intermittent fever; excessive thirst; psychosis; borborygmi with distension; loss of bodily secretions; stuttering/stammmering; skin diseases; red coloration; clinical features resembling psoriasis; oedema; pallor; haemorrhoids; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; abdominal swelling; fever; leads to death; the poison becomes less potent following treatment but not eliminated from the system. dūṣīviṣa-lūtādaṣṭaḥ दूषीविष-लूतादष्टः ITA-5.72.19 Poisoning due to scorpion bite Poisoning characterized by a burning sensation resembling fire; rapidly spreading in an upward direction; pain remaining at bite site; instantly severe pain; brownish discoloration at bite site; pricking type of pain at bite site; splitting type of pain at bite site. vṛścikaviṣaḥ वृश्चिकविषः ITA-5.72.20 Poisoning due to two or more ingredients in combination Poisoning characterized by pallor; emaciation; insufficient digestive power/capacity; discomfort in vital organs; affliction of marma; swelling in hands; pedal oedema; abdominal enlargement; diseases due to malfunctioning grahaṇi; phthisis; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; wasting; fever; oedema; insanity; haemorrhoids. garaviṣaḥ गरविषः ITA-5.72.21 Poisoning due to rabid dog bite Poisoning characterized by numbness; blackish bleeding; precordial pain/cardiac pain; headache; fever; rigidity/ stiffness; thirst; syncope or swooning. alarkaviṣaḥ अलर्क विषः ITA-5.72.22 Poisoning due to contact with an insect Poisoning characterized by the formation of round protuberance; oedema; fever; itching; loss of taste. kīṭaviṣaḥ कीटविषः ITA-5.72.23 Reaction due to contact with a frog Poisoning characterized by itching at site; yellowish froth from mouth; burning sensation; vomiting; syncope or swooning; sleep. maṇḍūkadaṣṭaḥ मण्डूकदष्टः ITA-5.72.24 Reaction due to ant bite Poisoning characterized by swelling at bite site; burning sensation; oedema. pipīlikā-daṣṭaḥ पिपीलिका-दष्टः ITA-5.72.25 Reaction due to lizard bite Poisoning characterized by brownish discoloration; blackish discoloration of body; variegated coloration; confusion/ delirium; altered bowels/loose motions. kṛkalāsadaṣṭaḥ कृकलासदष्टः ITA-5.72.26 Poisonous leech bite Poisoning characterized by itching; oedema; fever; syncope or swooning. saviṣa-jalaukādaṣṭaḥ सविष-जलौकादष्टः ITA-5.72.27 Contact with or consumption of poisonous fish Poisoning characterized by burning sensation; swelling at the site; pain in situ. saviṣa-matsyadaṣṭaḥ सविष-मत्स्यदष्टः ITA-5.72.28 Reaction due to contact with household lizard Poisoning characterized by burning sensation; pricking pain; perspiration; oedema. gṛhagodhikādaṣṭaḥ गृहगोधिकादष्टः ITA-5.72.29 Reaction due to sting of honeybee Poisoning characterized by itching; oedema; burning sensation; pain; brownish-coloured papules; fever; death. makṣikā-daṣṭaḥ मक्षिका-दष्टः ITA-5.72.30 Reaction due to sting of mosquito Poisoning characterized by severe itching; swelling at bite site; mild pain. maśaka-daṣṭaḥ मशक-दष्टः ITA-5.72.31 Reaction due to sting of centipede Poisoning characterized by oedema; pain; burning sensation in precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation; syncope or swooning; appearance of whitish papules. śatapadī-daṣṭaḥ शतपदी-दष्टः ITA-5.73.1 Injury of vulnerable locations A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; falling down; fainting/ severe confusion; uncoordinated movements; nonfunctioning of the mind as in sleep; feeling of warmth; flaccidity/laxity; syncope or swooning; upward movement of vata; severe breaking type of pain; bloody discharge resembling meat washings; cessation of all sense organ functioning; fatigued mind and body. marmaviddhaḥ/ marmābhighātaḥ/ marmakṣataḥ मर्मविद्धः/ मर्माभिघातः/मर्मक्षतः ITA-5.73.2 Foreign body in the skin A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the skin; characterized by discoloration; elongated prominent swelling; hard swelling. tvaggata-śalyaḥ त्वग्गत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.3 Foreign body in the muscle A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the muscle; characterized by sucking type of pain; inflammation/ suppuration; increase in swelling; failure of foreign body pathway to heal; inability to bear touching/pressing. māṃsagata-śalyaḥ मांसगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.4 Foreign body between the muscles A disorder due to presence of foreign body between the muscles; characterized by inflammation/suppuration; failure of foreign body pathway to heal; inability to bear touching/pressing. peśyantaragata-śalyaḥ पेश्यन्तरगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.5 Foreign body in the veins A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the veins; characterized by engorgement; pain in veins; swelling. sirāgata-śalyaḥ सिरागत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.6 Foreign body in the ligaments, and tendons A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the ligaments; characterized by redness/congestion/inflammation; forceful flow of fluid on cutting tendons; associated with severe pain. snāyugata-śalyaḥ स्नायुगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.7 Foreign body in the joints A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the joints; characterized by loss of joint functions; inability to perform flexion/extension movements. sandhigata-śalyaḥ सन्धिगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.8 Foreign body in the bones A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the bones; characterized by a feeling of fullness; various types of pain; oedema. asthigata-śalyaḥ अस्थिगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.9 Foreign body in the arteries A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the arteries; characterized by foamy/frothy bleeding; expulsion of vayu with sounds; generalized body aches; thirst; nausea. dhamanīgata-śalyaḥ धमनीगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.10 Foreign body in the alimentary canal A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the alimentary canal; characterized by borborygmi with distension; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; appearance of food at the wound opening; appearance of faeces at the wound opening; appearance of urine at the wound opening. koṣṭhagata-śalyaḥ कोष्ठगत-शल्यः ITA-5.73.11 Unripe swelling, pre-pus formation stage. A disorder characterized by reduced swelling; induration; normal skin coloration; mild pain; hypothermia/mild warmth or cold swelling; stable oedema. āmaśophaḥ आमशोफः ITA-5.73.12 Injury to perineal raphe sevanī-chedaḥ सेवनी-छेदः ITA-5.73.13 Stab injury bhinna-sadyovraṇaḥ भिन्न-सद्योव्रणः ITA-5.73.14 Injury of visceral organs A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: kośta which become filled with blood; fever; burning sensation; urethral bleeding; rectal bleeding; haematemesis/haemoptysis; epistaxis; syncope or swooning; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; thirst; abdominal distension; aversion to food; faecal retention; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; retention of vata/flatus; loss of perspiration; redness of eyes; metallic odour from the mouth; foul body smell; precordial/cardiac region pain; pain in sides of chest/flanks; fever. koṣṭhaabhighātaḥ/ bhinnaḥ कोष्ठ-अभिघातः/भिन्नः ITA-5.73.15 Accumulation of blood in the thoracoabdominal cavity due to injury raktapūrṇakoṣṭhaḥ रक्तपूर्णकोष्ठः ITA-5.73.16 Accumulation of blood in the stomach due to injury A disorder characterized by vomiting blood/haemetemesis; severe bloating; severe exquisite sharp pain/colic. āmāśayastha-rudhiraḥ आमाशयस्थ-रुधिरः ITA-5.73.17 Accumulation of blood in the large intestine due to injury A disorder characterized by heaviness; heaviness below the umbilicus; bleeding through orifices; pain; coldness; coldness in lower abdomen. pakvāśayastha-rudhiraḥ पक्वाशयस्थ-रुधिरः ITA-5.73.18 Irremediable internal visceral injury A disorder characterized by expiration of cold air; internal bleeding; cold legs; cold hands; cold face; reddishcoloured eyes. asādhya-koṣṭhabhedaḥ असाध्य-कोष्ठभेदः ITA-5.73.19 Penetrating or puncturing deep injury A disorder characterized by a foreign body which may remain either protruding or have exited through the wound. viddhaḥ विद्धः ITA-5.73.20 Penetrating or puncturing deep injury to vessels sirāviddhaḥ सिराविद्धः ITA-5.73.21 Penetrating or puncturing A disorder characterized by a flexion deformity/humpback; deep injury to ligaments inability to move; a slowly healing wound; severe pain; weakness of limbs. snāyuviddhaḥ स्नायुविद्धः ITA-5.73.22 Injury to movable and immovable joints calācala-sandhikṣataḥ चलाचल-सन्धिक्षतः ITA-5.73.23 Injury or damage to the body channels srotoviddhaḥ स्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.24 Injury to the conduit for vital life force A disorder characterized by flexion/bending of body; semiconsciousness or stupefaction; vertigo; shivering/ tremors; screaming; death. prāṇavahasrotoviddhaḥ प्राणवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.25 Injury to the gastrointestinal tract A disorder characterized by abdominal distension; aversion to food; vomiting; blindness; pain; thirst; death. annavahasrotoviddhaḥ अन्नवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.26 Injury to the watercarrying channels udakavahasrotoviddhaḥ उदकवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.27 Injury to the channels carrying nutrient fluids A disorder characterized by dryness/wasting/emaciation; clinical features resembling an injury to prāṇavāha srotas; flexion/bending of body; semiconsciousness or stupefaction; vertigo; shivering/tremors; screaming; death. rasavahasrotoviddhaḥ रसवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.28 Injury to the channels carrying blood A disorder characterized by black discoloration of body; fever; burning sensation; pallor; bleeding/haemorrhage; redness of the eyes. raktavahasrotoviddhaḥ रक्तवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.29 Injury to the channels that nourish muscles māṁsavahasrōtōviddhaḥ मांसवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.30 Injury to the channels carrying fat A disorder characterized by perspiration; oiliness of body; dryness of palate; nonpitting oedema; thirst. medovahasrotoviddhaḥ मेदोवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.31 Injury to the channels that nourish bone asthivahasrotoviddhaḥ अस्थिवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.32 Injury to the channels of the genital system A disorder characterized by inability to perform the sexual act/ impotence; delayed ejaculation; blood-tinged semen. śukravahasrotoviddha शुक्रवहस्रोतोविद्ध ITA-5.73.33 Injury to the channels of the menstrual system A disorder characterized by sterility; dyspareunia; absence of menstruation. ārtavavahasrotoviddhaḥ आर्त्तववहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.34 Injury to the channels of the urinary system A disorder characterized by retention of urine; distended basti; stiffness of penis. mūtravahasrotoviddhaḥ मूत्रवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.35 Injury to the channels of the gastrointestinal system A disorder characterized by borborygmi with distension; bad smell; nodularity. purīṣavahasrotoviddhaḥ पुरीषवहस्रोतोविद्धः ITA-5.73.36 Multiorgan injuries sarvāṅgābhighataḥ सर्वाङ्गाभिहतः ITA-5.73.37 Urethral injury mūtrapraseka-kṣaṇanam मूत्रप्रसेक-क्षणनम् ITA-5.73.38 A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: torticollis/stiffness of neck; facial paralysis; agitation of eyes; confusion/delirium; cramps; loss of motor activities; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; muteness/inability to speak; stuttering/stammmering; closure of eyelids; twitching of cheek muscles; yawning; excessive salivation; aphasia; facial grimaces. śirobhighātaḥ शिरोभिघातः ITA-5.73.39 Injury to the urinary bladder A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: spiralling spasm in the urinary bladder or basti; upward movement of vata in the abdomen; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; hard tumour caused by vata; bladder spasticity; stasis of flatus; stasis of urine; stasis of faeces; pain in groin; penile pain; colicky pain in urinary bladder or basti; catching sensation in umbilical region; catching sensation in lower abdominal region; catching sensation in anus; catching sensation in the pelvis. basti-abhighātaḥ बस्ति-अभिघातः ITA-5.73.40 Injury to the seminal passages Injury to the bulbo-urethral glands; seminal vescicles or epididymis. muṣkasroto abhighātaḥ मुष्कस्रोतोऽभिघातः ITA-5.73.41 Frostbite śītābhihataḥ शीताभिहतः ITA-5.74.1 Disorders due to unwholesome diet āhāravaiṣamyam आहारवैषम्यम् ITA-5.74.2 Disorder due to insufficient or suboptimal food intake A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; insatiability; upward movement of vāta; death; impotence; lack of vigour/energy; affliction of body; affliction of manas/mind; affliction of buddhi/intellect; affliction of sense organs; loss of sāra; loss of wealth/beauty; eighty types of vāta diseases; constipation. hīnamātrāhāraḥ हीनमात्राहारः ITA-5.74.3 Disorder due to excessive or supraoptimal food intake A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and atimātrāhāraḥ/ āhāratiyogaḥ symptoms: syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; vomiting; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; yawning; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sunken eyes; severe headache; severe pain in cardiac region; contraction of blood vessels; stiffening of vessels; stasis of flow; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back; burning sensation; discoloration; insanity; tremors; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; headache; borborygmi with distension; rigidity/stiffness; fever; feeling of heaviness in body; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/ excessive expectoration; loss of taste; excessive salivation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy. अतिमात्राहारः/ आहारतियोगः ITA-5.74.4 Disorder due to abnormal food intake A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; vomiting; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; yawning; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sunken eyes; severe headache; severe pain in cardiac region; contraction of blood vessels; stiffening of vessels; stasis of flow; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back; burning sensation; discoloration; insanity; tremors; pain in precordial region/ angina pectoris; headache; borborygmi with distension; rigidity/stiffness; fever; feeling of heaviness in body; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/excessive expectoration; loss of taste; excessive salivation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy. āhāramithyāyogaḥ आहारमिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.74.5 Disorder due to intake of incompatible foods A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: impotence; blindness; spreading cellulitis/ erysipelas; signs of dakodara; blisters; insanity; anal fistula; syncope or swooning; insanity; abdominal distension; choking sensation in throat; clinical features of pāṇḍu; āmaviśa; kilāsaḥ; skin disease; grahaṇī dosha; oedema; amlapitta; fever; cold catarrh; congenital anamolies in offsprings; death. viruddhānnabhojanam/ viruddhāhāraḥ विरुद्धान्नभोजनम् / विरुद्धाहारः ITA-5.74.6 Disorder due to excessive intake of animal meat from region with dry forests and less rainfall jāṅgalamāṃsātyupayogaḥ जाङ्गलमांसात्युपयोगः ITA-5.74.7 Disorder due to excess intake of milk from single-hoofed animals (horse, donkey, etc.) A disorder characterized by extreme heat; dullness/frigidity/ inactivity; light in nature; relives vāta in śākha; salty and sour. ekaśephakṣīrapānam एकशेफक्षीरपानम् ITA-5.74.8 Disorder due to excess intake of food able to increase heat in body or increase pitta uṣṇavīrya-dravyātiyogaḥ / āgneya-dravyātiyogaḥ उष्णवीर्य-द्रव्यातियोगः / आग्नेय-द्रव्यातियोगः ITA-5.74.9 Disorder due to excessive intake of fresh jaggery navaguḍa-atyupayogaḥ नवगुड-अत्युपयोगः ITA-5.74.10 Disorder due to excessive intake of cereals, e.g. rice śālidhānya-atiyogaḥ शालिधान्य-अतियोगः ITA-5.74.11 Disorder due to excessive intake of oil, e.g. sesame oil tailasevana-atiyogaḥ तैलसेवन-अतियोगः ITA-5.74.12 Disorder due to abusive ingestion of alcoholic beverages madyapānātiyogaḥ मद्यपानातियोगः ITA-5.74.13 Disorder due to improper consumption of curd A person consuming curd inappropriately; deviating from the prescribed rules. dadhi-mithyopayogaḥ दधि-मिथ्योपयोगः ITA-5.74.14 Disorder due to excessive intake of drugs or diet with predominantly one taste rasātiyogaḥ रसातियोगः ITA-5.74.15 Disorder due to excessive intake of sweet substances A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obesity; moistness/softness of skin; lethargy; excessive sleep; heaviness; aversion to food; diminution of agni; fleshy growth in mouth/face; fleshy growth in throat region; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; cold catarrh; clinical features of alasaka; fever with chills; borborygmi with distension; sweetness in mouth; vomiting; loss of consciousness; loss of voice; glandular swelling in jaw; neck and throat region/goitre; series of nodules in neck region; elephantiasis; swelling in throat; feeling of coating in urinary bladder or basti; feeling of coating in anal region; coating in lumen of blood vessels; mucus coating; eye diseases; inflammation of eyes; worms; tumour; excessive urination; diseases of throat; raised circular patches on the body/urticaria; headache; cold catarrh; fever; diseases of abdomen/clinical features of udara; spitting/excessive expectoration; complete exhaustion. madhurarasātiyogaḥ मधुररसातियोगः ITA-5.74.16 Disorder due to excessive intake of sour substances A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; shutting of eyes; blistering; melting of kapha/mucus; increased pitta; vitiation of rakta; burning sensation in māṃsa/ inflammation in māṃsa; laxity of body; generalised swelling in thin/emaciated persons; swelling in weak; suppuration of wound; suppuration of beaten wounds; suppuration of bite wounds; suppuration of burnt wounds; suppuration of fracture wounds; suppuration of oedema; suppuration of lesion contaminated with excreta of poisonous animals; suppuration of lesions contaminated with urine of poisonous animals; suppuration of lesion contaminated with poisonous animals; suppuration of bruises/crush injuries; suppuration of cuts/ open wounds; suppuration of pierced wounds; suppuration of dislocated lesions; suppuration of raised wounds; suppuration of crushed wounds; burning sensation in kaṇṭha/throat; burning sensation in chest; burning sensation in cardiac region; itching; pallor; impaired vision; spreading of wounds; bleeding tendency; excessive thirst; oedema in emaciated; giddiness or dizziness; errors of refraction/partial blindness; oedema; blisters; fever. amlarasātiyogaḥ अम्लरसातियोगः ITA-5.74.17 Disorder due to excessive intake of salty substances A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vitiation of pitta; pronounced increase in rakta; thirst; syncope or swooning; hotness/pyrexia; cracking/ fissuring of skin; suppuration of māṃsa; suppuration of skin diseases/appearance of skin lesions; increased effect of viṣa; rupturing of swellings; loosening of teeth; tooth loss; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; obstruction of sense organ functioning; wrinkles; greying of hair; hair loss/baldness; signs of raktapitta; amlapitta; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; vātarakta; vicharchika; indralupta; itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; oedema; discoloration; stomatitis; inflammation of eyes; sour belching/eructations; clinical features of kiṭibha; convulsions; agumentation of wounds; augumentation of insanity; loss of physical strength or weakness; diminution of ojas. lavaṇarasātiyogaḥ लवणरसातियोगः ITA-5.74.18 Disorder due to excessive intake of pungent substances A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: impotence/loss of sexual vigour; confusion/ delirium; fatigued mind and body; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; emaciation; syncope or swooning; bending of body; black-outs; giddiness or dizziness; burning sensation in throat or kaṇṭha; burning sensation in body; loss of physical strength or weakness; excessive thirst; burning sensation of eyes; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; intoxication; dryness in throat; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; burning sensation; hotness; tremors; diminution of semen; contraction of body parts; low back pain; vāta diseases of hands/pain due to increased vāta; vāta diseases of legs/pain due to increased vāta; vāta diseases of arms; vāta diseases of sides of chest/ flanks; vāta diseases of back/severe back pain. kaṭurasātiyogaḥ कटु रसातियोगः ITA-5.74.19 Disorder due to excessive intake of bitter substances A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of fundamental structural components/emaciation; drying up of primary circulating nutrient fluid; drying up of blood (raktadhatu); drying up of muscle (mamsadhatu); drying up of fat (medodhatu); drying up of bone (asthi dhatu); drying up of bone marrow (majja dhatu); drying up of reproductive fluids (śukra dhatu); roughness/hardness in srotas/channels; loss of physical strength or weakness; emaciation; fatigued mind and body; confusion/delirium; giddiness or dizziness; dryness in mouth; diseases of vāta; stiffness of body parts; torticollis/stiffness of neck; convulsions; facial paralysis; headache; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; cutting type of pain; unpleasant taste in mouth; syncope or swooning; roughness of body. tiktarasātiyogaḥ तिक्तरसातियोगः ITA-5.74.20 Disorder due to excessive intake of astringent substances A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness in mouth; pain in precordial region; abdominal distension; choked voice; obstruction to flow of srotas; brownish discoloration; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; early ageing; obstuction to flow of vata; urinary retention; constipation; obstruction to flow of semen; emaciation; fatigued mind and body; thirst; stiffness; hemiplegia/hemiparesis; rigidity; spasmodic contractions/ convulsions of body; facial paralysis; precordial pain/cardiac pain; torticollis/stiffness of neck; flickering/twitching in various parts of body; skin irritation as if application of mustard paste; contractions; convulsions; obstruction to flow of semen; constipation/abdominal fullness; constipation. kaṣāyarasātiyogaḥ कषायरसातियोगः ITA-5.75.1 Disorders due to improper lifestyle vihāravaiṣamyam विहारवैषम्यम् ITA-5.75.2 Disorders due to improper sleep nidrā-vaiṣamyam निद्रा-वैषम्यम् ITA-5.75.3 Disorder due to loss of sleep, insomnia nidrānāśaḥ/ asvapnaḥ निद्रानाशः/अस्वप्नः ITA-5.75.4 Disorder due to untimely sleeping Untimely sleeping habits causing specific disorders characterized by confusion/delirium; fever; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; cold catarrh; headache; oedema; nausea; obstruction in srotas; diminution of agni. akālaśayanam अकालशयनम् ITA-5.75.5 Disorder due to an improper seasonal regimen ṛtukālacaryā-vaiṣamyam ऋतुकालचर्या-वैषम्यम् ITA-5.75.6 Disorder due to improper bathing habits snāna-vaiṣamyam स्नान-वैषम्यम् ITA-5.75.7 Disorder due to head bath with hot water A disorder characterized by loss of hair strength; loss of eye strength. uṣṇajala-śiraḥsnānaḥ उष्णजल-शिरःस्नानः ITA-5.75.8 Disorder due to suppression of natural urges vegāvarodhaḥ वेगावरोधः ITA-5.75.9 Disorder due to withholding of flatus A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; retention of vata/flatus; abdominal distension; pain; exhaustion without exertion; vāta diseases of abdomen; colicky pain in abdomen; feeling of obstruction/tightness in the precordial region; headache; increased respiration/ dyspnoea; hiccups; cough; cold catarrh; choking sensation in throat; spread of kapha and pitta; decreased amount of stools; elimination of faeces through mouth; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; upward movement of vāta; lack of sight; loss of digestive power/agni. adhovātavegarodhaḥ अधोवातवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.10 Disorder due to withholding of tears A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; diseases of eyes; heart diseases; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; heaviness of head/headache; cold catarrh; torticollis/stiffness of neck; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump. aśruvegarodhaḥ/ bāṣpavegarodhaḥ अश्रुवेगरोधः/बाष्पवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.11 Disorder due to withholding of vomiting A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; loss of taste; blackish circular patches on face; oedema; clinical features of pāṇḍu; fever; skin disease; nausea; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; diseases of eyes; itching; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing. chardivegarodhaḥ छर्दिवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.12 Disorder due to withholding of hiccups hikkāvegarodhaḥ हिक्कावेगरोधः ITA-5.75.13 Disorder due to withholding of yawning A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flexion/bending of body; convulsions; contractions; numbness; tremors; tremor/shaking; torticollis/ stiffness of neck; stiffness of throat region; diseases of head; diseases of vāta; severe form of ear disease; severe form of mouth disease; severe form of nose disease; severe form of eye disease; headache; impairment of sense organs; facial paralysis. jṛmbhāvegarodhaḥ जृम्भावेगरोधः ITA-5.75.14 Disorder due to withholding of sneezing A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: torticollis/stiffness of neck; headache; facial paralysis; hemicranial headache; impairment of sense organs; diseases of head; diseases of eyes; diseases of nose; diseases of ear; feeling of fullness in throat; feeling of fullness in mouth; severe pricking pain in throat; severe pricking pain in mouth; pigeon-like voice; difficulty in breathing; headache; impairment of sense organs; torticollis/stiffness of neck; facial paralysis. kṣavathuvegarodhaḥ क्षवथुवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.15 Disorder due to withholding of urine A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in urinary bladder or basti; penile pain; dysuria; severe headache; flexion/bending of body; distension in groin; drop-by-drop urination; severe pain in anus; pain in groin region; severe scrotal pain; severe pain in umbilical region; severe headache; distended basti; breaking type of pain; breaking type of pain in body; urolithiasis. mūtra-vegarodhaḥ/ mūtragrahaḥ मूत्र-वेगरोधः/मूत्रग्रहः ITA-5.75.16 Disorder due to withholding of sleep A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yawning; generalized body aches; drowsiness/lassitude; diseases of head; heaviness of eyes; rigidity/stiffness of body; heaviness of head; confusion/ delirium; lethargy. nidrāvegarodhaḥ निद्रावेगरोधः ITA-5.75.17 Disorder due to withholding of faeces A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in rectum; headache; suppression of flatus; suppression of faeces; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; abdominal distension; gurgling intestinal sounds/ borborygmi; colicky pain in abdomen; cutting type of pain in anus; obstruction/retention in passage of faeces; upward movement of vata; elimination of faeces through mouth; cold catarrh; feeling of obstruction in the precordial region/ impairment of cardiac activity/bradycardia. purīṣavegarodhaḥ पुरीषवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.18 Disorder due to withholding of breath on exertion A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: palpable glandular enlargement in the abdomen/abdominal lump; heart diseases; unconsciousness/confusion. śramaśvāsavegarodhaḥ श्रमश्वासवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.19 Disorder due to withholding of ejaculation A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: penile pain; scrotal pain; generalized body aches; precordial pain/cardiac pain; obstruction to passage of urine/retention/oliguria; bladder swelling; anal swelling; scrotal swelling; pain in bladder; pain in anus; seminal calculi/ crystals; seminal discharge; swelling of genitals; fever; breaking type of pain in body; scrotal enlargement; impotence. śukravegarodhaḥ शुक्रवेगरोधः ITA-5.75.20 Disorder due to suppression of thirst A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dry throat; dryness in mouth; deafness/ hearing impairment; exhaustion/fatigue; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; precordial pain/cardiac pain; dryness/wasting/ emaciation; unconsciousness/confusion; giddiness or dizziness; diseases of heart. tṛṣṇāvegarodhaḥ तृष्णावेगरोधः ITA-5.75.21 Disorder due to suppression of belching A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; loss of taste; tremors; choking sensation of heart; choking sensation in chest; abdominal distension; cough; diseases of vāta. udgāragrahaḥ उद्गारग्रहः ITA-5.75.22 Disorder due to suppression of hunger A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; weakness; discoloration; generalized body aches; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; drowsiness/lassitude; diminished vision; breaking type of pain in body; fatigued mind and body; pain. kṣud-vegarodhaḥ क्षुद्-वेगरोधः ITA-5.75.23 Disorders due to faulty sexual practices vyavāya-vaiṣamyam/ maithunāpacāram व्यवाय-वैषम्यम्/ मैथुनापचारम् ITA-5.75.24 Disorder due to deviated sexual activity vyavāyamithyāyogaḥ/ mithyāvyavāyam व्यवायमिथ्यायोगः/ मिथ्याव्यवायम् ITA-5.75.25 Disorder due to excessive sexual activity vyavāyātiyogaḥ व्यवायातियोगः ITA-5.75.26 Disorders due to improper exercise vyāyāma-vaiṣamyam व्यायाम-वैषम्यम् ITA-5.75.27 Disorder due to excessive physical exercise A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: exhaustion/fatigue; exhaustion without exertion; consumption/tuberculosis; thirst; bleeding disorder; forms of dyspnoea; cough; fever; vomiting. ativyāyāmaḥ/ vyāyāmatiyogaḥ अतिव्यायामः/ व्यायामतियोगः ITA-5.75.28 Disorder due to lack of physical exercise A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obesity, gasping for air, excessive thirst, snoring, exhaustion, lack of physical strength,and endurance. avyāyāmaḥ अव्यायामः ITA-5.76.1 Conditions due to faulty treatment Conditions which are well known outcomes of faulty assessment and administration of treatment regimens, and range from manageable states to those with fatal consequences. cikitsāpacāraḥ, vyāpat, upadrava चिकित्सापचारः, व्यापत्, उपद्रवः ITA-5.76.2 Condition of improper oleation therapy snehana-apacāraḥ स्नेहन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.3 Condition of subnormal oleation A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hard compact stools; dry stools; perplexed vata; weak agni; harshness/sharpness of body parts; dryness of body parts. snehana-ayogaḥ स्नेहन-अयोगः ITA-5.76.4 Condition of excessive oleation A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pallor; heaviness; dullness/frigidity/inactivity; unformed stools; drowsiness/lassitude; loss of taste; nausea/ provocation of dosha; aversion to food; salivation; burning sensation in anus; dysentery; excessive elimination of faeces; clinical features of pāṇḍu; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/ inability to perform physical activities; nasal discharge; anal discharge; vomiting; syncope or swooning; thirst; dry eructations; giddiness or dizziness; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough. snehana-atiyogaḥ स्नेहन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.5 Condition of improper administration of oleation therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; nausea/provocation of dosha; borborygmi with distension; fever; rigidity/stiffness; improper perception/unconsciousness; skin diseases; itching; pallor; oedema; haemorrhoids; loss of taste; thirst; obstinate abdominal diseases; diseases due to malfunctioning grahaṇī; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; suppression of speech; colicky pain in abdomen; diseases of āma. snehanamithyāyogaḥ/ mithyāsnehanam/ snehana-vyāpadaḥ/ snehavibhramam स्नेहनमिथ्यायोगः/ मिथ्यास्नेहनम् /स्नेहनव्यापदः /स्नेहविभ्रमम् ITA-5.76.6 Condition due to improper sudation A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; loss of physical strength or weakness; impairment of sense organs; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; stiffness due to āma. svedana-apacāraḥ स्वेदन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.7 Condition of subnormal sudation svedana-ayogaḥ स्वेदन-अयोगः ITA-5.76.8 Condition of excessive sudation A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of pitta prakopa; syncope or swooning; flaccid body/exhaustion; thirst; burning sensation; weak voice; weakness; joint pains; appearance of blisters; clinical features of pitta and rakta prakopa; confusion/ dizzines; exhaustion without exertion; loss of voice; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; appearance of brownish red circular patches. svedana-atiyogaḥ स्वेदन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.9 Condition due to improper drying therapy rūkṣaṇa-apacāraḥ रूक्षण-अपचारः ITA-5.76.10 Condition of excessive drying therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: breaking type of pain in small joints; generalized body aches; cough; dryness of mouth; loss of appetite; loss of taste; thirst; weakness of ears; weakness of eyes; loss of memory/confusion state of mind; upward movement of vata; bradycardia; loss of power of body; loss of agni; loss of strength. rūkṣaṇa-atiyogaḥ रूक्षण-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.11 Condition due to improper astringent therapy stambhana-apacāraḥ स्तम्भन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.12 Condition of excessive astringent therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blackish appearance; stiffness of body; upward movement of vāta; rigidity of jaw; bradycardia; nonexcretion of faeces. stambhana-atiyogaḥ स्तम्भन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.13 Condition of administering constipating drugs in ama condition of diarrhoea A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rod-like stiffness; clinical features of alasaka; abdominal distension; grahaṇī; haemorrhoids; oedema; clinical features of pāṇḍu; plīha; skin diseases; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; udara; fever. āmātisārasaṅgrahaḥ आमातिसारसङ्ग्रहः ITA-5.76.14 Condition of hoaemostasis of vitiated blood A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: choking sensation in throat; pus discharge from the nose; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; fever; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; enlargement of plīha; borborygmi with distension; a type of skin disease; dysuria; skin diseases; haemorrhoids; erysipelas; loss of complexion; anal fistula; inhibition of sense function; obstruction of sense organ functioning. aśuddharaktastambhanam अशुद्धरक्तस्तम्भनम् ITA-5.76.15 Condition of forceful haemostasis of haemorrhage in overnourished akṣīṇabalamāṃsasya raktapittastambhanam अक्षीणबलमांसस्य रक्तपित्तस्तम्भनम् ITA-5.76.16 Condition of severe haemorrhage raktātipravṛttiḥ रक्तातिप्रवृत्तिः ITA-5.76.17 Condition due to improper depletion therapy laṅghana-apacāraḥ लङ्घन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.18 Condition of excessive depletion therapy laṅghana-atiyogaḥ लङ्घन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.19 Condition due to improper nourishing therapy bṛṃhaṇa-apacāraḥ बृंहण-अपचारः ITA-5.76.20 Condition of excessive nourishing therapy bṛṃhaṇa-atiyogaḥ बृंहण-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.21 Condition due to improper emetic therapy vamana-apacāraḥ वमन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.22 Condition of incomplete emetic therapy vamana-ayogaḥ वमन-अयोगः ITA-5.76.23 Condition due to excessive therapeutic emesis vamana-atiyogaḥ वमन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.24 Condition due to improper emetic therapy vamanamithyāyogaḥ/ avamyānām vamana vyāpadaḥ वमनमिथ्यायोगः / अवम्यानाम् वमन व्यापदः ITA-5.76.25 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person suffering from trauma A condition characterized by excessive haemoptysis due to aggravated injury. kṣateṣu vamanasya vyāpadaḥ क्षतेषु वमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.26 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with consumption A condition characterized by life-endangering reactions in a person unable to tolerate drugs used in emetic therapy. kṣīṇātisthūlakṛśabālavṝddhadurbalānāmauṣadhabalāsahatvāt क्षीणातिस्थूलकृशबालवॄद्धदु र्बलानामौषधबलासहत्वात् ITA-5.76.27 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person who is tired, thirsty and hungry A condition characterized by mental damage. śrāntapipāsitakṣudhiteṣu vamanasya vyāpadaḥ श्रान्तपिपासितक्षुधितेषु वमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.28 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person indulging in excessive physical activity, fasting, sex, loud reading of books and excessive thinking A condition characterized by fear of aggravation of vata; haemorrhage or injury to lungs; haemorrhage or injury to lungs. karmabhārādhvahtopavāsamaithunādhyayanavyāyāmacintāprasakta कर्मभाराध्वह्तोपवासमैथुना ध्ययनव्यायामचिन्ताप्रसक्त ITA-5.76.29 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to pregnant woman gārbhiṇyāma vamanasya vyapadaḥ गार्भिण्याम वमनस्य व्यपदः ITA-5.76.30 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to sensitive person A condition characterized by haemorrhage through upward and downward tracts. sukumāra vamanasya vyapadaḥ सुकुमार वमनस्य व्यपदः ITA-5.76.31 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person whose gut is occluded A condition characterized by erysipelas; rigidity/stiffness; dullness/frigidity/inactivity; mental perversion; death. samvṝta koṣṭha vamanasya vyapadaḥ संवॄत कोष्ठ वमनस्य व्यपदः ITA-5.76.32 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with epistaxis, haematemesis ūrdhvagaraktapitta vamanasya vyapadaḥ ऊर्ध्वगक्तपित्त वमनस्य व्यपदः ITA-5.76.33 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person already subject to incessant vomiting A condition characterized by enema moving upwards due to aggravated vata. prasakta cchardi vamanasya vyapadaḥ प्रसक्त च्छर्दि वमनस्य व्यपदः ITA-5.76.34 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with upward movement of vata A condition characterized by excessive upward movement of vata. ūrdhvavātāsthāpitānuvāsita vamanasya vyapadaḥ ऊर्ध्ववातास्थापितानुवासित वमनस्य व्यपदः ITA-5.76.35 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with heart disease hṝdrogi vamanasya vyapadaḥ हॄद्रोगि वमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.36 Condition caused by A condition characterized by suppression of natural urges; emetic therapy quicker death of patient. administered to person with abnormal peristalsis udāvartā vamanasya vyapadaḥ उदावर्ता वमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.37 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to a person with urinary suppression mūtrāghāta vamanasya vyapadaḥ मूत्राघातवमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.38 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to a person with cataract A condition characterized by exacerbation of cataract. timira vamanasya vyapadaḥ तिमिरवमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.39 Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with headache śiraḥśūlaḥ vamanasya vyapadaḥ शिरःशूलःवमनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.40 Condition of improper administration of emetic therapy vamana-vyāpadaḥ वमन-व्यापदः ITA-5.76.41 Condition of abdominal distension due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distension in the umbilical region; pain in back; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; severe obstruction to passage of breath; severe obstruction to passage of stool; severe obstruction to passage of urine; severe obstruction to passage of flatus. ādhmānamvamanavyāpat आध्मानम्-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.42 Condition of scissoring pain in throat region due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by excruciating sawing pain; accompanied by a slimy and bloody discharge. parikartikā-vamanavyāpat परिकर्तिका-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.43 Condition of exudation of liquid from oral/nasal route due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive flow of saliva or kapha; itching; oedema; skin disease; heaviness of body; diminution of agni; diminution of physical strength; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; loss of taste; pallor. parisrāva-vamanavyāpat परिस्राव-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.44 Condition of tightness in precordial region, due to faulty emetic therapy hṝdayopasaraṇam/ hṝdagrahaḥvamanavyāpat हॄदयोपसरणम्/ हॄदग्रहः-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.45 Condition of stiffness of body due to faulty emetic therapy gātragrahaḥvamanavyāpat गात्रग्रहः-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.46 Condition of bleeding due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by death due to blood loss; thirst; syncope or swooning; insanity. jīvādānam-vamanavyāpat जीवादानम्-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.47 Condition of rectal prolapse or mental perversion due to faulty emetic therapy vibraṃśaḥ-vamanavyāpat विभ्रंश:-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.48 Condition of body rigidity due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by retention of flatus; stiffness of anal region; proctalgia; in which morbid dosha is eliminated only in small quantities. stambhaḥ-vamanavyāpat स्तम्भः-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.49 Condition of severe mental fatigue due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mental fatigue associated with drowsiness and heaviness; weakness; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/ inability to perform physical activities. klamaḥ-vamanavyāpat क्लमः-वमनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.50 Condition of vitiated vata pain due to faulty emetic therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in back; pain in pelvis; neck pain; pain in marma regions; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; intoxication; loss of sensory perception. vātaśūlavyāpat वातशूलव्यापत् ITA-5.76.51 Condition due to improper purgation therapy virecanakarmacikitsāpacāraḥ विरे चनकर्म-चिकित्सापचारः ITA-5.76.52 Signs of excessive administration of purgation therapy virecanātiyogaḥ विरे चनातियोगः ITA-5.76.53 Condition of insufficient purgation virecanāyogaḥ विरे चनायोगः ITA-5.76.54 Condition of improper purgation therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body; dysentery; cutting type of pain in anus; abdominal distension; heaviness of head; vayu not moving downwards; increase in severity of disease. mithyāvirecanam/ virecanamithyāyogaḥ मिथ्याविरे चनम्/ विरे चनमिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.76.55 Condition caused by A condition characterized by haemorrhage through the purgation therapy upward and downward tracts. administered to person in delicate health subhaga-virecanavyāpat सुभग-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.56 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to people with fragile bodily constitution A condition characterized by haemorrhage through the upward and downward tracts. sukumāra-virecanavyāpat सुकुमार-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.57 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person having anal injury A condition characterized by distressing pain around the injured anus which may endanger life. kṣatagudasya virecanavyāpat क्षतगुदस्य विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.58 Condition caused by A condition characterized by its life-endangering risk owing to purgation therapy excessive prolapse. administered to person with rectal prolapse muktanālavirecanavyāpat मुक्तनाल-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.59 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person bleeding from lower orifices adhogaraktapittavirecanavyāpat अधोगरक्तपित्तविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.60 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person who is fasting vilaṃghitadurbalendriyālpāgnini विलंघितदुर्बलेन्द्रियाल्पाग् निनिरूढ-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.61 Condition caused by A condition characterized by absence of defecation; purgation therapy defecation with difficulty; improper expulsion of dosha. administered to person whose mind is agitated by passion kāmādivyagramanasovirecanavyāpat कामादिव्यग्रमनसोविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.62 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with indigestion ajīrṇa-virecanavyāpat अजीर्ण-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.63 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with fever of recent origin A condition characterized by immature or undigested dosha not being eliminated; aggravation of vata. navajvari-virecanavyāpat नवज्वरि-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.64 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person intoxicated by alcohol A condition characterized by its life-endangering risk. madātyayitavirecanavyāpat मदात्ययित विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.65 Condition caused by A condition characterized by severe flatulance; death. purgation therapy administered to person with abdominal distension ādhmāta-virecanavyāpat आध्मात-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.66 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person afflicated with foreign body A condition characterized by vata localized in the injured part leading to death. śalyārdita-virecanavyāpat शल्यार्दित-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.67 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with bodily injury A condition characterized by its life-endangering risk. abhighāta-virecanavyāpat अभिघात-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.68 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to overunctuous person atisnigdhavirecanavyāpat अतिस्निग्ध-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.69 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person who has undergone excessive drying therapy A condition characterized by spasticity of the limbs. atirukṣa-virecanavyāpat अतिरुक्ष-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.70 Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with costive bowel habit A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in precordium/cardiac region; breaking type of pain in small joints; borborygmi with distension; generalized body aches; vomiting; syncope or swooning; exhaustion without exertion; death of the patient. dāruṇakoṣṭhavirecanavyāpat दारुणकोष्ठ-विरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.71 Condition of improper administration of purgative therapy virecanavyāpat विरेचनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.72 Condition of abdominal A condition characterized by some or all the following signs distension due to faulty and symptoms: distension in the umblical region; pain in purgative therapy back; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; obstruction to passage of breath; severe obstruction to passage of stool; severe obstruction to passage of urine; severe obstruction to passage of flatus. ādhmānavirecanavyāpat आध्मानविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.73 Condition of scissoring pain in anal region due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by excruciating sawing pain; accompanied by slimy and bloody discharge. parikartikāvirecanavyāpat परिकर्तिकाविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.74 Condition of exudation of liquid from anal region due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: reduced discharge; itching; oedema; skin disease; heaviness of body; diminution of agni; diminution of physical strength; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; loss of taste; pallor. parisrāvavirecanavyāpat परिस्रावविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.75 Condition of migration to precordial region due to faulty purgative therapy hṝdayopasaraṇam/ hṝdagrahavirecanavyāpat हॄदयोपसरणम्/ हॄदग्रहविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.76 Condition of stiffness of A condition characterized by some or all the following signs body due to faulty and symptoms: rigidity/stiffness; shivering/tremors; pricking purgative therapy type of pain; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; spasm; churning type of pain. gātragrahavirecanavyāpat गात्रग्रहविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.77 Condition of bleeding due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by death due to blood loss; thirst; syncope or swooning; insanity. jīvādānavirecanavyāpat जीवादानविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.78 Condition of rectal prolapse due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by severe itching.. vibhramśavirecanavyāpat विभ्रंशविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.79 Condition of rigidity due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by retention of flatus; stiffness of anal region; proctalgia; morbid dosha eliminated only in small quantities. stambhavirecanavyāpat स्तम्भविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.80 Condition due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by a serious form of stiffness; severe pains all over the body; loss of consciousness. upadravavirecanavyāpat उपद्रवविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.81 Condition of mental fatigue due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mental fatigue associated with drowsiness and heaviness; weakness; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/ inability to perform physical activities. klamavirecanavyāpat क्लमविरे चनव्यापत् ITA-5.76.82 Condition of constipation due to faulty purgative therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; obstruction/retention of faeces; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; burning sensation; fever; severe pain. vibandhavyāpat विबन्धव्यापत् ITA-5.76.83 Condition due to incomplete elimination of purgative drugs A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: exhaustion without exertion; burning sensation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; headache; distress/discontent/restlessness; loss of physical strength or weakness; manifestations due to residual drug in therapeutic purgation; thirst; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; vomiting; breaking type of pain in small joints; nausea; foul eructations. sāvaśeṣauṣadhavyāpat सावशेषौषधव्यापत् ITA-5.76.84 Condition due to improper administration of enema therapy bastikarmacikitsāpacāraḥ बस्तिकर्मचिकित्सापचारः ITA-5.76.85 Condition due to improper administration of enema bastivyāpad बस्तिव्यापद् ITA-5.76.86 Condition due to subnormal or inadequate administration of enema therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness in the gastrointestinal tract; retention of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; obstruction/retention of faeces; pain in umblical region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; burning sensation; sensation of heart being attached to sticky material; oedema in the rectum; itching; nodular swelling; discoloration; loss of taste; weaking of agni. ayogabastivyāpat अयोगबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.87 Condition due to excessive; administration of enema therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the same symptoms as atiyoga in emetic and purgation therapy, i.e. thirst; confusion/delirium; syncope or swooning; clinical features of vāta prakopa; insomnia; loss of physical strength or weakness; diseases due to diminution of kapha rakta and pitta; numbness; generalized body aches; exhaustion without exertion; shivering/tremors; feeling of entering into darkness; insanity; hiccups. atiyogabastivyāpat अतियोगबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.88 Condition of mental fatigue due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: exhaustion without exertion; internal burning sensation; pain in precordium/cardiac region; confusion/ delirium; feeling of being wrapped/cramps; heaviness. klamabastivyāpat क्लमबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.89 Condition of flatulence due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension; severe flatulance as if marma is afflicted; internal burning sensation; heaviness of gastrointestinal tract; scrotal pain; pain in groin region; cardiac pain; wandering character. ādhmānabastivyāpat आध्मानबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.90 Condition of hiccups due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by hiccups. hikkābastivyāpat हिक्काबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.91 Condition of discomfort A condition characterized by symptoms afflicting the heart. in precordial region due to faulty enema therapy hṛtprāptibastivyāpat हृत्प्राप्तिबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.92 Condition of excessive upward movement of gas due to faulty enema therapy ūrdhvatābastivyāpat ऊर्ध्वताबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.93 Condition of gripping strained defecation, stools mixed with blood; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen and pain in abdomen; internal burning sensation; proctitis; fever; stools mixed with blood burning sensation. due to faulty enema therapy pravāhikābastivyāpat प्रवाहिकाबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.94 Condition of headache due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by symptoms afflicting the heart. śiro-artibastivyāpat शिरो-अर्तिबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.95 Condition of body aches due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by pains affecting the body; cramps; pricking type of pain; breaking type of pain; pulsating sensation; yawning. aṅgārtibastivyāpat अङ्गार्तिबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.96 Signs of sawing pain due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pricking pain in lumbar region; pricking pain in groin region; pricking pain in urinary bladder or basti; pain in lower abdomen; constipation; frequent voiding of stool in small quantities. parikartikābastivyāpat परिकर्तिकाबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.97 Condition of excessive discharge due to faulty enema therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anal inflammation; exudation of blood and pitta of various colours; forceful elimination; continuously resulting in fainting. parisrāvabastivyāpat परिस्रावबस्तिव्यापत् ITA-5.76.98 Condition due to improper administration of decoction enema āsthāpanāpacāraḥ/ nirūhabastyapacāraḥ आस्थापनापचारः/ निरूहबस्त्यपचारः ITA-5.76.99 Condition due to excessively administered evacuative; non-oily enema A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: numbness; generalized body aches; exhaustion without exertion; shivering/tremors; insomnia; debility; feeling of entering into darkness; insanity; hiccups; syncope or swooning; rectal prolapse; excessive elimination of kapha; onset of colicky pain; watery discharge without dosha; blood tinged watery discharge; watery discharge resembling fatty meat washings; watery discharge resembling raw meat washings; shiny watery discharge resembling fat; oil or water mixed with fatty substances; blackish watery discharge; whitish watery discharge; thirst; agravates vata; giddiness or dizziness; protruding eyes. nirūhātiyogaḥ निरूहातियोगः ITA-5.76.100 Condition due to inadequate or subnormal administration of evacuative; non-oily decoction enema A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: headache; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; pain in anal region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; pain in genital region; oedema; cold catarrh; gripping pain; nausea; retention of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/ retention; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; excessive salivation; precordial discomfort with nausea; feeling of abdominal fullness; aggravation of kapha and pitta; abdominal distension; loss of taste; vomiting; drowsiness/lassitude; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; diminution of agni; heaviness of body; severe burning sensation; itching; retention of faeces; giddiness or dizziness; papules. nirūhabastyayogaḥ निरूहबस्त्ययोगः ITA-5.76.101 Condition of improper administration of medicated non-oily enema nirūhamithyāyogaḥ निरूहमिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.76.102 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with indigestion A condition characterized by clinical features of dūṣyodara; syncope or swooning; oedema. ajīrṇa; atisnigdha; pītasnehānāṃ āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ अजीर्ण; अतिस्निग्ध; पीतस्नेहानां आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.103 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with aggravated dosha A condition characterized by a severe type of anorexia. utkliṣṭadoṣa; mandāgnera āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ उत्क्लिष्टदोष; मन्दाग्नेर आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.104 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person fatigued by travelling A condition characterized by instantaneous emaciation of body. yānaklāntasya āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ यानक्लान्तस्य आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.105 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is extremely emaciated and weak A condition characterized by instantaneous emaciation of body. atidurbala; kṣutārta ttṝṣṇārta; śramārtānāM āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ अतिदुर्बल; क्षुतार्त त्तॄष्णार्त; श्रमार्तानां आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.106 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is excessively lean A condition characterized by its giving rise to greater emaciation. atikṝśasya āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ अतिकॄ शस्य आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.107 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who has eaten and drunk water A condition characterized by instantaneous appearance of serious ailments. bhuktabhakta; pītodakasya āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ भुक्तभक्त; पीतोदकस्य आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.108 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who has just taken emetic therapy and purgation therapy A condition characterized by administration of niruha vasti which burns the dehydrated body as if ulcerated by application of alkalis. vamitaviriktayostu āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ वमितविरिक्तयोस्तु आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.109 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who has just taken errhine therapy A condition characterized by obstruction of circulation channels leading to impairment of senses. kṝtanastah karmaṇo āsthāpanaṃ कॄ तनस्त: कर्मणो आस्थापनं ITA-5.76.110 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is angry or fearful kṝddhabhīta āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ कॄ द्धभीत आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.111 Condition caused by medicated non oily enema administered to person who is intoxicated, swooning A condition characterized by mental damage. matta mūrcchitayora āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ मत्त मूर्च्छितयोर आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.112 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is vomiting, and has excessive mucosal secretions, breathing problems, cough and hiccups A condition characterized by enema moves upward due to aggravated vata. prasakta cchardirniṣṭhīvikā śvāsa kāsahikkārtānāṃ āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ प्रसक्त च्छर्दिर्निष्ठीविका श्वास कासहिक्कार्तानां आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.113 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with partial intestinal obstruction, perforation, ascites or abdominal distension A condition characterized by severe distension leading to death. baddhodara; chidrodara; udakodara; ādhmānārtānāṃ āsthāpanasyavyāpadaḥ बद्धोदर; छिद्रोदरः; उदकोदर; आध्मानार्तानां आस्थापनस्यव्यापदः ITA-5.76.114 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with intumescence of abdomen with constipation and flatus A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of āma. Alasaka is a type of indigestion caused by vitiation of vata which is obstructed by kapha and is characterized by constipation; abdominal colic and flatulence. alasaka; visūcika; āma prajāta; āmātisāriṇāma āsthāpanasyavyāpadaḥ अलसक; विसूचिक; आम प्रजात; आमातिसारिणाम आस्थापनस्यव्यापदः ITA-5.76.115 Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with diabetes and skin diseases A condition characterized by an aggravation of the clinical features of madhumeha kuṣṭa. madhumeha kuṣṭhinorvyādheḥ āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ मधुमेह कुष्ठिनोर्व्याधे: आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.116 Condition due to improper medicated oily enema anuvāsana/ sneha basti karma cikitsāpacāra, sneha basti vyāpad अनुवासन/स्नेह बस्ति कर्म चिकित्सापचार, स्नेहबस्ति व्यापद ITA-5.76.117 Condition caused by excessive administration of medicated oily enema A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nausea; confusion/delirium; exhaustion without exertion; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; syncope or swooning; gripping pain; burning sensation; continuous discharge; creates pain/distress. anuvāsanātiyoga/ snehavastiatiyoga अनुवासनातियोग/ स्नेहवस्तिअतियोग ITA-5.76.118 Condition caused by inadequate or subnormal administration of medicated oily enema anuvāsanavastyayoga/ snehavastiayoga अनुवासनवस्त्ययोग/ स्नेहवस्तिअयोग ITA-5.76.119 Condition of improper administration medicated oily enema anuvāsanamityayoga अनुवासनमित्ययोग ITA-5.76.120 Condition caused by A condition characterized by an oily enema medicated oily enema spreading upwards. administered to person who has not eaten abhukta bhaktasya anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ अभुक्तभक्तस्य अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.121 Condition caused by A condition characterized by abdominal enlargement and medicated oily enema clinical features of ascites. administered to person with fever of recent origin. navajvara pāṇḍuroga kāmalā pramehiṇāM anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ नवज्वर पाण्डुरोग कामला प्रमेहिणां अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.122 Condition caused by A condition characterized by stickiness of haemorrhoids medicated oily enema leading to abdominal distension. administered to person with piles arśasasya anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ अर्शसस्य अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.123 Condition caused by A condition characterized by an impaired desire for food. medicated oily enema administered to person with anorexia arocakārtasya anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ अरोचकार्तस्य अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.124 Condition caused by A condition characterized by diminution of agni. medicated oily enema administered to person with diminished digestive capacity and weak person mandāgni durbalayora anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ मन्दाग्नि दुर्बलयोर अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.125 Condition caused by medicated oily enema administered to person with coryza and splenomegaly A condition characterized by excessive aggravation of already aggravated dosha. pratiśyāya plīhādayoḥ anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ प्रतिश्याय प्लीहादयोः अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.126 Condition of obstruction A condition characterized by some or all the following signs of unctuous enema and symptoms: generalized body aches; fever; abdominal emulsion by vata distension; feeling of cold; rigidity/stiffness; pain in thighs; pain in sides of chest/flanks; cramps in sides of chest. snehaṃ vātāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad स्नेहं वातावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ITA-5.76.127 Condition of obstruction A condition characterized by some or all the following signs of unctuous enema and symptoms: burning sensation; redness/congestion; thirst; emulsion by pitta confusion/delirium; black-outs; fever. snehaṃ pittāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad स्नेहं पित्तावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ITA-5.76.128 Signs of obstruction of unctuous enema emulsion by kapha A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; fever with chills; lethargy; excessive salivation; loss of taste; heaviness; syncope; fatigued mind and body. snehaṃ śleśmāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad स्नेहं श्लेश्मावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ITA-5.76.129 Condition of obstruction of unctuous enema emulsion obstructed by food A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vomiting; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; fatigued mind and body; colicky pain in abdomen; sleep; generalized body aches; signs of āma; burning sensation. snehaṃ aśanāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad स्नेहं अशनावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ITA-5.76.130 Condition of obstruction A condition characterized by some or all the following signs of unctuous enema and symptoms: retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of emulsion by stool urine/retention; obstruction to passage of flatus; pain; heaviness; abdominal distension; stiffness of cardiac region. snehaṃ viḍāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad स्नेहं विडावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ITA-5.76.131 Condition due to administration of enema on empty stomach A condition characterized by enema fluid moving upwards and emerging from the throat or orifices in the upper part of body. abhukte ca praṇītasya sneha basti vyāpad अभुक्ते च प्रणीतस्य स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ITA-5.76.132 Condition due to Excessive use of maintenance oily enema yāpanavasti-atiyogaḥ यापनवस्ति-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.133 Condition due to improper application of bloodletting raktamokṣaṇa-apacāraḥ रक्तमोक्षण-अपचारः ITA-5.76.134 Condition due to suboptimal or inadequate bloodletting A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema; burning sensation; redness/ congestion; inflammation/suppuration; pain. raktamokṣaṇa-ayogaḥ रक्तमोक्षण-अयोगः ITA-5.76.135 Condition due to excessive bloodletting A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the head; blindness; eye disease and glacouma; errors of refraction/partial blindness; diminution of dhātu or emaciation; convulsions; burning sensation; hemiplegia; monoplegia; hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; pallor/clinical features of paṇḍu; death. raktamokṣaṇa-atiyogaḥ रक्तमोक्षण-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.136 Condition due to improper application of bloodletting A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: profound swelling; rigidity/stiffness; tremors; diseases of tendons and veins; diseases of tendons and veins; fatigued mind and body; other diseases of vāta origin. raktamokṣaṇamithyāyogaḥ रक्तमोक्षणमिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.76.137 Condition due to arresting blood vitiated by dosha A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bleeding disorders; fever; thirst; diminution of agni; loss of taste; clinical features of kāmalā; swelling; anal pain; pain in groin region; itching; redness; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/eruptions; skin diseases; clinical features of pāṇḍu; obstruction to passage of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine; retention/obstruction to passage of faeces; headache; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; heaviness of body; other diseases of rakta origin. duṣṭaraktastaṃbhanam दुष्टरक्तस्तंभनम् ITA-5.76.138 Condition due to improper errhine therapy nasyakarmacikitsāpacāraḥ नस्यकर्मचिकित्सापचारः ITA-5.76.139 Condition due to excessive administration of errhine therapy nasyātiyogaḥ नस्यातियोगः ITA-5.76.140 Condition due to inappropriate administration of errhine therapy nasyāyogaḥ नस्यायोगः ITA-5.76.141 Condition due to improper administration of inhalation therapy nasyamithyāyogaḥ/ śirovirecanamithyāyogaḥ/ nasyavyāpat नस्यमिथ्यायोगः / शिरोविरे चनमिथ्यायोगः/ नस्यव्यापत् ITA-5.76.142 Condition due to A condition characterized by some or all the following signs inhalation therapy and symptoms: cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; administered to vomiting; cold catarrh. person with indigestion and full stomach ajīrṇa; bhukta bhakte nasya vyāpadaḥ अजीर्ण; भुक्त भक्ते नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.143 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken oleation therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: salivation; discharge from the nose; stickiness of eyes; errors of refraction/partial blindness; diseases of the head. pītasneha; madyatoyapātukāmānāṃ nasya vyāpadaḥ पीतस्नेह; मद्यतोयपातुकामानां नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.144 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken a head bath A condition characterized by cold catarrh. snātaśirasaḥ nasya vyāpadaḥ स्नातशिरसः नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.145 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who is hungry A condition characterized by clinical features of vāta prakopa. kṣudhārtasya nasya vyāpadaḥ क्षुधार्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.146 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who is thirsty tṝṣṇārtasya nasya vyāpadaḥ तॄष्णार्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.147 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person with fatigue; intoxication or syncope śrāmārtamattamūrcchitānāma nasya vyāpadaḥ श्रामार्तमत्तमूर्च्छितानाम नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.148 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person injured by sharp and blunt weapon A condition characterized by excruciating pain. śastradaṇḍahate nasya vyāpadaḥ शस्त्रदण्डहते नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.149 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person fatigued by excessive indulgence in sexual activities; exercise or alcohol A condition characterized by pain in head; pain in shoulders; pain in eyes; pain in chest. vyavāya vyāyāma pānaklāntānāṃ nasya vyāpadaḥ व्यवाय व्यायाम पानक्लान्तानां नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.150 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person with fever of recent onset and grief A condition characterized by errors of refraction/partial blindness; aggravation of fever. navajvare śoke nasya vyāpadaḥ नवज्वरे शोकेनस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.151 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken purgation therapy A condition characterized by affliction of the sense organs. viriktasya nasya vyāpadaḥ विरिक्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.152 Complications caused by inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken unctuous enema A condition characterized by heaviness of the head. anuvāsitasya nasya vyāpadaḥ अनुवासितस्य नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.153 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to a pregnant woman A condition characterized by arrested fetal growth; blindness in one eye; deformity of upper limbs or kyphosis; hemiplegic; deformity of lower limbs. garbhiṇyā nasya vyāpadaḥ गर्भिण्या नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.154 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person with coryza of recent origin A condition characterized by morbidity of circulation channels. navapratiśyāyartasya nasya vyāpadaḥ नवप्रतिश्यायर्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.155 Condition due to inhalation therapy administered in inappropriate season or on a cloudy day anṛtau durdine nasya vyāpadaḥ अनृतौ दुर्दिने नस्य व्यापदः ITA-5.76.156 Condition due to suboptimal or inadequate dosage of oily snuff snehananasya-ayoga/ snehananasyahīnayogaḥ स्नेहननस्य-अयोग/ स्नेहननस्यहीनयोगः ITA-5.76.157 Condition due to overdosage of oily snuff A condition characterized by mucoid expectoration; heaviness of the head; abnormal sense organ functioning. snehananasya-atiyogaḥ स्नेहननस्य-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.158 Condition due to suboptimal or inadequate dosage of evacuatory snuff A condition characterized by derangement/impairment of vāta; dryness of sense organs; failure to obtain relief from the disease. śirovirecananasyaayogaḥ/ śirovirecananasyahīnayogaḥ शिरोविरे चननस्य-अयोगः/ शिरोविरे चननस्य-हीनयोगः ITA-5.76.159 Condition due to overdosage of evacuatory snuff A condition characterized by protrusion of brain matter; features of increased vāta; abnormal sense organ functioning; feeling of emptiness in the head. śirovirecananasyaatiyogaḥ शिरोविरे चननस्य-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.160 Condition due to improper application of medicated smoke dhūmapāna-apacāraḥ धूमपान-अपचारः ITA-5.76.161 Condition due to untimely application of medicated smoke therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; headache; disturbed function or injury of nose; disturbed function or injury of ears; disturbed function or injury of eyes; disturbed function or injury of tongue; bleeding disorder; deafness/hearing impairment; blindness; thirst; dumbness/ aphasia; intoxication. akāladhūmapānaḥ अकालधूमपानः ITA-5.76.162 Condition due to suboptimal application of medicated smoke therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an unclear voice; throat filled with mucus or kapha; sensation of head being wrapped in a wet cloth; disease not pacified. dhūmapāna-ayogaḥ धूमपान-अयोगः ITA-5.76.163 Condition due to excess application or overuse of application of medicated smoke therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of palate; feeling of dryness of head; dryness of throat; hotness in the palate; hotness of head; hotness of throat; thirst; confusion/delirium; profuse bleeding; severe giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; impairment of sense organ functioning; giddiness or dizziness; intoxication; constant. sound in the ear; diseases of the eyes; diseases of the nose; weakness; fever; affliction of sense organs; inflammation of the palate; smoky/fuming sensation; vomiting; death. dhūmapāna-atiyogaḥ धूमपान-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.164 Condition due to improper application of medicated smoke therapy A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: deafness/hearing impairment; blindness; dumbness/aphasia; bleeding disorder; giddiness; thirst; syncope or swooning; intoxication; confusion/delirium. dhūmapānamithyāyogaḥ धूमपानमिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.76.165 Condition due to improper gargling therapy kavalacikitsāpacāraḥ कवलचिकित्सापचारः ITA-5.76.166 Condition due to suboptimal use of gargling therapy A condition characterized by dullness/frigidity/inactivity; nausea with mucus; ageusia. kavalahīnayogaḥ कवलहीनयोगः ITA-5.76.167 Condition due to excessive use of gargling therapy A condition characterized by loss of taste; stomatitis; thirst. kavala-atiyogaḥ कवल-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.168 Condition due to improper application of eyedrops āścyotana-apacāraḥ आश्च्योतन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.169 Condition due to suboptimal application of eyedrops āścyotana-ayogaḥ आश्च्योतन-अयोगः A condition leading to aggravation of the disease. ITA-5.76.170 Condition due to excessive use of eyedrops A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: eyelids becoming hard and causing crepitus; rubbing friction; difficulty in opening the eyelids; contraction of eyelids; pulsating sensation; winking of eyelids; inability to tolerate wind. āścyotanātiyogaḥ आश्च्योतनातियोगः ITA-5.76.171 Condition due to application of very cold eyedrops A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pricking type of pain; fixedness of eye; pain; lacrimation; rubbing friction. atiśīta-aścyotanaḥ अतिशीतअश्च्योतनः ITA-5.76.172 Condition due to application of very hot and irritating eyedrops A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain; redness/congestion; loss of vision; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; debility of vision. atyuṣṇatīkṣṇaāścyotanaḥ अत्युष्णतीक्ष्ण-आश्च्योतनः ITA-5.76.173 Condition due to improper application of collyrium añjana-apacāraḥ अञ्जन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.174 Condition of improper application of collyrium A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: redness/congestion/inflammation; lacrimation; pain; turbidity/dirtiness; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; redness/congestion; rheum; pricking type of pain; difficulty in opening the eyelids; swelling; morbid affection of the iris; change of colour; ulceration and imperfect vision; errors of refraction/partial blindness. añjanamithyāyogaḥ अञ्जनमिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.76.175 Condition of excessive application of collyrium A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation; pricking type of pain; intermittent pain; loss of movement; rubbing friction; lacrimation; difficulty in opening the lids; lids becoming hard and causing crepitus; headache; debility of vision. añjanātiyogaḥ अञ्जनातियोगः ITA-5.76.176 Condition due to improper application of scraping collyrium lekhanāñjana-apacāraḥ लेखनाञ्जन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.177 Condition due to suboptimal application of scraping collyrium lekhanāñjana-ayogaḥ लेखनाञ्जन-अयोगः ITA-5.76.178 Condition due to excessive application of scraping collyrium A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distortion of eyes or vision; hardness in eyes; discoloration of eyes; flabbiness; excessive dryness of eyes; excessive lacrimation. lekhanāñjana-atiyogaḥ लेखनाञ्जन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.179 Condition due to improper application of soothing collyrium prasādāñjana-apacāraḥ प्रसादाञ्जन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.180 Condition due to underdosage of soothing collyrium A condition characterized by no desired effect following the administration of soothing collyrium. prasādāñjana-ayogaḥ प्रसादाञ्जन-अयोगः ITA-5.76.181 Condition due to overdosage of soothing collyrium prasādāñjana-atiyogaḥ प्रसादाञ्जन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.182 Condition due to improper application of healing collyrium ropaṇāñjana-apacāraḥ रोपणाञ्जन-अपचारः ITA-5.76.183 Condition due to underdosage of healing collyrium A condition characterized by no desired effect following the administration of healing collyrium. ropaṇāñjana-ayogaḥ रोपणाञ्जन-अयोगः ITA-5.76.184 Condition due to overdosage of healing collyrium ropaṇāñjana-atiyogaḥ रोपणाञ्जन-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.185 Condition due to improper application of lubrication therapy on the eyes tarpaṇa-apacāraḥ तर्पण-अपचारः ITA-5.76.186 Condition of suboptimal application of lubrication therapy on the eyes A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dry eyes; turbid eyes; excessive lacrimation; photophobia/intolerance of visual perception; increase in disease characteristics. tarpaṇahīnayogaḥ तर्पणहीनयोगः ITA-5.76.187 Condition of excessive application of lubrication therapy on the eyes A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of eye; confused/turbid eyes; excessive unctuousness of eye; lacrimation; itching; greasiness; afflicted by dosha. tarpaṇātiyogaḥ तर्पणातियोगः ITA-5.76.188 Condition due to improper application of juice expressed from warm herbal bolus on the eyes puṭapāka-apacāraḥ; पुटपाक-अपचारः ITA-5.76.189 Condition of suboptimal retention of specially prepared medications in the eye A codition characterized by inflammation/suppuration of eyes; lacrimation; type of pain where internal cooling is felt; appearance of dosha. puṭapāka-hīnayogaḥ पुटपाक-हीनयोगः ITA-5.76.190 Condition of excessive retention of specially prepared medications in the eye A condition characterized by pain; oedema; papules/ eruptions; appearance of partial blindness or timira. puṭapāka-atiyogaḥ पुटपाक-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.191 Condition due to one of the eight impediments during a gap between two key panchakarma procedures parihārakāla-vyāpadaḥ/ aparihārasevanam परिहारकाल-व्यापदः/ अपरिहारसेवनम् ITA-5.76.192 Condition of loud and excessive speech during panchakarma therapy recovery period A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the head; pricking pain in temples; pricking pain in ears; deafness; dryness of mouth; dryness of palate; dryness in throat; errors of refraction/partial blindness; thirst; fever; feeling of entering into darkness; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; torticollis/stiffness of neck; spitting; pain in chest and sides of neck; pain in sides of chest/flanks; hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing. parihārakāle uccabhāṣyam परिहारकाले उच्चभाष्यम् ITA-5.76.193 Condition of jolting by conveyance during panchakarma therapy recovery period A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: looseness of the large joints; looseness of small joints; pain in jaw; nasal pain; earache; headache; pricking pain; irritation in the pelvic region; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; abdominal distension; feeling of obstruction in the precordial region/impairment of cardiac activity/bradycardia; obstruction of sense organ functioning; pain in hips/buttocks; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in groin; pain in scrotum; low back pain; pain in back; weakness of joints; weakness of shoulders; weakness of neck; burning sensation in the limbs; pedal oedema; pedal numbness; tingling sensation in the feet. parihārakāle rathakṣobhaḥ परिहारकाले रथक्षोभः ITA-5.76.194 Condition of long walk during panchakarma therapy recovery period A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in legs/feet; pain in calf region; pain in thighs; pain in knees; pain in groin region; pain in pelvic region; pain in back; feeling of weakness/fatigue of thighs; pricking pain in legs; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; generalized body aches; burning sensation in the shoulders/ scapula; pulsatile veins; pulsatile arteries; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; cough. parihārakāle aticaṅkramaṇam परिहारकाले अतिचङ्क्रमणम् ITA-5.76.195 Condition of prolonged sitting during panchakarma therapy recovery period A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in hips/buttocks; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; pain in groin region; scrotal pain; low back pain; pain in back; weakness of joints; weakness of shoulders; weakness of neck; burning sensation in the limbs; pedal oedema; pedal numbness; tingling sensation in the feet. parihārakāle ati-āsanam परिहारकाले अति-आसनम् ITA-5.76.196 Condition of indigestion during panchakarma therapy recovery period parihārakāle ajīrṇabhojanam परिहारकाले अजीर्णभोजनम् ITA-5.76.197 Condition of unwholesome food and irregular meal during panchakarma therapy recovery periodA condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an aversion to food; weakness; discoloration; itching; scabies; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; clinical features of grahaṇī; haemorrhoids. parihārakāle ahitabhojanam परिहारकाले अहितभोजनम् ITA-5.76.198 Condition of midday sleep during panchakarma therapy recovery period A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of taste; indigestion; loss of agni; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; pallor; itching; scabies; burning sensation; vomiting; generalized body aches; tightness in the precordial region; dullness/frigidity/ inactivity; drowsiness/lassitude; continuous sleep; appearance of nodules; weakness; blood-coloured urine/ haematuria; reddish-coloured eyes; coating on the palate. parihārakāle divāsvapnaḥ परिहारकाले दिवास्वप्नः ITA-5.76.199 Condition of sexual intercourse during panchakarma therapy recovery period parihārakāle mithyāvyavāyaḥ परिहारकाले मिथ्याव्यवायः ITA-5.76.200 Condition of improper surgical intervention śastrakarma-apacāraḥ शस्त्रकर्म-अपचारः ITA-5.76.201 Condition due to faulty surgical procedure śastravibhramaḥ शस्त्रविभ्रमः ITA-5.76.202 Condition due to improper piercing of ear lobule or pinna karṇavyadhajanyarogaḥ कर्णव्यधजन्यरोगः ITA-5.76.203 Condition of fever, swelling due to improper piercing of child’s ear A condition characterized by fever; burning sensation; swelling; pain. kālikā कालिका ITA-5.76.204 Condition of development of knots due to improper piercing of child’s ear A condition characterized by pain; fever; glandular swellings and knots. marmarikā मर्मरिका ITA-5.76.205 Condition of neck stiffness due to improper piercing of child’s ear A condition characterized by neck and head stiffness; tetanus; and earache. lohitakā लोहितका ITA-5.76.206 Condition of improper repair of punctured ear karṇavyadhanasandhānaayogaḥ कर्णव्यधनसन्धान-अयोगः ITA-5.76.207 Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing vatavitiated blood A condition characterized by loss of skin. vātaduṣṭaraktaḥ वातदुष्टरक्तः ITA-5.76.208 Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing pittavitiated blood A condition characterized by a burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; redness/congestion; pain. pittaduṣṭaraktaḥ पित्तदुष्टरक्तः ITA-5.76.209 Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing kaphavitiated blood A condition characterized by stiffness; itching. kaphaduṣṭaraktaḥ कफदुष्टरक्तः ITA-5.76.210 Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing excessive bleeding A condition characterized by discoloration; oedema. atipravṛttaraktaḥ अतिप्रवृत्तरक्तः ITA-5.76.211 Condition due to scanty bleeding condition alpapravṛttaraktaḥ अल्पप्रवृत्तरक्तः ITA-5.76.212 Condition due to improper puncturing in eye diseases A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: redness/congestion; oedema; tumour; sucking type of pain; muscular growth resembling bubble; downward gaze; eye disease/glacouma; pain. liṅganāśamithyāvedhanam लिङ्गनाशमिथ्यावेधनम् ITA-5.76.213 Doncition due to excessive scraping in eye diseases A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the eyelids remaining everted; eyelashes becoming distorted; pain; profuse discharge. lekhanātiyogaḥ लेखनातियोगः ITA-5.76.214 Condition due to inadequate scraping in eye diseases A condition characterized a thick bloody discharge from the eye wound produced by the instrument; redness/congestion; oedema; excessive discharge; errors of refraction/partial blindness; failure of condition to improve; brownish discoloration of eyelid; heaviness; fixedness of eyelid; itching of eyelid; flickering of eyelids; sticky discharge; severe inflammation of eye. lekhanāyogaḥ लेखनायोगः ITA-5.76.215 Condition due to improper application of alkali substance kṣārakarma-apacāraḥ क्षारकर्म-अपचारः ITA-5.76.216 Condition due to improper application of alkali substance kṣāravibhramaḥ क्षारविभ्रमः ITA-5.76.217 Condition due to excessive internal usage of alkali solution A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hair loss; impairment of vision; affliction of heart; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; blindness; impotence; baldness; greying of hair; cutting type of pain in cardiac region. kṣārapāna-atiyogaḥ क्षारपान-अतियोगः ITA-5.76.218 Condition due to excessive cauterization or burns due to application of alkali substance A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation; redness/congestion; inflammation/suppuration; discharge; generalized body aches; exhaustion without exertion; thirst; syncope or swooning; death; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; swelling/proctitis; fever; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; diseases of head; bleeding. kṣāra-atidagdhaḥ क्षार-अतिदग्धः ITA-5.76.219 Condition due to excessive burns to the anus due to application of alkali substance A condition characterized by some or all the following signs kṣāra-atidagdhagudaḥ and symptoms: obstruction of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine; diarrhoea; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; death on fissuring/tearing of anus; swelling at anus; pricking type of pain; proctalgia; anal discharge; absent urge to defecate; inability to hold urine; excessive defecation; frequent micturition. क्षार-अतिदग्धगुदः ITA-5.76.220 Condition due to excessive burns to the nose due to application of alkali substance A condition characterized by destruction of nasal cartilage; constriction of nasal cartilage; loss of sense of smell. kṣāra-atidagdhanāsā क्षार-अतिदग्धनासा ITA-5.76.221 Condition due to excessive burns to the eye due to application of alkali substance A condition characterized by disruption of the sensory function of the eye due to puncture of eyelids; impaired vision. kṣāra-atidagdhanetram क्षार-अतिदग्धनेत्रम् ITA-5.76.222 Condition due to excessive burns to the ear due to application of alkali substance A condition characterized by loss of hearing. kṣāra-atidagdhaśrotram क्षार-अतिदग्धश्रोत्रम् ITA-5.76.223 Condition due to inadequate application of alkali substance A condition characterized by pricking pain; itching; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; increase in disease characteristics; coppery discoloration. kṣāra-hīnadagdhaḥ / durdagdhaḥ क्षार-हीनदग्धः /दुर्दग्धः ITA-5.76.224 Condition due to due to improper application of thermal cautery agnikarma-apacāraḥ अग्निकर्म-अपचारः ITA-5.76.225 Condition due to due to improper application of thermal cautery agnivibhramaḥ अग्निविभ्रमः ITA-5.76.226 Condition due to excessive burns due to therapeutic cautery agni-atidagdhaḥ Condition due to excessive cautery of haemorrhoids A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: māṃsa persisting at burn site; loosening of body parts; excessive injury to blood vessels/loss of blood vessles; excessive injury to tendons/loss of tendons; excessive injury to joints/loss of joints; excessive injury to bones/loss of bones; fever; burning sensation; thirst; syncope or swooning; delayed wound healing; discoloured scar of healed wound; severe pain; smoky sensation; deep wounds; vomiting; heavy bleeding; complications due to heavy blood loss such as emaciation; tremors; convulsive body movements; contractions of māṃsa; death. अग्नि-अतिदग्धः ITA-5.76.227 Condition due to excessive cautery of nose nāsā-atidagdhaḥ नासा-अतिदग्धः ITA-5.76.228 Condition due to excessive cautery of anus atidagdha-gudaḥ अतिदग्ध-गुदः ITA-5.76.229 A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anal fissure; burning sensation; syncope or swooning; fever; thirst; complications due to heavy blood loss. atidagdha-arśaḥ अतिदग्ध-अर्शः ITA-5.76.230 Improper burn A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blister; severe sucking pain; severe burning sensation; severe redness; severe inflammation; pain which takes a long time to subside. durdagdham दुर्दग्धम् ITA-5.76.231 Condition due to inadequate cautery of haemorrhoids A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bluish-black colour; small wound; itching; impairment of vāta; impairment of sense organs; failure to resolve. hīnadagdha-arśaḥ हीनदग्ध-अर्शः ITA-5.76.232 Condition due to incomplete first-degree burn A condition characterized by discoloration; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; no blisters. tuttha-dagdhaḥ तुत्थ-दग्धः ITA-5.76.233 Condition due to due to improper wound care vraṇa-apacāraḥ व्रण-अपचारः ITA-5.76.234 Superficial wound A condition characterized by inflammation/suppuration in which bandaging is contraindicated. abudhnavraṇaḥ अबुध्नव्रणः ITA-5.76.235 Condition due to usage of very dry wick for treating wound(s) atirūkṣavraṇavartiupayogaḥ अतिरूक्षव्रणवर्ति-उपयोगः ITA-5.76.236 Condition due to usage of very unctuous wick for treating wound(s) A condition characterized by increased moistness due to unctuous wicks. atisnigdhavraṇavartiupayogaḥ अतिस्निग्धव्रणवर्ति-उपयोगः ITA-5.76.237 Condition due to tightly packed or bandaged wound A condition characterized characterized by oedema; pain; rubbing of wound margins. gāḍhabandhana-vraṇaḥ गाढबन्धन-व्रणः ITA-5.76.238 Condition due to improper management of wound(s) mithyāvraṇopacāraḥ मिथ्याव्रणोपचारः ITA-5.76.239 Condition due to improper intake of astringent substances. kaṣāyarasa-mithyāyogaḥ कषायरस-मिथ्यायोगः ITA-5.76.240 Condition due to use of gruel endstage of fever yūṣopayogajīrṇajvaraḥ यूषोपयोगजीर्णज्वरः/यूषोपयोगवातज्वरः ITA-6.1.1 Ayurvedic pharmacology dravyaguṇavignanam द्रव्यगुण विज्ञानम् ITA-6.1.2 Substance dravyam द्रव्यम् ITA-6.1.3 Herb oṣadhiḥ ओषधिः ITA-6.1.4 Remedy “Bheṣaja” is a comprehensive term representing different treatment approaches in the direct administration of medicines. It is also used to indicate a remedy, medicine, medicament, drug or incantation, and is generally considered to have two modes: one which bestows well-being in healthy individuals and the other which alleviates diseases. bheṣajam भेषजम् ITA-6.1.5 Pharmacy bheṣajāgāraḥ, bheṣajagṛham भेषजागारः, भेषजगृहम् ITA-6.1.6 Medicine auṣadham औषधम् ITA-6.1.7 Substance with properties aligned to the five basic elements in its composition Substance with properties aligned to the five basic elements in its composition as deducted from its perceivable attributes such as taste and qualities. Although barley and wheat possess the properties of sweetness and heaviness (which ideally should alleviate vata), wheat alleviates vata while barley aggravates it. In this instance, wheat is an example of a substance with properties aligned to the five basic elements in its composition. samānapratyayārabdhadravyaḥ समानप्रत्ययारब्धद्रव्यः ITA-6.1.8 Substance with properties inconsistent with the five basic elements in its composition Substance with properties inconsistent with the five basic elements in its composition as deducted from its perceivable attributes such as taste and qualities. Although barley and wheat possess the properties of sweetness and heaviness (which ideally should alleviate vata), wheat alleviates vata while barley aggravates it. In this instance, barley is an example of a substance with properties inconsistent with the five basic elements in its composition vicitrapratyayārabdh adravyaḥ विचित्रप्रत्ययारब्धद्रव्यः ITA-6.1.9 Drugs of animal origin jāṅgamaḥ जाङ्गमः ITA-6.1.10 Drugs of plant origin audbhidam औद्भिदम् ITA-6.1.11 Drugs of mineral origin pārthivam पार्थिवम् ITA-6.1.12 Substitute drug pratinidhidravyam प्रतिनिधिद्रव्यम् ITA-6.1.13 Top-of-the-list entities such as medicine, food, health practices and habits Examples: cow’s milk in the category “milks”, green gram in the category “pulses”, grapes in the category “fruits”, etc.agryasaṅgrahaḥ अग्र्यसङ्ग्रहः ITA-6.2.1 Five pharmaco-therapeutic principles of substance The five pharmaco-therapeutic principles of substances are taste, quality, potency, post-digestion taste, and unique therapeutic action. rasapañcakam रसपञ्चकम् ITA-6.2.1.1 Taste There are six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter and astringent. The term also indicates the fundamental structural component of primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasadhatu) as well as mercury. rasaḥ रसः ITA-6.2.1.2 Sweet taste madhura-rasaḥ, svāduḥ मधुर-रसः, स्वादुः ITA-6.2.1.3 Group of sweet substances madhuraskandhaḥ मधुरस्कन्धः ITA-6.2.1.4 Sour taste amla-rasaḥ अम्ल-रसः ITA-6.2.1.5 Group of sour substances amlaskandhaḥ अम्लस्कन्धः ITA-6.2.1.6 Salty taste lavaṇa-rasaḥ, paṭuḥ लवण-रसः, पटुः ITA-6.2.1.7 Group of salty substances lavaṇaskandhaḥ लवणस्कन्धः ITA-6.2.1.8 Pungent taste kaṭu-rasaḥ, ūṣaṇaḥ कटु -रसः, ऊषणः ITA-6.2.1.9 Group of pungent substances kaṭukaskandhaḥ, kaṭuskandhaḥ कटु कस्कन्धः, कटु स्कन्धः ITA-6.2.1.10 Bitter taste tikta-rasaḥ तिक्त-रसः ITA-6.2.1.11 Group of bitter substances tiktaskandhaḥ तिक्तस्कन्धः ITA-6.2.1.12 Astringent taste kaṣāya-rasaḥ, tuvaraḥ कषाय-रसः , तुवरः ITA-6.2.1.13 Group of astringent substances kaṣāyaskandhaḥ कषायस्कन्धः ITA-6.2.1.14 Secondary taste anurasaḥ अनुरसः ITA-6.2.1.15 Indistinct taste anirdeśyarasaḥ अनिर्देश्यरसः ITA-6.2.1.16 Taste exerting a cooling effect Taste exerting a cooling effect due to the predominance of water element. saumyarasaḥ सौम्यरसः ITA-6.2.1.17 Taste exerting heating effect Taste exerting a heating effect due to the predominance of fire element. āgneyarasaḥ आग्नेयरसः ITA-6.2.2.1 Property, quality or attribute Property, quality or attribute guṇaḥ गुणः ITA-6.2.3.1 Potency The innate quality of a substance, its ability to effectuate a change, or act on the body and mind. Broadly categorized into two categories: hot and cold potency. vīryam, śaktiḥ वीर्यम्, शक्तिः ITA-6.2.4.1 Post digestive state Taste of a substance after undergoing complete digestion and transformation. There are three types: sweet, sour and astringent. vipākaḥ विपाकः ITA-6.2.5.1 Unique therapeutic action An observed pharmacological action, the mechanism of which remains as yet unknown. prabhāvaḥ प्रभावः ITA-6.2.6.1 Pharmacological activity Defined as the action inherent in the substance. Covers a wide range of pharmaco-therapeutic actions and nutritional effects. karma कर्म ITA-6.2.6.2 Pacifying vitiated dosha doṣa-praśamanam दोष-प्रशमनम् ITA-6.2.6.3 Disrupting normalcy of fundamental structural components dhātu-pradūṣaṇam धातु-प्रदूषणम् ITA-6.2.6.4 Maintaining well-being and good health svasthavṛttahitam स्वस्थवृत्तहितम् ITA-6.2.6.5 Restoring normalcy or pacifying action Substances with the ability to restore normalcy, i.e. vata-pacifying, pitta-pacifying and kapha-pacifying . śamanam [vāta-śamanam, pitta-śamanam and kaphaśamanam] शमनम् [वातशमनम्, पित्तशमनम्, कफशमनम्] ITA-6.2.6.6 Vitiating action Substances with the ability to destabilize health by vitiating one or several doshas, i.e. vata-vitiating, pitta-vitiating and kapha-vitiating . kōpanam [vātakōpanam, pittakōpanam, kaphakōpanam] कोपनम् [वातकोपनम्, पित्तकोपनम्, कफकोपनम्] ITA-6.2.6.7 Stimulating digestive fire or appetizing action A therapeutic action which kindles digestive fire without directly acting on the products of incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism (ama). It also denotes the procedure for preparing mercury to amalgamate other substances. dīpanam दीपनम् ITA-6.2.6.8 Digestive action A drug which directly acts on products of incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism (ama) but does not kindle digestive fire pācanam पाचनम् ITA-6.2.6.9 Palliative action A drug which neither eliminates aggravated doṣha nor aggravates normal dosha but restores irregular dosha to normalcy. saṃśamana-karma संशमन-कर्म ITA-6.2.6.10 Therapeutic emesis A therapeutic emesis to eliminate vitiated pitta and kapha which are drawn to the stomach by preparatory panchakarma procedures . vamana-karma, ūrdhvabhāgahara-karma वमन-कर्म, ऊर्ध्वभागहर-कर्म ITA-6.2.6.11 Normal course of movement A therapeutic action which helps in the proper formation of excreta and relieves any obstruction to their downward movement; it also indicates the direction of stroke employed in a regular therapeutic oil massage. anulōmanam अनुलोमनम् ITA-6.2.6.12 Mild laxative A type of purgative which does not allow unformed excreta to adhere to the alimentary canal but expels them. sraṃsana-karma स्रंसन-कर्म ITA-6.2.6.13 Strong laxative A type of therapeutic action which breaks down faecal matter or vitiated dosha and expels them. bhedanam भेदनम् ITA-6.2.6.14 Therapeutic purgation A therapeutic purgation to eliminate vitiated dosha which are drawn to the stomach by preparatory panchakarma procedures. virecana-karma, recana-karma विरेचन-कर्म, रेचनकर्म ITA-6.2.6.15 Corrosive action A therapeutic action which forcibly drives out sticky dosha such as kapha. chedanam छेदनम् ITA-6.2.6.16 Drying and sloughing A therapeutic action which dries and sheds tissues or impurities from the body. lekhanam लेखनम् ITA-6.2.6.17 Weight-reducing A related term to emaciating substance. karśanam कर्शनम् ITA-6.2.6.18 Absorptive action A drug which has appetizing and digestive qualities as well as an absorbent action due to its hot quality. grāhī ग्राही ITA-6.2.6.19 Inhibition of excess flow or secretions The action of a dry, cold, and astringent substance is to increase vata and check its flow through or out of the body; it therefore has a styptic action. stambhanam स्तम्भनम् ITA-6.2.6.20 Semen-producing śukrajananam शुक्रजननम् ITA-6.2.6.21 Promoting optimum semen quantity The therapeutic action of a drug which increases semen. śukralaḥ शुक्रलः ITA-6.2.6.22 Substances that cleanse or purify semen A qualitative improvement of semen. śukraśodhanam शुक्रशोधनम् ITA-6.2.6.23 Substance that is harmful for semen production śukraharaḥ, śukraghnam शुक्रहरः, शुक्रघ्नम् ITA-6.2.6.24 Substance inducing sterility ṣāṇḍhyakaraḥ, puṃstvopaghātīn, puṃstvanāśanaḥ षाण्ढ्यकरः, पुम्स्त्वोपघातिन्, पुम्स्त्वनाशनः ITA-6.2.6.25 Substance restoring menstrual flow ārtavajananam आर्तवजननम् ITA-6.2.6.26 Substance sustaining and preserving pregnancy In general, this term also covers lifestyle and therapeutic measures that create the conditions favourable for preserving pregnancy. garbhasthāpanam, prajāsthāpanam गर्भस्थापनम्, प्रजास्थापनम् ITA-6.2.6.27 Galactagogue, substance promoting lactation Stanyajananam, stanyakṛt स्तन्यजननम्, स्तन्यकृत् ITA-6.2.6.28 Breast milk purifier stanyaśodhanam स्तन्यशोधनम् ITA-6.2.6.29 Substance promoting health and functioning of the eyes netryam, cakṣuṣyam नेत्र्यम्, चक्षुष्यम् ITA-6.2.6.30 Substance clearing vision dṛkprasādanam दृक्प्रसादनम् ITA-6.2.6.31 Substance promoting health and functioning of the throat kaṇṭhyam कण्ठ्यम् ITA-6.2.6.32 Substance enhancing the voice svaryam स्वर्यम् ITA-6.2.6.33 Taste enhancer rocanaḥ, rucyam,rucikṛt, rociṣṇuḥ रोचनः, रुच्यम्, रुचिकृत्, रोचिष्णुः ITA-6.2.6.34 Substance enhancing health and functioning of the heart, mindpleasing hṛdyam हृद्यम् ITA-6.2.6.35 Substance reducing health and functioning of the heart, minddispleasing ahṛdyam अहृद्यम् ITA-6.2.6.36 Substance clearing the sense organs akṣaprasādanam अक्षप्रसादनम् ITA-6.2.6.37 Antidote agadaḥ अगदः ITA-6.2.6.38 Rapidly acting āśukārī आशुकारी ITA-6.2.6.39 Substance spreading all over the body before being digested Example: intoxication with Cannabis sativa L. and Papaver somniferum L. vyavāyī व्यवायी ITA-6.2.6.40 Substance damaging tissue and loosening joints Example: deleterious effects of chewing Areca catechu L. . vikāśī विकाशी ITA-6.2.6.41 Narcotic, intoxicant Substances hampering the intellectual functions following consumption, e.g. alcohol. madakārī मदकारी ITA-6.2.6.42 Substance unclogging channels in the body pramāthī प्रमाथी ITA-6.2.6.43 Substance maintaining life, wholesome to life jīvanīyaḥ जीवनीयः ITA-6.2.6.44 Bulk-promoting bṛṃhaṇīyaḥ बृंहणीयः ITA-6.2.6.45 Substance which dehydrates rukṣaṇam रुक्षणम् ITA-6.2.6.46 Substance liquefying and causing oozing of body fluids viṣyandaḥ विष्यन्दः ITA-6.2.6.47 Substance inducing body secretions and clogging of channels Substances blocking the channels that transport primary circulating nutrient fluid and producing heaviness in the body. abhiṣyandi अभिष्यन्दि ITA-6.2.6.48 Anabolism Effect of a substance which acts as anabolic and promotes growth. upacayaḥ उपचयः ITA-6.2.6.49 Anti-emetic chardinigrahaṇam, chardighnam छर्दिनिग्रहणम्, छर्दिघ्नम् ITA-6.2.6.50 Substance imparting a normal colour to the faeces purīṣavirajanīya पुरीषविरजनीय ITA-6.2.6.51 Stool-consolidating purīṣasaṅgrahaṇīya पुरीषसङ्ग्रहणीय ITA-6.2.6.52 Substance increasing the quantity of faeces purīṣajananam पुरीषजननम् ITA-6.2.6.53 Substance increasing the quantity of urine mūtrajananam मूत्रजननम् ITA-6.2.6.54 Substance accommodating the properties of other substances Substance accommodating the properties of other substances yogavāhī with which it comes into contact without losing its own attributes: it can therefore be used as a vehicle for drug administration, e.g. honey. योगवाही ITA-6.2.6.55 Wound-healing vraṇa-ropaṇaḥ व्रण-रोपणः ITA-6.2.6.56 Substance promoting wound-healing vraṇyaḥ व्रण्यः ITA-6.2.6.57 Substance healing fresh wounds sadyaḥkṣataghnam सद्यःक्षतघ्नम् ITA-6.2.6.58 Substance producing belching, thirst, burning sensation and difficult to digest vidāhī विदाही ITA-6.2.6.59 Life-sustaining vṛttikaraḥ वृत्तिकरः ITA-6.2.6.60 Lifespan-enhancing Substances which are beneficial for enhancement of the life span. āyuṣyam आयुष्यम् ITA-6.2.6.61 Life span-reducing Life span-limiting substances. anāyuṣyam अनायुष्यम् ITA-6.2.6.62 Substance enhancing the reproductive element in both quality and quantity vṛṣyam वृष्यम् ITA-6.2.6.63 Unwholesome to ojas anaujasyam अनौजस्यम् ITA-6.2.6.64 Substance pacifying cold sensation Śītapraśamanam, śītāpanayanam शीतप्रशमनम्, शीतापनयनम् ITA-6.2.6.65 Anti-colic śūlapraśamanam शूलप्रशमनम् ITA-6.2.6.66 Blood purifier raktaśodhanaḥ, asraviśodhanaḥ रक्तशोधनः, अस्रविशोधनः ITA-6.2.6.67 Substance alleviating inflammation śothaharaḥ, śothaghnaḥ, śvayathughnaḥ, śvayathuharaḥ शोथहरः, शोथघ्नः, श्वयथुघ्नः, श्वयथुहरः ITA-6.2.6.68 Wound cleansing vraṇa-śodhanam व्रण-शोधनम् ITA-6.2.6.69 Anti-pruritic kaṇḍūghnaḥ, kaṇḍūharaḥ, kaṇḍūpraśamanaḥ कण्डूघ्नः, कण्डुहरः, कण्डू प्रशमनः ITA-6.2.6.70 Substance relieving dyspnoea śvāsaharaḥ श्वासहरः ITA-6.2.6.71 Substance restoring consciousness saṃjñāsthāpanam संज्ञास्थापनम् ITA-6.2.6.72 Tissue-binding, union-promoting sandhānīya सन्धानीय ITA-6.2.6.73 Tissue-binding, union-promoting Substance aiding in fracture union or wound healing. sandhānakaraḥ सन्धानकरः ITA-6.2.6.74 Substance promoting firmness, stability sthairyakaraḥ स्थैर्यकरः ITA-6.2.6.75 Somniferous, soporific Substance tending to induce sleep svapnajananam स्वप्नजननम् ITA-6.2.6.76 Diaphoretic Substance inducing perspiration. svedajananam स्वेदजननम् ITA-6.2.6.77 Anti-diaphoretic Substance reducing perspiration. svedāpanayanaḥ स्वेदापनयनः ITA-6.2.6.78 Hiccup-relieving hikkānigrahaṇaḥ हिक्कानिग्रहणः ITA-6.2.6.79 Substance aiding in union of fractures bhagnasandhānam, bhagnasandhānakaraḥ भग्नसन्धानम्, भग्नसन्धानकरः ITA-6.2.6.80 Trichogenic Substances promoting hair growth keśavardhanam केशवर्धनम् ITA-6.2.6.81 Substance beneficial to hair keśyam, romasañjananam केश्यम्, रोमसञ्जननम् ITA-6.2.6.82 Hair colorant keśarañjanam केशरञ्जनम् ITA-6.2.6.83 Substance removing foul mouth odour mukhagandhaharaḥ मुखगन्धहरः ITA-6.2.7.1 Time of administration of a medicine Frequency or dosage interval bhaiṣajyakālaḥ / auṣadhakālaḥ भैषज्यकालः / औषधकालः ITA-6.2.7.2 Administration of medicine on empty stomach Abhaktam, anannam अभक्तम्, अनन्नम् ITA-6.2.7.3 Administration of medicine at the beginning of a meal bhuktādiḥ, annādau, prāgbhaktaḥ भुक्तादिः, अन्नादौ, प्राग्भक्तः ITA-6.2.7.4 Administration of medicine in the middle of a meal madhyabhaktaḥ, madhyabhojanam मध्यभक्तः, मध्यभोजनम् ITA-6.2.7.5 Administration of medicine after a meal aścādpbhaktaḥ, adhobhaktaḥ, bhojanottaram पश्चाद्भक्तः, अधोभक्तः, भोजनोत्तरम् ITA-6.2.7.6 Frequent administration of medicine muhurmuhuḥ मुहुर्मुहुः ITA-6.2.7.7 Administration of medicine immediately before and after meals sāmudgam सामुद्गम् ITA-6.2.7.8 Administration of medicine mixed with food bhaktasaṃyuktam, sabhaktaḥ, sānnam, sambhojyam. भक्तसंयुक्तम्, सभक्तः, सान्नम्, सम्भोज्यम् ITA-6.2.7.9 Administration of medicine with a morsel of food sagrāsam, grāsam सग्रासम्, ग्रासम् ITA-6.2.7.10 Administration of medicine between successive morsels of food grāsāntaram, kavalāntaram ग्रासान्तरम्, कवलान्तरम् ITA-6.2.7.11 Administration of medicine at night before sleeping niśi, svapnakālaḥ निशि, स्वप्नकालः ITA-6.2.7.12 Administration of medicine between meals antarabhaktam अन्तरभक्तम् ITA-6.2.7.13 Dose or measure mātrā मात्रा ITA-7.1.1 Preparation of medicines auṣadhakalpanā औषधकल्पना ITA-7.1.2 Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals bhaiṣajyakalpanā भैषज्यकल्पना ITA-7.1.3 Paste kalkaḥ कल्कः ITA-7.1.4 Decoction kvāthaḥ, śṛtaḥ, niryūhaḥ क्वाथः, शृतः, निर्यूहः ITA-7.1.5 Powder cūrṇam, rajaḥ,kṣodaḥ चूर्णम्, रजः, क्षोड: ITA-7.1.6 Juice svarasaḥ स्वरसः ITA-7.1.7 Juice expressed from steamed bolus of herbs puṭapākasvarasaḥ पुटपाकस्वरसः ITA-7.1.8 Hot infusion phāṇṭam, cūrṇadravaḥ फाण्टम्, चूर्णद्रवः ITA-7.1.9 Cold infusion himakaṣāyaḥ, śītakaṣāyaḥ,himaḥ,śītaḥ हिमकषायः, शीतकषायः, हिमः, शीतः ITA-7.1.10 Water-soluble extract concentrated into semisolid form The desired drug is decocted, filtered and concentrated into a thick syrup rasakriyā रसक्रिया ITA-7.1.11 Water-soluble concentrate (solid) ghanaḥ घनः ITA-7.1.12 Water-soluble solid extract ghanasattvam घनसत्त्वम् ITA-7.1.13 Tablet made from water soluble solid extract ghanavaṭī घनवटी ITA-7.1.1.1 Substance taken with or after medicine or food A substance, usually liquid, which is taken with or after intake of a medicine or food. anupānam अनुपानम् ITA-7.1.1.2 Unhusked barley brew Fermented liquid prepared by using raw broken unhusked barley. tuṣāmbuḥ तुषाम्बुः ITA-7.1.1.3 Fermentation sandhānam सन्धानम् ITA-7.1.1.4 Distillate surā/prasannā सुरा/प्रसन्ना ITA-7.1.1.5 Sour rice gruel kāñjikam काञ्जिकम् ITA-7.1.1.6 Powder made from dewdrops A powder made from dewdrops collected from the chickpea or chaṇaka plant [Cicer arietinum L.]. caṇakāmlaḥ चणकाम्लः ITA-7.1.1.7 Lime water cūrṇodakam, śuddhodakam चूर्णोदकम्,शुद्धोदकम्‌ ITA-7.1.1.8 Solute of shellac lākṣārasaḥ लाक्षारसः ITA-7.1.2.1 Trituration bhāvanā भावना ITA-7.1.2.2 Crushing in mortar and pestle Substances crushed in a mortar and pestle to enhance their quality mardanam मर्दनम् ITA-7.1.2.3 Pre-processing of ghee A procedure for refining and enhancing the potency of oil or or oil with herbs ghee and imparting colour and fragrance to it. The term also denotes the process by which mercury attains the property of curing diseases. mūrcchanam मूर्च्छनम् ITA-7.1.2.4 Pre-processing of ghee Refining and enhancing the potency of ghee. ghṛtamūrcchanam घृतमूर्छनम् ITA-7.1.2.5 Pre-processing of oil Refining and enhancing the potency of ghee. tailamūrcchanam तैलमूर्छनम् ITA-7.1.2.6 Pre-processing of mercury A process by which mercury attains the property of curing diseases. paradamūrcchanam पारदमूर्छनम् ITA-7.1.2.7 Alternative for an unavailable ingredient pratinidhidravyam प्रतिनिधिद्रव्यम् ITA-7.1.2.8 Addition of small quantity of powder at the end of preparation Addition of powdered ingredients (generally at the end of main processing) to enhance the taste, palatability and absorption of a medicine. prakṣepaḥ प्रक्षेपः ITA-7.1.3.1 Instrument, equipment or apparatus yantram यन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.2 Distillation apparatus arkayantram अर्क यन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.3 Mortar and pestle khalvayantram खल्वयन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.4 Instrument for sublimation ḍamaruyantram डमरुयन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.5 Distillation apparatus tiryakapātanayantram तिर्यकपातनयन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.6 Ladle-shaped instrument darvikayantram दर्विकयन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.7 Apparatus used for purifying substances by sudation or steaming dolāyantram दोलायन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.3.8 Sand bath vālukāyantram वालुकायन्त्रम् ITA-7.1.4.1 Measurements mānam मानम् ITA-7.1.4.2 Measurement of weight bhāraḥ/pautavamānam भारः/पौतवमानम् ITA-7.1.4.3 Measure of weight approximately equal to 125 mg Measure of weight equal to one fruit of the jequirity bean Guñjā, rattī गुञ्जा, रत्ती ITA-7.1.4.4 Jequirity bean seed Seed of Abrus precatorius L. Often employed as a unit of weight. Guñjā (bīja) गुञ्जा (बीज) ITA-7.1.4.5 Measure of weight approximately equal to 1 g Measure of weight equal to eight seeds of jequirity bean . māṣaḥ माषः ITA-7.1.4.6 Black gram seed Seed of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Employed as a unit of weight. māṣaḥ(bīja) माषः(बीज) ITA-7.1.4.7 Measure of weight approximately equal to 12 g Measure of weight equal to 12 masha. karṣaḥ, tolā कर्षः, तोला ITA-7.1.4.8 Measure of weight approximately equal to 24 g Measure of weight equal to 2 karsha. śuktiḥ शुक्तिः ITA-7.1.4.9 Measure of weight approximately equal to 48 g Measure of weight equal to 4 karṣaḥ or 2 shukti. palam पलम् ITA-7.1.4.10 Measure of weight approximately equal to 96 g Measure of weight equal to 8 karsha or 2 pala. prasṛtiḥ प्रसृतिः ITA-7.1.4.11 Measure of weight approximately equal to 192 g Measure of weight equal to 16 karsha or 2 prasriti. kuḍavaḥ कुडवः ITA-7.1.4.12 Measure of weight approximately equal to 384 g Measure of weight equal to 32 karsha or 2 kudava. mānikā/śarāvaḥ मानिका/शरावः ITA-7.1.4.13 Measure of weight approximately equal to 768 gm Measure of weight equal to 64 karsha or 2 manika. prasthaḥ प्रस्थः ITA-7.1.4.14 Measure of weight approximately equal to 3 kg and 72 g Measure of weight equal to 256 karsha or 4 prastha. āḍhakam आढकम् ITA-7.1.4.15 Measure of weight approximately equal to 12 kg and 288 g Measure of weight equal to 1024 karsha or 4 adhaka. droṇaḥ द्रोणः ITA-7.1.4.16 Measure of weight approximately equal to 24 kg and 576 g Measure of weight equal to 2048 karsha or 2 drona. śūrpaḥ शूर्पः ITA-7.1.4.17 Measure of weight approximately equal to 49 kg and 152 g Measure of weight equal to 4096 karsha or 2 shurpa. droṇī /vāhi द्रोणी/वाहि ITA-7.1.4.18 Measure of weight approximately equal to 196 kg and 608 g Measure of weight equal to 16384 karsha or 4 droni. khāriḥ खारिः ITA-7.1.4.19 Measure of weight approximately equal to 4 kg and 800 g Measure of weight equal to 400 karsha or 100 pala. tulā तुला ITA-7.1.4.20 Measure of weight approximately equal to 96 kg Measure of weight equal to 8000 karsha or 20 tula. bhāraḥ भारः ITA-7.1.4.21 Measurements of distance or length dairghyam / pāyyamānam दैर्घ्यम् / पाय्यमानम् ITA-7.1.4.22 Length approximately equal to thickness of barley grain at its centre Measure of length equal to the distance taken by a thin string to yavodaraḥ traverse the centre of one barley grain or the central thickness of the barley grain: one-eighth of 3/4 inch, i.e. 0.24 cm. यवोदरः ITA-7.1.4.23 Barley grain Grain of Hordeum vulgare L. Often employed as a basic unit of length. yava यव ITA-7.1.4.24 Length equal to thickness of 8 barley seeds Measure of length equal to the distance traversed through the centre of 8 barley grains placed next to each other, equivalent to 3/4 inch or 1.94 cm (on average although this measure may differ in every individual). aṅgulaḥ अङ्गुलः ITA-7.1.4.25 Distance between extended tips of thumb and little finger Measure of length equal to the distance between the tip of thumb and the tip of little finger spread out: approximately 9 inches or 22.86 cm, equivalent to 12 angula (23.4 cm). vitastiḥ वितस्तिः ITA-7.1.4.26 Distance between elbow and tip of little finger Measure of length equal to the distance between the elbow and the tip of the little finger: 16.5 inches or 41.91 cm, approximately equivalent to 22 aṅgula. aratniḥ अरत्निः ITA-7.1.4.27 Cubit Measure of length equal to the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the olecranon process or elbow: 18 inches or 45.72 cm. hastaḥ हस्तः ITA-7.1.4.28 Distance between tips of middle fingers of outstretched upper limbs Measure of length equal to the distance between the tip of the middle fingers of both outstretched upper limbs: 72 inches or 182.88 cm. vyāmaḥ व्यामः ITA-7.1.4.29 Measurements of time kālamānaḥ कालमानः ITA-7.1.4.30 Time equivalent to approximately 0.16 second The time taken to pronounce a short syllable or one blink of the eye. kṣaṇam/nimeṣaḥ क्षणम्/निमेषः ITA-7.1.4.31 Time equivalent to approximately 2.38 seconds Time equal to 15 nimesha. kāṣṭhā काष्ठा ITA-7.1.4.32 Time equivalent to approximately 71.64 seconds Time equal to 30 kashtha. kalā कला ITA-7.1.4.33 Time equivalent to approximately 24 minutes Time equal to 20 kala and 3 kashtha. ghaṭī/nāḍikā घटी/नाडिका ITA-7.1.4.34 Time equivalent to approximately 48 minutes Time equal to two nadika. muhūrtaḥ मुहूर्तः ITA-7.1.4.35 Time equivalent to approximately 3 hours Time equal to 3.75 muhurta. yāmaḥ यामः ITA-7.1.4.36 Time equivalent to 24 hours Time equal to a complete day and night. ahorātraḥ अहोरात्रः ITA-7.1.4.37 Time equivalent to one fortnight Time equal to half of a lunar month or 15 days. pakṣaḥ पक्षः ITA-7.1.4.38 Time equivalent to one month Time equal to one lunar month or 30 days (two paksha). māsaḥ मासः ITA-7.1.4.39 Time equivalent to two months Time equal to 2 lunar months or 60 days. ṛtuḥ ऋतुः ITA-7.1.4.40 Time equivalent to six months Time equal to 6 lunar months or 180 days. ayanam अयनम् ITA-7.1.4.41 Time equivalent to one year Time equal to two ayana. saṃvatsaraḥ संवत्सरः ITA-7.1.4.42 Time equivalent to five years Time equal to five samvatsara. yugaḥ युगः ITA-7.2.1 Discipline dealing with the therapeutic applications of metals and minerals rasaśāstram रसशास्त्रम् ITA-7.2.2 Mercury The basic and most important ingredient of various formulations mentioned in the discipline dealing with the therapeutic applications of metals and minerals (rasaśāstra). pāradaḥ पारदः ITA-7.2.3 Eight stages of the mercury purification process Purifying mercury for medicinal use involves eight processes which need to be applied consecutively in a specific sequence. They include svedanam, mardanam, murchanam, utthapanam, patanam, rodhanam, niyamanam and dipanam/ samdipanam. pārada-aṣṭasaṃskāraḥ पारद-अष्टसंस्कारः ITA-7.2.4 Sudation of mercury svedanam स्वेदनम् ITA-7.2.5 Trituration of mercury mardanam मर्दनम् ITA-7.2.6 Swooning of mercury mūrcchanam मूर्छनम् ITA-7.2.7 Reviving of mercury utthāpanam उत्थापनम् ITA-7.2.8 Distillation of mercury pātanam पातनम् ITA-7.2.9 Sublimation of mercury ūrdhvapātanam ऊर्ध्वपातनम् ITA-7.2.10 Downward distillation of mercury adhaḥpātanam अधःपातनम् ITA-7.2.11 Oblique distillation of mercury tiryak-pātanam तिर्यक् -पातनम् ITA-7.2.12 Potentiation of mercury. Bodhanam, rodhanam बोधनम्, रोधनम् ITA-7.2.13 Modulating or restricting the mobility of mercury niyamanam नियमनम् ITA-7.2.14 Capacitating mercury to amalgamate other entities Dīpanam, दीपनम् ITA-7.2.1.1 Crucible mūṣā मूषा ITA-7.2.1.2 Earthen cupel or saucer A utensil generally used for refining metals and minerals, and for calcinating metals and minerals using graded heat. śarāvaḥ शरावः ITA-7.2.1.3 Processing raw ingredients to optimize safety and efficacy śodhanam शोधनम् ITA-7.2.1.4 Removing residual impurities, toxicity A process adopted for the exclusion of remnant impurities or toxicity amṛtīkaraṇam अमृतीकरणम् ITA-7.2.1.5 Removal of physical impurities nirmalīkaraṇam निर्मलीकरणम् ITA-7.2.1.6 Calcination or incineration of minerals, metals and marine products māraṇam मारणम् ITA-7.2.1.7 Calcinated minerals, metals or marine products The ashes of minerals or metals obtained by calcination or incineration. Bhasma भस्म ITA-7.2.1.8 Testing of calcinated minerals An assay of calcinated minerals based on the following criteria: verifying microfine nature by flotation on water (varitara), filling in the flexor creases of the hand (rekhapurnata), non-lustrous nature (nischandra) and non-reversal to metallic state (niruttha, apunarbhava). bhasmaparīkṣā [: vāritara, rekhāpurṇatā,, niścandra, niruttha, apunarbhava ] भस्मपरीक्षा [वारितर, रे खापूर्णता, निश्चन्द्र, निरुत्थ, अपुनर्भव] ITA-7.2.1.9 Immersion of heated solid in liquid nirvāpaṇam/nimajjanam निर्वापणम्/निमज्जनम् ITA-7.2.1.10 Pouring molten metal into a liquid ḍhālanam ढालनम् ITA-7.2.1.11 Fumigation dhūpanam/dhūpa धूपनम्, धूप ITA-7.2.1.12 Cooking in a vessel sthālīpākaḥ स्थालीपाकः ITA-7.2.1.13 Processing, heating with sunlight The process of simply heating substances with sunlight. bhānupākaḥ, ādityapāka भानुपाकः, आदित्यपाक ITA-7.2.1.14 Processing by heating medicines in a glass flask or bottle kūpīpākaḥ कूपीपाकः ITA-7.2.1.15 Sealing of vessel joint Sealing of the vessel containing the processed substance, usually with a paste of clay and cloth. sandhilēpanam सन्धिलेपनम् ITA-7.2.1.16 Traditional oven A graded heating system traditionally using cow-dung cake for the calcination or incineration (preparation of bhasma) of metals, minerals and marine products. puṭaḥ पुटः ITA-7.2.1.17 Traditional oven using eight cow-dung cakes A traditional oven using eight cow-dung cakes to produce heat for the calcination or incineration (bhasma) of mercury, gold, silver and other metals. kapotapuṭaḥ कपोतपुटः ITA-7.2.1.18 Traditional oven using 1000 cow-dung cakes A traditional oven using 1000 cow-dung cakes to produce heat for the calcination or incineration (bhasma) of mica, zinc and iron. gajapuṭaḥ गजपुटः ITA-7.2.1.19 Traditional oven using 500 cow dung cakes A traditional oven using 500 cow-dung cakes to produce heat for the calcination or incineration of mica, copper, silver and cowrie shells. varāhapuṭaḥ वराहपुटः ITA-7.2.1.20 Left to cool, self-cooling svāṅgaśītam स्वाङ्गशीतम् ITA-7.2.1.21 Cow-dung cake Cattle droppings which dry naturally in the open fields. Each approximately weighs around 50 to 75 grams. vanopalā, vanotpalā, vanyopalā, karīṣaḥ वनोपला, वनोत्पला, वन्योपला, करीषः ITA-7.2.1.22 Black sulfide of mercury Black sulfide of mercury is prepared by sulfur trituration. kajjalī कज्जली ITA-7.2.1.23 Thin flakes of wafer parpaṭī पर्पटी ITA-7.2.2.1 Group of key substances used in the processing of mercury A group of eight minerals used in the processing of mercury: 1. abhrakam, 2. vaikrantam, 3. makshikam, svarnamakshikam, 4. vimalam, 5. shilajatu, 6. sasyaka, tuttha, 7. capala and 8. rasaka, kharpara; considered to have superior properties to other minerals. mahārasaḥ महारसः ITA-7.2.2.2 Mica Biotite [iron mica (black) or ferro-magnesium mica: (HK)2(MgFe)2(AlFe)2(SiO4)3]. In calcinated form abhrakam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. abhrakam अभ्रकम् ITA-7.2.2.3 Fluorspar and tourmaline Calcium fluoride (CaF2). In calcinated form vikrantam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. vaikrāntam वैक्रान्तम् ITA-7.2.2.4 Copper pyrite, chalcopyrite Copper iron sulfide (Cu2Fe2S4). In calcinated form makshikam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. mākṣikam/ svarṇamākṣikam माक्षिकम्/स्वर्णमाक्षिकम् ITA-7.2.2.5 Iron pyrite Ferrous disulfide (FeS2). In calcinated form vimalam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. vimalam विमलम् ITA-7.2.2.6 Black bitumen Black bitumen in powder form is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral formulations. śilājatu शिलाजतु ITA-7.2.2.7 Bornite and peacock ore Bornite and peacock ore have the chemical composition Cu3FeS4 and Cu5FeS4 respectively; copper sulfate is also known as tutthaḥ. In calcinated form tuttha is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. sasyakaḥ/tutthaḥ सस्यकः/तुत्थः ITA-7.2.2.8 Bismuth or selenium Bismuth (III) sulfide (Bi2S3). In calcinated form chapala is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. capalaḥ चपलः ITA-7.2.2.9 Smithsonite, calamine Zinc carbonate (ZnCo3). In calcinated form rasaka is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. rasakaḥ/kharparaḥ रसकः/खर्परः ITA-7.2.3.1 Group of subsidiary substances used in the processing of mercury A group of subsidiary substances of mineral and plant origin (subsidiary to the superior minerals) which are complementary to the superior elements in the processing of mercury: gandhaka, gairika, kasisa, kamkshi/sphatika, haritalam, manahshila, anjanam and kankushtam. uparasaḥ उपरसः ITA-7.2.3.2 Sulfur Duly processed gandhakam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. gandhakaḥ गन्धकः ITA-7.2.3.3 Red ochre Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3). Duly processed gairikam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. gairikam गैरिकम् ITA-7.2.3.4 Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4).7H2O. Duly processed kasisa is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. kāsīsaḥ कासीसः ITA-7.2.3.5 Potash alum K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Duly processed kankshi is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. kāṃkṣī/sphaṭikā कांक्षी/स्फटिका ITA-7.2.3.6 Orpiment, yellow arsenic Arsenic trisulfide (As2S3). Duly processed haritalam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. haritālam हरितालम् ITA-7.2.3.7 Realgar As2S2. Duly processed manahshila is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. manaḥśilā मन:शिला ITA-7.2.3.8 Antimony trisulfide; collyrium Sb2S3. Duly processed anjanam is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. añjanam अञ्जनम् ITA-7.2.3.9 Exudates of Mysore gamboge tree Bark exudate of Mysore gamboge tree (Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr.). kaṅkuṣṭham कङ्कुष्ठम् ITA-7.2.4.1 Group of supplement- A group of mineral substances which serve a supplementary ary mineral substances role in the processing of mercury: kampillakaḥ, gaurīpāṣāṇam, narasāraḥ/navasādaraḥ, kapardakaḥ, vahnijāraḥ, girisindūraḥ, hiṅgulam and mṛddāraśrṛṃgaḥ. sādhāraṇarasaḥ साधारणरसः ITA-7.2.4.2 Kamala or kumkum tree fruit powder The red coloured powder covering the fruit of the kamala or kumkum tree [Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg.]. kampillakaḥ कम्पिल्लकः ITA-7.2.4.3 White arsenic Arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Duly processed gauripashanam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. gaurīpāṣāṇam गौरीपाषाणम् ITA-7.2.4.4 Ammonium chloride Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Duly processed narasara for medicinal usage is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations. narasāraḥ/navasādaraḥ नरसारः/नवसादरः ITA-7.2.4.5 Marine or cowrie shell Duly processed kapardaka is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. kapardakaḥ कपर्दकः ITA-7.2.4.6 Ambergris Duly processed vahnijara is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. vahnijāraḥ वह्निजारः ITA-7.2.4.7 Red oxide of mercury Duly processed girisindhura is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. girisindūraḥ गिरिसिन्दूरः ITA-7.2.4.8 Cinnabar, red sulfide of mercury Mercuric sulfide (HgS). Duly processed hingulam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. hiṅgulam हिङ्गुलम् ITA-7.2.4.9 Litharge Lead oxide (PbO). Duly processed mriddarashringa is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. mṛddāraśrṛṃgaḥ मृद्दारश्रृंगः ITA-7.2.5.1 Metal Group of metallic ingredients for medicinal usage. The Sanskrit term dhatu also denotes fundamental structural components of the body. dhātuḥ धातुः ITA-7.2.5.2 Gold Au (Aurum). Duly processed svarna is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. svarṇam स्वर्णम् ITA-7.2.5.3 Silver Ag (Argentum). Duly processed rajata is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. rajatam रजतम् ITA-7.2.5.4 Copper Cu (Cuprum). Duly processed tamra is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. tāmram ताम्रम् ITA-7.2.5.5 Iron Fe (Ferrum). Duly processed loha is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. lauham/lohaḥ लौहम्/लोहः ITA-7.2.5.6 Tin Sn (Stannum). Duly processed vanga is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. vaṅgam वङ्गम् ITA-7.2.5.7 Lead Pb (Plumbum). Duly processed naga is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. nāgam नागम् ITA-7.2.5.8 Zinc Zn (Zinc). Duly processed yashada is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. yaśadam यशदम् ITA-7.2.5.9 Brass An alloy of copper and zinc. Duly processed pittala is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. pittalam पित्तलम् ITA-7.2.5.10 Bronze An alloy of copper and tin. Duly processed kansya is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. kāṃsyam कांस्यम् ITA-7.2.5.11 An alloy of iron, bronze, copper and brass Duly processed vartala is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. Vartalauham, vartalohaḥ वर्तलौहम्, वर्तलोहम् ITA-7.2.5.12 Iron rust Iron oxide (Fe2O3.H2O). Duly processed mandura is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. maṇḍūram मण्डूरम् ITA-7.2.6.1 Gems Group of gems/precious stones for medicinal usage. ratnam रत्नम् ITA-7.2.6.2 Ruby Duly processed manikya is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. māṇikyam माणिक्यम् ITA-7.2.6.3 Pearl Duly processed mukta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. muktāphalam मुक्ताफलम् ITA-7.2.6.4 Coral Duly processed vidruma is employed as a stand-alone medicine vidrumam or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. विद्रुमम् ITA-7.2.6.5 Emerald Duly processed tarkshya is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. tārkṣyam तार्क्ष्यम् ITA-7.2.6.6 Yellow sapphire, topaz Duly processed pushyaraga is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. puṣharāgam पुष्परागम् ITA-7.2.6.7 Diamond Duly processed hiraka is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. hīrakam, vajra हीरकम्, वज्र ITA-7.2.6.8 Blue sapphire Duly processed nilam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. nīlam नीलम् ITA-7.2.6.9 Zircon or hessonite Duly processed gomedakam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. gomedakam गोमेदकम् ITA-7.2.6.10 Cat’s eye Chrysoberyl (BeAl2O4). Duly processed vaiduryam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. vaiḍūryam/vaidūryam वैडूर्यम्/वैदूर्यम् ITA-7.2.7.1 Subsidiary gems Group of subsidiary gems, precious stones for medicinal usage. uparatnam उपरत्नम् ITA-7.2.7.2 Sun stone Sun stone is plagioclase feldspar which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. Duly processed suryakanta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. sūryakāntaḥ सूर्यकान्तः ITA-7.2.7.3 Moon stone Moon stone is sodium potassium aluminium silicate of feldspar with a pearly appearance. Duly processed chandrakanta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. candrakāntaḥ चन्द्रकान्तः ITA-7.2.7.4 Lapis lazuli Duly processed rajavarta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. rājāvartaḥ राजावर्तः ITA-7.2.7.5 Turquoise Duly processed pairojaka is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. pairojakaḥ पैरोजकः ITA-7.2.7.6 Jade Duly processed vyomashma is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. vyomāśmaḥ व्योमाश्मः ITA-7.2.7.7 Quartz Rock crystal (SiO2); duly processed sphatika is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. sphaṭikaḥ स्फटिकः ITA-7.2.7.8 Serpentine Magnesium silicate. Duly processed nagapashana is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. nāgapāṣāṇam नागपाषाणम् ITA-7.2.7.9 Talc Hydrated magnesium silicate. Duly processed dugdhapashana is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. dugdhapāṣāṇam दुग्धपाषाणम् ITA-7.2.7.10 Amber Duly processed amber is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. tṛṇakāntaḥ तृणकान्तः ITA-7.2.8.1 Group of whitecoloured substances A group of whitish substances of mineral, plant and animal origin which contain natural calcium. śuklavargaḥ, sudhāvargaḥ शुक्लवर्गः, सुधावर्गः ITA-7.2.8.2 Hartshorn The desiccated horn of a male deer. Duly processed mrigashringa is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. mṛgaśrṛṃgam मृगश्रृंगम् ITA-7.2.8.3 Conch shell Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Duly processed shankha is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. śaṃkhaḥ शंखः ITA-7.2.8.4 Pearl oyster Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Duly processed shukti is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. śuktiḥ शुक्तिः ITA-7.2.8.5 Gypsum Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 .2H2O). Duly processed godanti is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. gōdantī गोदन्ती ITA-7.2.8.6 Silicate of lime Duly processed badarashma is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations. badarāśmaḥ बदराश्मः ITA-7.2.8.7 Chalk Pipe clay: a form of limestone composed of mineral calcite or calcium carbonate. Duly processed khatika is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. khaṭikā खटिका ITA-7.2.8.8 Hen’s eggshell Duly processed kukkutanda tvak is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. kukkutandatvak कुकुटाण्डत्वक् ITA-7.2.9.1 Salt Different salts used in medicinal preparations. lavaṇam लवणम् ITA-7.2.9.2 Rock salt saindhavalavaṇam सैन्धवलवणम् ITA-7.2.9.3 Reh or earthen salt audbhidalavaṇam औद्भिदलवणम् ITA-7.2.9.4 Artificially made salt viḍalavaṇam विडलवणम् ITA-7.2.9.5 Sea salt Sodium chloride (NaCl) sāmudralavaṇam सामुद्रलवणम् ITA-7.2.9.6 Black salt sauvarcalalavaṇam सौवर्चललवणम् ITA-7.2.9.7 Sambhar salt rōmakalavaṇam रोमकलवणम् ITA-7.2.10.1 Alkali Group of alkaline substances used in medicinal preparations. kṣāraḥ क्षारः ITA-7.2.10.2 Salt petre Potassium nitrate (KNO3). sūryakṣāraḥ सूर्यक्षारः ITA-7.2.10.3 Alkali containing mainly sodium bicarbonate svarjikṣāraḥ, sarjikṣāraḥ, sarjikākṣāraḥ. स्वर्जिक्षारः, सर्जिक्षारः, सर्जिकाक्षारः ITA-7.2.10.4 Alkali mainly containing potassium carbonate yavakṣāraḥ यवक्षारः ITA-7.2.10.5 Borax ṭaṅkaṇam टङ्कणम् ITA-8.1.1 Preparation of food and beverages āhārakalpanā आहारकल्पना ITA-8.1.2 Food Any substance which is consumed for the purpose of nutrition and energy. It includes all types of food items whether eatable, biteable, drinkable, lickable or chewable. āhāraḥ आहारः ITA-8.1.3 Wholesome Dietary items, activities and behavioural regimens that are beneficial for the body channels or systems: these are subject to individual variations. pathyam पथ्यम् ITA-8.1.4 Unwholesome Dietary items, activities and behavioural regimens that are not beneficial for the body channels or systems. These are subject to individual variations. Antonym of pathya. apathyam अपथ्यम् ITA-8.1.5 Incompatible foods Types of food which should not be eaten together, examples of incompatible combinations include examples of incompatible combinations include milk and salt, milk and fish, honey and ghee in equal amounts. viruddhāhāraḥ, viruddhānnam विरुद्धाहारः/ विरुद्धान्नम् ITA-8.1.6 Varieties of food Classification of food items based on their mode of eating or consumption. āhārasvarūpabhedaḥ आहारस्वरूपभेदः ITA-8.1.7 Eatables Solid food items such as rice, bread, and pancakes which are to be chewed when consumed. aśitam अशितम् ITA-8.1.8 Drinkables Food items such as juices, milk or buttermilk which are consumed in liquid form. pītam पीतम् ITA-8.1.9 Lickables Semisolid food items such as pastes, jams, and jellies, which are licked when consumed. līḍham लीढम् ITA-8.1.10 Suckables Soft food including juicy fruits (such as mango) which may be consumed by sucking. coṣyam/cūṣyam चोष्यम् / चूष्यम् ITA-8.1.11 Hard eatables Solid food items which are hard and need to be broken up with the teeth before being swallowed. khāditam खादितम् ITA-8.1.12 Chewables Food which requires thorough chewing when consumed. carvyam चर्व्यम् ITA-8.1.13 Eatables A substance that can be consumed orally. bhakṣyam भक्ष्यम् ITA-8.2.1 Categories of food āhāravargaḥ आहारवर्गः ITA-8.2.2 Group of grains from grass seeds with awn The group of grains derived from grass seeds having awn and spikes. śūkadhānyavargaḥ शूकधान्यवर्गः ITA-8.2.3 Group of pulses and legumes The group of seeds from plants covered with pods such as black gram, green gram, horse gram, green pea, pigeon pea or chickpea. śamīdhānyavargaḥ, śimbīdhānyavargaḥ, vaidalavargaḥ शमीधान्यवर्गः/ शिम्बीधान्यवर्गः, वैदलवर्गः ITA-8.2.4 Group of meats The group of meats of various animals such as birds, fish. māṃsavargaḥ मांसवर्गः ITA-8.2.5 Group of vegetables The group of vegetables comprising leaf, root or tuber, flower, stem and fruit. śākavargaḥ शाकवर्गः ITA-8.2.6 Group of fruits In general, fruits that are eaten after they ripen are classified as group of fruits e.g. grapes, pomegranate and mango. Fruits that are eaten raw are classified as a group of vegetables. phalavargaḥ फलवर्गः ITA-8.2.7 Group of greens The group of vegetables which should be consumed fresh such as salads, leafy vegetables and certain spices: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ardraka), Raphanus sativus L. (mulaka), Mentha spicata L.(putiha), Coriandrum sativum L.(dhanyaka) or Allium cepa L. (palandu). haritavargaḥ हरितवर्गः ITA-8.2.8 Suitable for preparation Pulses which are beneficial in soup preparations such as of soup green gram. sūpyam सूप्यम् ITA-8.2.9 Group of alcoholic drinks The group of alcoholic drinks such as wine prepared by fermentation of grains and fruits. madyavargaḥ मद्यवर्गः ITA-8.2.10 Group of milk and milk products The group of milk and milk products such as milk, curd, buttermilk, butter, and ghee obtained from various animals such as cows, buffaloes and goats. gorasavargaḥ गोरसवर्गः ITA-8.2.11 Group of sugarcane derivatives The group of substances derived from sugarcane such as sugarcane juice, jaggery and sugar. ikṣuvargaḥ इक्षुवर्गः ITA-8.2.12 Group of food adjuvants The group of food adjuvants such as types of oil, dry ginger, long pepper (pippali), asafoetida or rock salt. āhārayogivargaḥ आहारयोगिवर्गः ITA-8.2.13 Milk Generally, denotes cow milk kṣīram/payaḥ/dugdham क्षीरम्/पयः/दुग्धम् ITA-8.2.14 Group of milks kṣīravargaḥ क्षीरवर्गः ITA-8.2.15 Group of eight types of milk obtained from different sources Milk of cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, elephant, camel and humans. kṣīrāṣṭakam क्षीराष्टकम् ITA-8.2.16 Group of curds Curds, and the stages of their preparation, from the milk of various animals. dadhivargaḥ दधिवर्गः ITA-8.2.17 Buttermilk prepared by churning curd after removing cream A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd and the removing cream. mathitaḥ मथितः ITA-8.2.18 Thick buttermilk A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd with half the amount of water. udaśvit उदश्वित् ITA-8.2.19 Thin buttermilk A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd with quarter the amount of water. takram तक्रम् ITA-8.2.20 Whey The supernatant liquid portion after the formation of curd or buttermilk, mixed with large amount of water. kaṭvaram कट्वरम् ITA-8.2.21 Inspissated milk The solid part of milk obtained through curdling. kilāṭam किलाटम् ITA-8.2.22 Solid part of milk boiled with buttermilk or curd The solid portion obtained when milk is boiled with buttermilk or curd. kūrcikā कू र्चिका ITA-8.2.23 Solid part of milk boiled with buttermilk The solid portion obtained when milk is boiled with buttermilk. takrakūrcikā तक्रकूर्चिका ITA-8.2.24 Solid part of milk boiled with curd The solid portion obtained when milk is boiled with curd. dadhikūrcikā दधिकूर्चिका ITA-8.2.25 Colostrum The milk of mammals produced just after delivery of their offspring: it is considered nourishing and heavy to digest. pīyūṣaḥ पीयूषः ITA-8.2.26 Sweet preparation of curd A preparation of curd obtained by mixing it with sugar and spices such as pepper. rasālā रसाला ITA-8.2.27 Watery part of curd The supernatant liquid portion of curd. dadhimastu दधिमस्तु ITA-8.2.28 Buttermilk prepared by churning curd A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd without adding water. gholaḥ घोलः ITA-8.2.29 Group of honeys Honey produced by various types of honeybee. madhuvargaḥ मधुवर्गः ITA-8.2.30 Honey from small bees A variety of brownish-coloured honey produced by small types of honeybee. kṣaudram क्षौद्रम् ITA-8.2.31 Ghee-coloured honey A variety of honey which resembles ghee in colour, produced by larger types of honeybee. pauttikam पौत्तिकम् ITA-8.2.32 Whitish honey from large bees A variety of whitish-coloured honey produced by large black bees. bhrāmaram भ्रामरम् ITA-8.2.33 Oil-like honey A variety of honey which resembles oil in colour and produced by tawny honeybees. mākṣikam माक्षिकम् ITA-8.2.34 Group of various types of processed and unprocessed water The group of various types of processed and unprocessed water such as rainwater, water from wells, lakes and rivers, coconut water and boiled water. ambuvargaḥ/jalavargaḥ अम्बुवर्गः/जलवर्गः ITA-8.2.35 Water ambu/āpaḥ अम्बु/आपः ITA-8.2.36 Rainwater before reaching the earth’s surface Rainwater collected directly before it touches the earth’s surface and considered the best of all types of water. āntarikṣa-jalam/āntarikṣaudakam / gaṅgāmbu / आन्तरिक्ष-जलम्/आन्तरिक्षउदकम्/ गङ्गाम्बु ITA-8.2.37 River water Water obtained from rivers and streams. nādeya-udakam नादेय-उदकम् ITA-8.2.38 Dew water Water obtained from dewdrops formed at night in the cold season or rainwater accumulating on leaves. tauṣāram तौषारम् ITA-8.2.39 Spring water Water which arises naturally from the earth. audbhidajalam औद्भिदजलम् ITA-8.2.40 Water derived from hailstones Water obtained by melting hailstones kāram कारम् ITA-8.2.41 Well water Water obtained from wells. kaupam कौपम् ITA-8.2.42 Uncontaminated water A type of water which is not contaminated with dust, soot, toxic gases or other environmental impurities. gāṅgajalam गाङ्गजलम् ITA-8.2.43 Fall water A type of water which originates from waterfalls in the mountains. dhāram धारम् ITA-8.2.44 Water derived from a spring or fountain A type of water obtained from small falls or fountains. prāsravaṇam प्रास्रवणम् ITA-8.2.45 Step well water A type of water obtained from step wells. vāpyam वाप्यम् ITA-8.2.46 Surface water Surface water which is very prone to contamination with dust, soot, toxic substances, and other environmental impurities. sāmudrajalam सामुद्रजलम् ITA-8.2.47 Lake water A type of water obtained from lakes. sārasam सारसम् ITA-8.2.48 Water detoxified by exposure to the rays of sun and moon and Canopus star Water purified by the rays of the sun and moon and detoxified by the effect of Canopus or “cleanser of waters” star (agastyanakṣatra) which is seen in autumn (sharad ṛtu). haṃsodakam हंसोदकम् ITA-8.2.49 Water derived from snow Water formed when ice melts. haimam हैमम् ITA-8.2.50 Tank or pond water Water sourced from artificial tanks or ponds. tāḍāgam ताडागम् ITA-8.3.1 Processed by heating The process of cooking by direct or indirect contact with fire or heat. agnisiddhaḥ अग्निसिद्धः ITA-8.3.2 Cooking with steam The process of cooking with the aid of steam. kukūlapācanam कुकूलपाचनम् ITA-8.3.3 Cooking on pan The method of cooking on a hot pan which is usually made of clay. karparapācanam कर्परपाचनम् ITA-8.3.4 Processing by retaining for long duration A type of food processing which involves keeping food articles for long periods in order to obtain a beneficial modulation of their properties. kālaprakarṣaḥ कालप्रकर्षः ITA-8.3.5 Processing by use of specific vessels or utensils A type of food processing in which the properties of food items are modified by using specific utensils for preparation, eating and storage. bhājanam भाजनम् ITA-8.3.6 Infusing or perfuming A type of food processing which involves transferring properties by keeping food items in contact with another substance. vāsanam वासनम् ITA-8.3.7 Churning A type of processing which involves transforming the properties of a substance by churning. manthanam मन्थनम् ITA-8.3.8 Fritter with sweet stuffing A type of food preparation in which a sweet substance is coated in batter and fried. madhukroḍaḥ मधुक्रोडः ITA-8.3.9 Fritter-like preparation with sweet honey stuffing A preparation similar to a fritter with sweet stuffing in which honey is additionally mixed and prepared in bolus form. sapiṇḍikaḥ सपिण्डिकः ITA-8.3.10 Group of processed food items A group of processed food items such as thin gruel of rice (peya), and boiled rice (odana). kṛtānnavargaḥ कृतान्नवर्गः ITA-8.3.11 Supernatant liquid obtained after draining boiled rice The liquid portion of rice prepared by adding 14 parts water to one part rice. maṇḍaḥ मण्डः ITA-8.3.12 Thin rice gruel A thin gruel of rice along with its solid portion which is easily digestible and thus increases digestive capacity; it is prepared by adding 14 parts water to one part broken rice and boiling well until all the rice grains become soft. peyā पेया ITA-8.3.13 Thick rice gruel A rice gruel preparation which contains a greater solid than liquid portion; it is prepared by adding 4 parts water to one part broken rice and boiling until the rice becomes soft. vilepī विलेपी ITA-8.3.14 Cooked rice It is prepared with 5 parts water to one part rice and boiling until the rice becomes soft. odanam ओदनम् ITA-8.3.15 Parched paddy A preparation of roasted grains which is easily digestible. lājā लाजा ITA-8.3.16 Thin gruel of parched grain A thin gruel prepared from parched grains. lājapeyā लाजपेया ITA-8.3.17 Liquid portion of parched grain gruel The liquid portion of gruel prepared from parched grains lājamaṇḍaḥ लाजमण्डः ITA-8.3.18 Processed liquid portion of parched grain gruel The liquid portion of parched grain gruel which is processed with oil or ghee, and spices. saṃskṛtalājamaṇḍaḥ संस्कृतलाजमण्डः ITA-8.3.19 Flour of roasted parched grain A type of food preparation made from the flour of roasted parched grain by adding water and sugar, and mixing it to the consistency of paste. lājasaktuḥ लाजसक्तुः ITA-8.3.20 Type of gruel made from barley A gruel made from barley flour soaked in hot water followed by boiling. kulmāṣaḥ कुल्माषः ITA-8.3.21 Soup of vegetables and /or pulses A type of food preparation in which a soup of vegetables and/ or pulses is prepared by adding 16 parts water. yūṣaḥ यूषः ITA-8.3.22 Non-processed soup of vegetables A type of food preparation in which a soup of vegetables and/or pulses is prepared by adding 16 parts water without processing with oil or ghee, and spices. akṛtayūṣaḥ अकृतयूषः ITA-8.3.23 Processed soup of vegetables and / or pulses A type of food preparation in which a soup of vegetables and/ or pulses is prepared by adding 16 parts water and processed with oil or ghee, and spices. kṛtayūṣaḥ कृतयूषः ITA-8.3.24 Thin meat soup A meat soup prepared with larger amount of water. tanurasaḥ तनुरसः ITA-8.3.25 Processed meat soup A meat soup processed with oil or ghee, and spices. kṛtarasaḥ कृतरसः ITA-8.3.26 Sour soup A soup prepared by adding a sour substance. amlasūpaḥ अम्लसूपः ITA-8.3.27 Soup without added sour substances A soup prepared without adding any sour substance. anamlasūpaḥ अनम्लसूपः ITA-8.3.28 Toasted grain flour A dietetic preparation made by adding sugar and water to the flour of roasted grains such as barley, wheat, Bengal gram or parched rice. saktuḥ सक्तुः ITA-8.3.29 Flour of roasted rice A dietetic preparation made by adding sugar and water to the flour of roasted rice. śālisaktuḥ शालिसक्तुः ITA-8.3.30 Flour cake, a type of bread A type of food preparation made from rice, barley, or wheat flour. apūpaḥ अपूपः ITA-8.3.31 Fried barley porridge A type of food preparation made from fried barley. vāṭyaḥ वाट्यः ITA-8.3.32 Sprouted grains Varieties of sprouted grains such as green gram or chickpea. virūḍhadhānāḥ, virūḍhadhakaḥ विरूढधानाः, विरूढाढकः ITA-8.3.33 Type of cake A large round cake composed of ground rice, sugar and sesame, which is cooked in oil. śaṣkuliḥ शष्कुलिः ITA-8.3.34 Fried sweet bread A deep-fried sweet bread. pūpaḥ पूपः ITA-8.3.35 Deep-fried sweet bread A type of sweet cake fried in ghee or oil. pūpalikā पूपलिका ITA-8.3.36 Boneless meat prepared with certain condiments A preparation in which boneless meat is cooked, then ground and mixed with ghee and spices such as pepper and garlic, before being made into flattened balls which are steam cooked. veśavāraḥ वेशवारः ITA-8.3.37 Flattened rice A preparation made from de-husked paddy which is moistened, fried, and then parched and flattened. pṛthukaḥ पृथुकः ITA-8.3.38 Beverage A beverage prepared from unripe fruit such as mango, grapes, dates, and jujube by adding sugar and spices. pānakam पानकम् ITA-8.3.39 Sweet-sour sauce A preparation with mixed sweet, sour and salty tastes usually made by using the juice of garcinia, falsa fruit and black plum, and adding sugar, black salt, rock salt and a small amount of mustard powder. rāgaḥ रागः ITA-8.3.40 Confectionery Various type of preparations made of sweet, sour, and salty substances. ṣāḍavaḥ षाडवः ITA-8.3.41 Electuary A sweet semi-liquid preparation that is consumed by licking. lehaḥ लेहः ITA-8.3.42 Vinegar A kind of sour liquid prepared from roots and fruits by first steeping them in oil and salt, then drying them before placing them in water to undergo acetous fermentation. śuktam शुक्तम् ITA-8.3.43 Type of fermented beverage A specific preparation resulting from a process of fermentation. śiṇḍākī शिण्डाकी ITA-8.3.44 Sour gruel A gruel prepared using cereals and pulses (rice and horse gram) which is fermented until it becomes sour. kāñjikam/kāñjī काञ्जिकम्/काञ्जी ITA-8.3.45 Beverage prepared from fruit A type of beverage prepared from sour fruits such as jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.). khaḍaḥ खडः ITA-8.3.46 Beverage prepared from roots and sesame A type of beverage prepared from roots and sesame. kāmbalikaḥ काम्बलिकः ITA-8.3.47 Porridge A food preparation made with rice, green gram, salt, ginger, and asafoetida in appropriate amounts and boiled until the rice becomes soft. kṛśarā कृशरा ITA-8.3.48 Oil cakes The residue of seeds which have been pressed and ground to extract their oil. piṇyākaḥ पिण्याकः ITA-8.3.49 Liquid portion of porridge prepared with fried barley The liquid portion of food preparations made from fried barley and consisting of one part fried barley and 14 parts water. vāṭyamaṇḍaḥ वाट्यमण्डः ITA-8.3.50 Meat soup A soup of varying consistency prepared with or without seasoning or condiments. māṃsarasaḥ, rasaḥ. मांसरसः, रसः ITA-9.1.1 General medicine One of the eight clinical branches of Ayurveda:it deals with the management of generalized systemic diseases. kāyacikitsā कायचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.2 Body or internal fire, denoting all metabolic factors of the body All factors responsible for digestion and metabolism or transformation. kāyaḥ कायः ITA-9.1.3 Treatment A treatment eradicates or normalizes impaired dosha and reestablishes all the dhatu in equilibrium, thereby restoring the normal structure and function of bodily elements. cikitsā चिकित्सा ITA-9.1.4 Disease elimination Cure of disease. Synonym of treatment. vyādhiharam व्याधिहरम् ITA-9.1.5 Compatible with health Dietary and behavioural practices helpful in treating disease or maintaining health. Synonym of treatment. pathyam पथ्यम् ITA-9.1.6 Treatment instrument Tool or means by which a disease is cured, and health restored. Synonym of treatment. sādhanam साधनम् ITA-9.1.7 Medication Therapeutic measures by which a disease is cured, and health restored. Synonym of treatment. auṣadham औषधम् ITA-9.1.8 Treatment protocol The therapeutic measures taken to counter the disease state. Synonym of treatment. upakramaḥ उपक्रमः ITA-9.1.9 Amendment to wrong behaviour Correction of wrong behaviour, leading to disease alleviation. Synonym of treatment. prāyaścittam प्रायश्चित्तम् ITA-9.1.10 Palliation The process of disease abatement or containment. Synonym of treatment. praśamanam प्रशमनम् ITA-9.1.11 Restoration of health Process of restoring health. Synonym of treatment. prakṛtisthāpanam प्रकृतिस्थापनम् ITA-9.1.12 Salutary to health Wholesome food, all activities such as a daily routine and medications which are conducive to health. Synonym of treatment. hitam हितम् ITA-9.1.13 Rebuffing of disease The process by which a disease is warded off or deflected. Synonym of treatment. vāraṇam वारणम् ITA-9.1.14 Therapeutic rituals One of the treatment classifications: spiritual therapies include the incantation of mantra, talismans, wearing gems, auspicious offerings, gifts, oblations, atonements, fasting and pilgrimage. daivavyapāśrayacikitsā, daivīcikitsā दैवव्यपाश्रयचिकित्सा, दैवीचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.15 Chanting of auspicious hymns A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by incantation of appropriate mantra under specified conditions. mantracikitsā मन्त्रचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.16 Gem wearing A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease through wearing appropriate gems or precious stones depending on the disease itself. maṇidhāraṇam मणिधारणम् ITA-9.1.17 Auspicious offerings A type of therapeutic ritual. maṅgalam मङ्गलम् ITA-9.1.18 Offerings to deity excluding animal sacrifice A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease whereby something auspicious is offered to the deity to cure the ailment. baliḥ बलिः ITA-9.1.19 Offerings to deity including animal sacrifice A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease whereby an animal is offered to the deity to cure the ailment. upahāraḥ उपहारः ITA-9.1.20 Oblations or offerings given through fire A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease through the process of combusting various things as offerings to cure the ailment. homam होमम् ITA-9.1.21 Practising auspicious rules A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by following certain rules to cure the ailment. niyamaḥ नियमः ITA-9.1.22 Atonement, compensatory rites A type of therapeutic ritual. prāyaścittam प्रायश्चित्तम् ITA-9.1.23 Mindful restriction of food intake A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by adhering to therapeutic mindful or intermittent fasting. upavāsaḥ उपवासः ITA-9.1.24 Blessings from elders A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by receivingblessings (aśirvada) to cure the ailment. svastyayanam स्वस्त्ययनम् ITA-9.1.25 Pilgrimage A type of therapeutic ritual:treatment of a disease by visiting a holy place to cure the ailment. praṇipātagamanam प्रणिपातगमनम् ITA-9.1.26 Structured therapy based on clinical reasoning A rational and evidence-based therapeutic intervention within the ambit of human intelligence; one of the treatment classifications which has recourse to modalities such as the administration of medicines, diet and other evidence-based approaches to treat a disease. yuktivyapāśrayacikitsā, mānuṣīcikitsā युक्तिव्यपाश्रयचिकित्सा, मानुषीचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.27 Proven or evidencebased clinical protocol for management of a disease Definitive treatment or permanent remedy to a disease: the term naiṣṭhikīcikitsā is a compound of the two words niṣtha (definitive) and cikitsā (treatment). naiṣṭhikīcikitsā नैष्ठिकीचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.28 Administration of foods Administration of a proper diet for the management of diseases. āhāradravyayojanam आहारद्रव्ययोजनम् ITA-9.1.29 Administration of medicines Administration of medicines for the management of diseases. auṣadhadravyayojanam औषधद्रव्ययोजनम् ITA-9.1.30 Hazardous substance A substance which has a deleterious or adverse effect on health. Antonym of medicine or medication. abheṣajam अभेषजम् ITA-9.1.31 Acute toxin One of the two types of hazardous substance which produces an immediate harmful effect after use, e.g. poisoning, burning by fire or cutting with a sharp instrument. bādhanam बाधनम् ITA-9.1.32 Detrimental to health in the long term One of the two types of hazardous substance which give rise to disease, e.g. long-term adoption of incompatible food and unhealthy practices. sānubādhanam सानुबाधनम् ITA-9.1.33 Procedure or medicine A procedure or medicine used in the treatment of disease. bheṣajam भेषजम् ITA-9.1.34 Health-promoting A medicine or regimen which boosts health in a healthy person; a feature of rejuvenative therapy. svasthasyorjaskaram स्वस्थस्योर्जस्करम् ITA-9.1.35 Rejuvenative therapy The procedures or medicines used to improve health and longevity. rasāyanam रसायनम् ITA-9.1.36 Potency and fertility therapy One of the eight clinical branches of Ayurveda concerned with aphrodisiac use. vājīkaraṇam वाजीकरणम् ITA-9.1.37 Curative medicine A medicine which alleviates a patient’s ailments. ārtasyaroganut आर्तस्यरोगनुत् ITA-9.1.38 Conservative therapy Therapy which aims to mitigate the disease by pacifying dosha (in contrast to purifying therapies, which remove dosha from the body). saṁśamanam संशमनम् ITA-9.1.39 Two-fold therapeutic protocol Therapeutic protocols can be broadly classified into two: nourishing therapy and depleting therapy. dvividhopakramaḥ द्विविधोपक्रमः ITA-9.1.40 Nourishing therapy A procedure of disease alleviation by nourishment of bodily tissues. santarpaṇam सन्तर्पणम् ITA-9.1.41 Depleting therapy A procedure of disease alleviation by depletion of bodily tissues. apatarpaṇam अपतर्पणम् ITA-9.1.42 Six types of treatment modalities A subdividing of therapeutic measures into six categories: br̥ ṁhaṇam, snehanam, stambhanam, laṁghanaṁ, svedanam and rūkṣaṇaṁ. ṣaḍvidhopakramāḥ षड्विधोपक्रमाः ITA-9.1.43 Bulk-enhancing One of the six types of treatment modalities: a procedure which is nutritive, nourishing, increases body weight, promotes growth or enhances bulk. bṛṁhaṇam/ bṛṁhaṇacikitsā बृंहणम्/बृंहणचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.44 Therapeutic oleation One of the six types of treatment modalities which involves administration of oils or fats both internally and externally. snehanam/snehanakarma स्नेहनम्/स्नेहनकर्म ITA-9.1.45 Astringent therapy One of the six types of treatment modalities: a procedure or medicine causing arrest of secretion or allowing control of bleeding. stambhanam/ stambhanakarma स्तम्भनम्/स्तम्भनकर्म ITA-9.1.46 Lightness promoting therapy One of the six types of treatment modalities: a procedure that induces lightness in the body. laṅghanam लङ्घनम् ITA-9.1.47 Therapeutic sustained hunger The process of keeping a person hungry as a therapeutic measure. kṣudhā क्षुधा ITA-9.1.48 Therapeutic sustained thirst The process of keeping a person thirsty as a therapeutic measure. tṛṣṇā तृष्णा ITA-9.1.49 Therapeutic exposure to wind The process of exposing a person to wind as a therapeutic measure. mārutaḥ मारुतः ITA-9.1.50 Therapeutic exposure to sunlight The process of exposing a person to sunlight as a therapeutic measure. ātapaḥ आतपः ITA-9.1.51 Therapeutic exercise The process of making the person take exercise as a therapeutic measure. vyāyāmaḥ व्यायामः ITA-9.1.52 Procedure to eliminate morbid dosha from body Also a synonym of cleansing therapy. doṣāvasecanam दोषावसेचनम् ITA-9.1.53 Fast-acting treatment A rapidly acting treatment such as therapeutic cautery. āśukāricikitsā आशुकारिचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.54 Uprooting the cause of the disease Removal of the dosha or other harmful substances. apakarṣaṇam अपकर्षणम् ITA-9.1.55 Creating conditions hostile to cause Setting up conditions that are against the originating cause of disease. prakṛtivighātaḥ प्रकृतिविघातः ITA-9.1.56 Avoidance of etiological factors A prerequisite for the cure and prevention of recurrent disease. nidānaparivarjanam निदानपरिवर्जनम् ITA-9.1.57 Treatment antagonistic One of the threefold classifications of treatment antagonistic to to cause the cause. hetuviparītacikitsā हेतुविपरीतचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.58 Treatment antagonistic to disease One of the threefold classifications of treatment antagonistic to the disease. vyādhiviparītacikitsā व्याधिविपरीतचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.59 Treatment antagonistic to cause and disease One of the threefold classifications of treatment antagonist to both the cause and disease. ubhayārthakāricikitsā उभयार्थकारिचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.60 Treatment using material substances Treatment with substances having physical form such as herbs or minerals. dravyabhūtacikitsā द्रव्यभूतचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.61 Treatment not using material substances Treatment without substances having physical form such as fasting and incantations. adravyabhūtacikitsā अद्रव्यभूतचिकित्सा ITA-9.1.62 Dosha-specific therapeutic measure A therapeutic measure or set of therapies with characteristics or properties which are antagonistic to specific dosha. doṣopakramaḥ दोषोपक्रमः ITA-9.1.63 Waiting period for appropriate treatment time Understanding the stage of the disease condition and waiting for the appropriate time to initiate treatment, e.g. incision of an abscess only after it begins to suppurate. kālapratīkṣā कालप्रतीक्षा ITA-9.1.64 Reviving consciousness Measures to revive a person from unconsciousness. samjñāprabodhanam संज्ञाप्रबोधनम् ITA-9.2.1 Cleansing therapy Treatment modality based on the principle of removing vitiated doṣa. saṁśodhanakarma, śodhanakarma, śodhana cikitsa संशोधनकर्म, शोधनकर्म, शोधन चिकित्सा ITA-9.2.2 Panchakarma Five internal cleansing therapies, comprising emesis, purgation, decoction enema, unctuous enema and errhine therapy. pañcakarma पञ्चकर्म ITA-9.2.3 Patient fit for cleansing threrapy Patient who has no contraindications and is fit to undergo cleansing therapy. saṁśodhanārhaḥ संशोधनार्हः ITA-9.2.4 Preparatory procedures Preparatory procedure carried out before proper administration of any major procedure such as panchakarma or surgery. pūrvakarma पूर्वकर्म ITA-9.2.5 Internal oleation The therapeutic administration of the appropriate dose of processed ghee, oil or any other unctuous substance internally to achieve oleation. ābhyantarasnehaḥ, snehapāna आभ्यन्तरस्नेहः, स्नेहपान ITA-9.2.6 Instant oleation An unctuous substance administered internally which induces rapid oleation. sadyasnehaḥ सद्यस्नेहः ITA-9.2.7 Intake of processed ghee or oily substance alone The discrete intake of processed ghee or oily substance (without it being mixed with any other substance). acchasnehaḥ अच्छस्नेहः ITA-9.2.8 Intake of ghee or oily substance in combination with other material(s) A method of inducing oleation by administering various unctuous substances along with food or medicines. pravicāraṇāsnehaḥ/ vicāraṇāsnehaḥ प्रविचारणास्नेहः/ विचारणास्नेहः ITA-9.2.9 External cleansing therapies Therapeutic procedures involving the external application of medicines. bahiḥparimārjanam बहिःपरिमार्जनम् ITA-9.2.10 Oleation snehakarma, snehana स्नेहकर्म, स्नेहन ITA-9.2.11 External oleation External oleation of the body. bāhyasnehaḥ बाह्यस्नेहः ITA-9.2.12 Application of oil to body Procedure to induce oleation carried out by external application of an unctuous substance for therapeutic purposes and healthy well-being. abhyaṅgaḥ अभ्यङ्गः ITA-9.2.13 Application of oily substance to head External application of oil to the head. mūrdhatailam/ śirastailam मूर्धतैलम्/शिरस्तैलम् ITA-9.2.14 Therapeutic streaming of medicated fluids to head A type of external application of oil to the head in which oil is poured in a fine stream over the forehead in a meticulous manner, either observing pendulous movements or at a constant point. śiraḥsekaḥ शिरःसेकः ITA-9.2.15 Therapeutic procedure A type of external application of oil to the head in which a pad of placing an oil-soaked of oil-soaked cloth or cotton is kept on the scalp for a defined tampon on head period. śiraḥpicuḥ शिरःपिचुः ITA-9.2.16 Therapeutic retention of oil over head for specific duration A procedure involving medicated oil being retained over the head region for a specific duration. śirobastiḥ शिरोबस्तिः ITA-9.2.17 Application of oil to head A type of external application of oil to the head. śirobhyaṅgaḥ शिरोऽभ्यङ्गः ITA-9.2.18 Controlled pouring of liquids over body A procedure in which oil or any medicated liquid is poured in a stream all over the body. kāyasekaḥ कायसेकः ITA-9.2.19 Controlled pouring of oil over body A procedure in which oil is made to poured in a stream (dhara) all over the body. tailadhārā तैलधारा ITA-9.2.20 Controlled pouring of buttermilk over body A procedure in which buttermilk is poured in a stream all over the body. takradhārā तक्रधारा ITA-9.2.21 Controlled pouring of medicated decoction over body A procedure in which a therapeutic medicated decoction is poured in a stream all over the body. kaṣāyadhārā कषायधारा ITA-9.2.22 Therapeutic retention of oil over cervical region A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the cervical region (neck) for a specific duration. manyābastiḥ मन्याबस्तिः ITA-9.2.23 Therapeutic retention of oil over cardiac region A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the cardiac region for a specific duration. hṛdbastiḥ हृद्बस्तिः ITA-9.2.24 Therapeutic retention of oil over thoracolumbar region A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the thoracolumbar region for a specific duration. pṛṣṭhabastiḥ पृष्ठबस्तिः ITA-9.2.25 Therapeutic retention of oil over lumbosacral region A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the lumbosacral region for a specific duration. kaṭibastiḥ कटिबस्तिः ITA-9.2.26 Therapeutic retention of oil over knee region A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the knee region for a specific duration. jānubastiḥ जानुबस्तिः ITA-9.2.27 Gentle massage A massage procedure involving light pressure. saṁvāhanam संवाहनम् ITA-9.2.28 Massage with pressure A massage procedure involving a therapeutic pressurised massage. mardanam मर्दनम् ITA-9.2.29 Massage with medicated herbal powder A therapeutic massage procedure using powders. udvartanam उद्वर्तनम् ITA-9.2.30 Therapeutic powderoil massage A procedure characterized by rubbing a mixture prepared from coarse powder and oil (or other unctuous liquid substances). utsādanam उत्सादनम् ITA-9.2.31 Manual massage in specified direction with coarse powder A massage procedure involving application of a coarse medicinal powder against the direction of body hair. udgharṣaṇam उद्घर्षणम् ITA-9.2.32 Manual massage in ascending direction A therapeutic massage of the body parts with gentle strokes applied in the ascending direction with the masseur’s palms. unmardanam उन्मर्दनम् ITA-9.2.33 Therapeutic pedal massage A therapeutic massage in which the feet are used to apply body weight as pressure. pādāghātaḥ पादाघातः ITA-9.2.34 Medicated paste or oil applied over vertex An application of warm oil mixed with powder and made into a paste (or only warm oil) placed over the vertex. talaṁ तलम् ITA-9.2.35 Application of paste prepared with shastika rice An application of medicated paste prepared with rice cooked in milk. annalepana अन्नलेपन ITA-9.2.36 Fomentation svedana स्वेदन ITA-9.2.37 Sweating induced by warm liquid The procedure of achieving sudation by applying a warm liquid. dravasvedaḥ द्रवस्वेदः ITA-9.2.38 Pouring of sour fermented and husked grain gruel A technique in which a fermented sour liquid prepared from a gruel of husked grains (dhānyāmla) is poured in a stream all over the body to achieve fomentation. dhānyāmladhārā धान्याम्लधारा ITA-9.2.39 Sweating induced by direct or indirect contact with fire A sudation therapy which induces diaphoresis by means of direct heat or indirect heat from a fire. agnisvedaḥ अग्निस्वेदः ITA-9.2.40 Sweating induced by medicated bolus A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by external application of prewarmed medicine in bolus form, with or without a covering cloth. saṅkarasvedaḥ सङ्करस्वेदः ITA-9.2.41 Sweating induced by lying on bed A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by the person lying down on a bed to which a prewarmed medicine has been applied. prastarasvedaḥ प्रस्तरस्वेदः ITA-9.2.42 Sweating induced by steam directed from hose A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis of specific parts of the body is achieved by focused application of steam by means of tube. nāḍīsvedaḥ नाडीस्वेदः ITA-9.2.43 Sweating induced by streaming a prewarmed liquid A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sprinkling or streaming a prewarmed liquid over a person. pariṣekasvedaḥ परिषेकस्वेदः ITA-9.2.44 Sweating induced by immersion in prewarmed liquid Sudation achieved by immersion: sitting in a prewarmed liquid such as a medicated oil or decoction. avagāhasvedaḥ अवगाहस्वेदः ITA-9.2.45 Sweating induced in a specially designed room A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sitting in a specially designed chamber with internal heating for a prescribed period. jentākasvedaḥ जेन्ताकस्वेदः ITA-9.2.46 Sweating induced on prewarmed stone bed A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on a prewarmed stone bed. aśmaghanasvedaḥ अश्मघनस्वेदः ITA-9.2.47 Sweating induced in a pit filled with embers A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a pit filled with the embers of prescribed substances. karṣūsvedaḥ कर्षूस्वेदः ITA-9.2.48 Sweating induced by sitting in a heated hut or cottage A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sitting in a specially designed cottage with a heat source outside the cottage. kuṭīsvedaḥ कुटीस्वेदः ITA-9.2.49 Sweating induced by lying on warmed earth surface Sudation achieved by a person lying on the warmed earth surface in a controlled environment protected from breezes. bhūsvedaḥ भूस्वेदः ITA-9.2.50 Sweating induced over a buried pot filled with decoctions A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a buried pot filled with a hot decoction or liquid. kumbhīsvedaḥ कुम्भीस्वेदः ITA-9.2.51 Sweating induced over a well A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a shallow well containing the embers of various substances. kūpasvedaḥ कू पस्वेदः ITA-9.2.52 Sweating induced by burning substances in a pot A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a specially designed pot which generates heat by burning dry substances such as cow dung. holākasvedaḥ होलाकस्वेदः ITA-9.2.53 Sweating induced by application of a poultice Sudation achieved with the application of a poultice prepared with medicated substances. piṇḍasvedaḥ पिण्डस्वेदः ITA-9.2.54 Sweating induced by application of a medicated herbal paste or powder Sudation achieved with the application of a prewarmed paste. sāgni-upanāhasvedaḥ साग्नि-उपनाहस्वेदः ITA-9.2.55 Sweating induced by contact with heat or heated substances The procedure of achieving sudation by applying a warm substance to the body surface. tāpasvedaḥ तापस्वेदः ITA-9.2.56 Milk vapour fomentation Steam from milk used for fomentation. kṣīradhūma क्षीरधूम ITA-9.2.57 Sweating induced without application of fire Sudation procedures which do not rely on the direct or indirect application of fire. niragnisvedaḥ निरग्निस्वेदः ITA-9.2.58 Sweating induced by exercise A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by doing exercise. vyāyāmaḥ व्यायामः ITA-9.2.59 Sweating induced by sitting in a warm room A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sitting in a warm room. uṣṇasadanam उष्णसदनम् ITA-9.2.60 Sweating induced by wearing heavy clothes A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by putting on thick clothes. guruprāvaraṇam गुरुप्रावरणम् ITA-9.2.61 Sweating induced by hunger A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by not attending to hunger pangs. kṣudhā क्षुधा ITA-9.2.62 Sweating induced by drinking large amounts of alcohol A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by excessive intake of alcoholic beverages. bahupānam बहुपानम् ITA-9.2.63 Sweating induced by fear A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by frightening the person. bhayaḥ भयः ITA-9.2.64 Sweating induced by provoking anger A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by angering the person. krodhaḥ क्रोधः ITA-9.2.65 Sweating induced by applying a medicated herbal poultice A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by application of a paste which prevents body heat from escaping. niragni-upanāhasvedaḥ निरग्नि-उपनाहस्वेदः ITA-9.2.66 Sweating induced by engaging in combat A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by fighting or wrestling. āhavaḥ/yudhdaḥ आहवः/युध्दः ITA-9.2.67 Sweating induced by exposure to sun A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by exposure to the hot sun. ātapaḥ आतपः ITA-9.2.68 Main therapeutic procedure The main therapeutic procedures usually adopted in the context of panchakarma and surgery. pradhāna-karma प्रधान-कर्म ITA-9.2.69 Therapeutic emesis A therapeutic process for the controlled induction of emesis along with a series of pre- and post-intervention measures. vamanakarma/ pracchardanam वमनकर्म/प्रच्छर्दनम् ITA-9.2.70 Therapeutic purgation A therapeutic process for the controlled induction of purgation along with a series of pre- and postintervention measures. virecanakarma विरे चनकर्म ITA-9.2.71 Therapeutic enema The therapeutic application of medicated liquids via the rectal, urethral or vaginal routes. bastikarma बस्तिकर्म ITA-9.2.72 Half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enema A form of medicated ghee or oily enema, the dose of which is half that of therapeutic ghee or oily enema. anuvāsanabastiḥ अनुवासनबस्तिः ITA-9.2.73 Therapeutic ghee or oily enema A medicated unctous enema, the amount of which is usually a quarter that of a decoction enema. snehabastiḥ स्नेहबस्तिः ITA-9.2.74 Low-dose ghee or oily enema A medicated enema given in a dose which will not cause complications even if retained or the posttherapy regimen is not followed. mātrābastiḥ मात्राबस्तिः ITA-9.2.75 Therapeutic decoction enema The therapeutic procedure of administering a medication predominantly by means of a decoction enema. āsthāpanabastiḥ/ nirūhabastiḥ आस्थापनबस्तिः/ निरूहबस्तिः ITA-9.2.76 Palliative enema A type of therapeutic enema which is used to maintain health and prolong life. yāpanabastiḥ यापनबस्तिः ITA-9.2.77 Enema practicable even while travelling A type of enema which can be administered with minimal restrictions on travel and physical activity. yuktarathabastiḥ युक्तरथबस्तिः ITA-9.2.78 Enema prepared from honey and oil A medicated enema mainly constituted of honey and oil. mādhutailikabastiḥ माधुतैलिकबस्तिः ITA-9.2.79 Enema for obstinate diseases A type of enema formulated with the specified ingredients for a specific purpose. vaitaraṇabastiḥ वैतरणबस्तिः ITA-9.2.80 Slimy enema A type of specialized enema to control bleeding from the anus. picchā/picchila-bastiḥ पिच्छा/पिच्छिल-बस्तिः ITA-9.2.81 Enema for strength, complexion and growth A type of specially medicated enema which can cure certain diseases and boost longevity. siddhabastiḥ सिद्धबस्तिः ITA-9.2.82 Course of thirty combined therapeutic enemas A type of therapeutic enema based on a course of thirty enemas which includes eighteen half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enemas and twelve therapeutic decoction enemas, , administered in a particular sequence. karmabastiḥ कर्मबस्तिः ITA-9.2.83 Course of sixteen therapeutic enemas A type of therapeutic enema based on a course of sixteen enemas which includes ten half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enemas and six therapeutic decoction enemas, administered in a particular sequence. kālabastiḥ कालबस्तिः ITA-9.2.84 Course of eight combined therapeutic enemas A type of therapeutic enema based on a course of eight enemas which includes five half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enemas and three therapeutic decoction enemas, administered in a particular sequence. yogabastiḥ योगबस्तिः ITA-9.2.85 Administration of therapeutic fluid via vaginal or urethral route A procedure in which medicated oil, ghee or a decoction is administered via the vaginal or urethral route. uttarabastiḥ उत्तरबस्तिः ITA-9.2.86 Intranasal administration A procedure in which medicine either in liquid or powder form is administered through the nose. nasyam/ nastam नस्यम्/नस्तम् ITA-9.2.87 Medication of unctuous substance through nose A type of nasya in which drops of medicated unctuous substance are used to medicate the nose. nāvanam नावनम् ITA-9.2.88 Type of intranasal administration used for shodhanakarma A type of cleansing therapy that uses the nasal route. śirovirecanam शिरोविरे चनम् ITA-9.2.89 High-dose intranasal medication A nasal cleansing therapy in which mainly oil-based medicines are instilled. marśaḥ मर्शः ITA-9.2.90 Low-dose routine intranasal medication A nasal cleansing therapy in which mainly oil-based medicines are instilled; it is suitable for individuals of all age groups. pratimarśaḥ प्रतिमर्शः ITA-9.2.91 Intranasal therapy with expressed juice from paste Therapeutic intranasal instillation of the freshly expressed juice of herbal drugs. avapīḍanam अवपीडनम् ITA-9.2.92 Intranasal therapy with medicated powder Administration of medicated powders via the intranasal route. pradhamanam/ dhmāpanam प्रधमनम्/ध्मापनम् ITA-9.2.93 Intranasal therapy with medicated smoke Administration of medicated smoke via the intranasal route. dhūmanasyam धूमनस्यम् ITA-9.2.94 Cleansing type of intranasal therapy A type of nasya therapy which eliminates morbid factors from the head region. recananasyam रे चननस्यम् ITA-9.2.95 Nourishing intranasal therapy A type of nasya therapy with the primary aim of nourishment. bṛmhaṇanasyam बृंहणनस्यम् ITA-9.2.96 Intranasal therapy with pacifying effect A type of nasya therapy which helps in treatment by pacifying morbid doṣa. śamananasyam शमननस्यम् ITA-9.2.97 Vaginal douche The procedure of vaginal douching with medicated liquids. yoni dhāvana/ yoni prakṣālana योनिधावन/ योनिप्रक्षालन ITA-9.2.98 Vaginal tampon A sterile tampon soaked with medicated liquids which is inserted in the vaginal canal. yoni picu योनिपिचु ITA-9.2.99 Vaginal irrigation The procedure of introducing medicated substances into the vaginal canal. yoni pūraṇa योनिपूरण ITA-9.2.100 Vaginal fumigation The procedure of fumigating the external genitalia or vaginal canal with fumes produced by medicinal substances. yoni dhūpana योनिधूपन ITA-9.2.101 Vaginal suppository or wick The procedure of inserting a medicated suppository or wick prepared with herbal or mineral medicationsinto the vagina. yoni vartī योनिवर्ति ITA-9.2.102 Application of medicated paste to vagina Application of a medicated paste to the vaginal walls. yoni lepana योनिलेपन ITA-9.2.103 Retention of medicated pastes in vagina Application and retention of a medicated paste or poultice in the vaginal canal. yoni kalkadhāraṇa योनिकल्कधारण ITA-9.2.104 Intrauterine instillation of medicated liquids The procedure of controlled, slow instillation of medicated liquids into the uterine cavity. uttarabasti उत्तरबस्ति ITA-9.2.105 Cleansing Internal and external purifications. śuddhiḥ शुद्धिः ITA-9.2.106 Optimal cleansing Achievement of an adequate degree of dosha evacuation during cleansing therapy. uttamaśuddhiḥ उत्तमशुद्धिः ITA-9.2.107 Moderate cleansing Achievement of a moderate degree of dosha evacuation during cleansing therapy.. madhyamaśuddhiḥ मध्यमशुद्धिः ITA-9.2.108 Insufficient cleansing Achievement of a lesser or mild degree of dosha evacuation during cleansing therapy. avara/hīnaśuddhiḥ अवर/हीनशुद्धिः ITA-9.2.109 Posttherapy procedures The variety of procedures which are advised after a major therapeutic procedure in order to return a person to normalcy. paścāt-karma पश्चात्-कर्म ITA-9.2.110 Posttherapy dietary regimen for revival of digestion The dietary regimen for restoration of agni after cleansing therapy . saṁsarjana-kramaḥ संसर्जनक्रमः ITA-9.2.111 Period of restrictions following major therapies The defined recovery period after major therapy during which certain regimens are to be followed. parihārakālaḥ परिहारकालः ITA-9.3.1 Counselling and selfempowerment Psychotherapy and counselling treatment by means of which the mind is supported to restrain itself from wrong preoccupations; treatment by which the mind and mental health are supported through talking therapy. satvāvajayacikitsā सत्वावजयचिकित्सा ITA-9.3.2 Restraining the mind from unwholesome desires The key method of satvavajaya-cikitsā is to restrain the mind from unwholesome desires and unnecessary engagement with sensory objects. ahitebhyoarthebhyomanonigraha अहितेभ्योऽर्थेभ्योमनोनिग्रह ITA-9.4.1 Paediatrics One of the eight branches of Ayurveda deals with the health of the child and the mother; covers pre-, peri- and postnatal care and general pediatric conditions. kumāratantram/ kaumārabhṛtyam/ bālatantram/ bālacikitsā कुमारतन्त्रम्/कौमारभृत्यम्/ बालतन्त्रम्/ बालचिकित्सा ITA-9.4.2 Nursery A specially constructed abode for the child in accord to its seasonal needs, equipped with well-defined divisions between the water source, urinal, lavatory, bathroom and kitchen. kumārāgāram कुमारागारम् ITA-9.4.3 Wet nurse, nursing mother The baby’s biological mother or wet nurse who is able to provide the child with breast milk. dhātrī धात्री ITA-9.4.4 Child The child between one and 16 years of age. bālaḥ बालः ITA-9.4.5 Baby An infant up to the age of one year. śiśu शिशुः ITA-9.4.6 Child on breast milk alone An infant depending only on breast milk for its nourishment. kṣīrāda/ dugdhāśī क्षीरादः/दुग्धाशी ITA-9.4.7 Child on both breast milk and solid food A child consuming both milk and solid food for its nourishment. kṣīrānnādaḥ/ dugdhānnāśī क्षीरान्नादः/दुग्धान्नाशी ITA-9.4.8 Child consuming solid food A child depending predominantly on solid food for its nourishment. annādaḥ/ annāśī अन्नादः/अन्नाशी ITA-9.4.9 Newborn The neonate soon after birth. sadyojāta/ jātamātraḥ सद्योजातः/जातमात्रः ITA-9.4.10 Neonate The infant up to 28 days after birth. navajāta नवजातः ITA-9.4.11 Care of the newborn baby Various procedures undertaken in neonatal care soon after birth. sadyojātaśiśuparicaryā सद्योजातशिशुपरिचर्या ITA-9.4.12 Neonatal resuscitation Stepwise measures to resuscitate the baby immediately after birth. prāṇapratyāgamanam प्राणप्रत्यागमनम् ITA-9.4.13 Clearing of lips, buccal cavity and throat Cleaning and unblocking of the oral cavity and throat in neonatal resuscitation and general care. oṣṭhakaṇṭhajihvāpramārjanam ओष्ठकण्ठजिह्वाप्रमार्जनम् ITA-9.4.14 Striking stones close to the ear A step in neonatal resuscitation in which a sound stimulus is produced by striking two stones together close to the baby’s ear. aśmanoḥsaṃghaṭṭanaṃk arṇayormūle अश्मनोःसंघटट्नंकर्णयोर्मूले ITA-9.4.15 Sprinkling water over the face A step in neonatal resuscitation in which tactile stimulation is provided by sprinkling lukewarm or cold water (depending on the season) on the baby’s face. śītodaka/ uṣṇodakamukhapariṣekaḥ शीतोदक/ उष्णोदकमुखपरिषेकः ITA-9.4.16 Stomach wash A procedure for inducing mild emesis in the newbornin order to expel collected amniotic fluid from the throat and stomach. garbhodakavamana गर्भोदकवमन ITA-9.4.17 Application of tampon to the head A procedure in which a tampon is soaked in oil or other substances and applied to the baby’s head. śiropicuh शिरोपिचुः ITA-9.4.18 Cleaning the mouth A step in neonatal resuscitation and general care in which the oral cavity is thoroughly cleaned. mukha-viśodhana मुख-विशोधन ITA-9.4.19 Cutting the umbilical cord A standardized technique for cutting the umbilical cord and caring for the umbilical stump. nābhikalpanavidhih नाभिकल्पनविधिः ITA-9.4.20 Care of newborn The various procedures undertaken in the care of a newborn baby. jātakarma जातकर्म ITA-9.4.21 Protective measures for the newborn The different measures adopted to ensure the protection of the newborn from infections and injuries. rakṣākarma रक्षाकर्म ITA-9.4.22 Detachmentof umbilical cord The time at which the dried umbilical cord stump falls off after the fifth day following birth. nābhinālapatanam नाभिनालपतनम् ITA-9.4.23 Placing a water pot (near head) A ceremony in the care of a newborn baby in which a pot filled with water is kept near the baby’s head. udakakumbhasthāpana उदककुम्भस्थापन ITA-9.4.24 Medical sociospiritual rituals, ceremonies The rituals and ceremonies performed at various junctures in a lifetime which indicate major milestones or rites of passage. saṁskāraḥ संस्कारः ITA-9.4.25 Postnatal ritual A ritual performed soon after birth for the purpose of promoting intellect, longevity and strength in the baby. jātakarmasaṁskāraḥ जातकर्मसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.26 Naming ceremony A naming ceremony usually performed on or after the 10th day following birth. nāmakaraṇasaṁskāraḥ नामकरणसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.27 Cradling ceremony A ceremony in which the child is placed in a cradle for the first time; usually done on the 12th or 13th day following birth. dolāśayanasaṁskāraḥ दोलाशयनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.28 Exposure of a baby to the sun and moon A ceremony in which the infant is exposed to the sun and moon for the first time within a month of birth. sūryacandradarśanasaṁskāraḥ सूर्यचन्द्रदर्शनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.29 Exposure of a baby to external environment A ceremony performed in the fourth month in which the child is taken outdoors and exposed to the external environment for the first time. niṣkrāmaṇasaṁskāraḥ निष्क्रामणसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.30 Sitting ceremony for child A ceremony usually performed in the fifth or sixth month in which the baby sits for the first time upaveśanasaṁskāraḥ उपवेशनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.31 Fruit-feeding ceremony A ceremony at which fruit-feeding is initiated in the sixth month before graduating to feeding on cooked food (annaprāśana). phalaprāśanasaṁskāraḥ फलप्राशनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.32 Ear-piercing ceremony A ceremony performed during the period of infancy (6 to 8 months) in which the earlobes are pierced. karṇavedhanasaṁskāraḥ कर्णवेधनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.33 Weaning ceremony A ceremony performed during the period of infancy (6 to 10 months) in which the first intake of semi-solid or solid food is initiated. annaprāśanasaṁskāraḥ अन्नप्राशनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.34 Tonsuring ceremony A ceremony in which the scalp hairs are totally shaved off for the first time after the child is one year old and before reaching three years of age. cūḍākaraṇasaṁskāraḥ चूडाकरणसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.35 Writing ceremony A ceremony in which the child inscribes the various syllables signifying the initiation of writing skills at five years of age. akṣaralekhanasaṁskāraḥ अक्षरलेखनसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.36 Marriage ceremony A ceremony marking the beginning of married life. vivāhasaMskāra विवाहसंस्कारः ITA-9.4.37 Dentition One of the important milestones of childhood when the primary teeth erupt, thus indicating the time for weaning. dantajanma दन्तजन्म ITA-9.4.38 Four types of dentition Four different types of tooth eruption. caturvidhadantajanma चतुर्विधदन्तजन्म ITA-9.4.39 A kind of abnormal dentition An abnormal type of dentition which is prone to early loss. sāmudgadantaḥ सामुद्गदन्तः ITA-9.4.40 A kind of abnormal dentition An abnormal type of dentition which is prone to early decay. saṃvṛtadantaḥ संवृतदन्तः ITA-9.4.41 A kind of abnormal dentition An abnormal type of dentition presenting as an outward protrusion of teeth with malocclusion and incomplete closure of lips. vivṛtadantaḥ विवृतदन्तः ITA-9.4.42 Proper dentition Teeth showing all the characteristics of healthy dentition. dantasampat दन्तसम्पत् ITA-9.4.43 Paediatric drug dosage A term indicating the special drug dosage patterns for the paediatric age-group. bālabheṣajamātrā बालभेषजमात्रा ITA-9.4.44 Licking of electuaries A method for administering electuaries in children, both as a therapeutic and food supplement. lehanam लेहनम् ITA-9.4.45 Therapeutic administration of gold The administration of gold in specific form (with or without other medicines) together with honey and ghee to the child after birth to enhance intellect and immunity. suvarṇaprāśanam सुवर्णप्राशनम् ITA-9.4.46 Crying The preverbal child’s act of expression for nearly everything – hunger, discomfort, pain and boredom – as well as an expression of pain or sadness in older (verbal) children. rodanam/ krośanam रोदनम्/क्रोशनम् ITA-9.4.47 Weaning A method for the gradual withdrawal of breast feeding. stanyāpanayanam स्तन्यापनयनम् ITA-9.5.1 Branch of Āyurveda dealing with diseases of the head and neck region One of the eight branches of Āyurveda which deals with the diseases affecting the supraclavicular regions of the body, i.e. eye, ear, nose, throat and oral cavity, as well as their management; it includes dentistry, ophthalmology, orthodontics, otolaryngology and the treatment of various types of scalp- and head-related conditions such as headaches including migraine. śālākyatantram/ urdhvāṅgacikitsā/ jatrūrdhvacikitsā/ uttamāṅgacikitsā शालाक्यतन्त्रम्/ उर्ध्वाङ्गचिकित्सा/ जत्रूर्ध्वचिकित्सा/ उत्तमाङ्गचिकित्सा ITA-9.5.2 Specialist in diseases of the head and neck region A person who has expertise and practice in diagnosing and treating diseases of the head and neck or śalākāyantraṁ. śālākin/ śalākī शालाकिन्/शलाकी ITA-9.5.3 Ophthalmic probe A probe used for various procedures in diseases of the head and neck region . śalākā शलाका ITA-9.5.4 Probe with a barley seed-shaped tip An instrument with a barley seed-shaped tip. yavavakraśalākā यववक्रशलाका ITA-9.5.5 Ideal probe The ideal type of probe for management of diseases of the head and neck region. aninditaśalākā अनिन्दितशलाका ITA-9.5.6 Unsuitable probe An unsuitable probe for management of diseases of the head and neck region. ninditaśalākā निन्दितशलाका ITA-9.5.7 Management of eye diseases Management of diseases related to the eye. netrarogacikitsā नेत्ररोगचिकित्सा ITA-9.5.8 Eye disorders for excision Eye diseases in which the surgical procedure of excision is indicated. chedyarogaḥ छेद्यरोगः ITA-9.5.9 Eye disorders for curetting Eye diseases in which the surgical procedure of curetting or scraping is indicated. lekhyarogaḥ लेख्यरोगः ITA-9.5.10 Eye disorders for incision Eye diseases in which the surgical procedure of incision is indicated. bhedyarogaḥ भेद्यरोगः ITA-9.5.11 Eye disorders for bloodletting vedhyarogaḥ वेध्यरोगः ITA-9.5.12 Eye disorders in which surgery is contraindicated Eye diseases which can be managed without a surgical procedure. aśastrakṛt-rogaḥ अशस्त्रकृत्-रोगः ITA-9.5.13 Topical ocular procedures Therapeutic procedures in which topical procedures are applied to the eye. kriyākalpaḥ क्रियाकल्पः ITA-9.5.14 Therapeutic retention of melted medicated ghee over the eyes Type of therapeutic procedure which involves retention of the supernatent portion of melted ghee or medicated ghee over the open eyes at a given temperature and for a specific duration, after forming a concentric boundary around the orbit with black gram dough or other preparation. netratarpaṇam नेत्रतर्पणम् ITA-9.5.15 Retention of herbal extract from indirectly heated bolus over the eyes Type of therapeutic procedure undertaken to restore the strength of the eyes by pouring an excract (expressed from a warm bolus of herbs) into a temporary cavity built around the orbit at a given temperature and for a specific duration, after forming a concentric boundary around the orbit with black gram dough or other preparation. puṭapākaḥ पुटपाकः ITA-9.5.16 Retention of specially prepared heat extract bolus with unctuous effect A therapeutic procedure in which an herbal extract (expressed from a warm bolus of herbs) is retained over the eyes for a stipulated period for unctuous effect. snehanapuṭapākaḥ स्नेहनपुटपाकः ITA-9.5.17 Retention of heat extract bolus with healing effects A therapeutic procedure in which an herbal extract expressed from indirectly heated bolus is retained over the eyes for a stipulated period for healing effect. ropaṇapuṭapākaḥ रोपणपुटपाकः ITA-9.5.18 Retention of heat extract bolus with curetting effect A therapeutic procedure in which an herbal extract expressed from indirectly heated bolus is retained over the eyes for a stipulated period for curetting effect. lekhanapuṭapākaḥ लेखनपुटपाकः ITA-9.5.19 Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period. sekaḥ सेकः ITA-9.5.20 Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes for unctuous effect A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period for unctuous effect. snehanasekaḥ स्नेहनसेकः ITA-9.5.21 Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes for healing effects A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period for healing effect. ropaṇasekaḥ रोपणसेकः ITA-9.5.22 Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes for curetting effect A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period for curetting effect. lekhanasekaḥ लेखनसेकः ITA-9.5.23 Instillation of eye drops The instillation of liquid medications in the eye (conjunctival sac). āścyotanam आश्च्योतनम् ITA-9.5.24 Instillation of eye drops for unctuous effect The instillation of liquid medications in the eye for unctuous effect. snehana-āścyotanam स्नेहन-आश्च्योतनम् ITA-9.5.25 Instillation of eye drops for healing effect The instillation of liquid medications in the eye for healing effect. ropaṇa-āścyotanam रोपण-आश्च्योतनम् ITA-9.5.26 Instillation of eye drops for curetting effect The instillation of liquid medications in the eye for curetting effect. lekhana-āścyotanam लेखन-आश्च्योतनम् ITA-9.5.27 Collyrium The administration of medications (collyrium) into the lower conjunctival fornices, moving from the inner to outer canthus and vice versa, using an applicator. añjanam अञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.28 Collyrium with curetting effect A type of collyrium or añjanam with curetting effect. lekhanāñjanam लेखनाञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.29 Collyrium with healing effect A type of collyrium with healing effect. ropaṇāñjanam रोपणाञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.30 Collyrium with soothing effect A type of collyrium with soothing effect. prasādanāñjanam प्रसादनाञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.31 Collyrium in form of pill A type of collyrium made in the form of a pill but applied like a collyrium. guṭikāñjanam गुटिकाञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.32 Collyrium in form of semi-solid decoction A type of collyrium in the form of a semi-solidified decoction. rasāñjanam रसाञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.33 Collyrium in form of powder A type of collyrium in the form of a powder. cūrṇāñjanam चूर्णाञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.34 Therapeutic wick A therapeutic method for the eye using a wick made of medicinal paste. vartiḥ वर्तिः ITA-9.5.35 Concentrated decocted A therapeutic procedure in which the desired medication is paste used as eyemade into decoction which is then filtered and concentrated to shadow make a thick paste for use as an eyeshadow . rasakriyā kṣudrāñjanam रसक्रिया क्षुद्राञ्जनम् ITA-9.5.36 Collyrium to reduce complications of high potency collyrium pratyañjanam प्रत्यञ्जनम् A type of prasādañjana applied to reduce complications such as ocular irritation and the burning sensation which may develop following application of tikṣṇāñjana (high potency collyrium). ITA-9.5.37 Stibnite used as collyrium A type of collyrium containing antimony sulfide. srotoñjana स्रोतोऽञ्जन ITA-9.5.38 Eye poultice A therapeutic procedure in which mild sudation is achieved over the eye and orbital region by filling paste or medicines into small cloth packets and applying them over the closed eyelids. piṇḍī पिण्डी ITA-9.5.39 Lid ointment A therapeutic procedure in which a medicated paste is applied over the closed eyelids. biḍālaka: बिडालक: ITA-9.5.40 Management of diseases of the ear Treatment of diseases related to the ear. karṇarogacikitsā कर्णरोगचिकित्सा ITA-9.5.41 Massage for elongation of ear lobule A post-lobuloplasty procedure for strengthening and elongating the earlobe. karṇapālī-abhivardhanaabhyaṅgaḥ कर्णपाली-अभिवर्धनअभ्यङ्गः ITA-9.5.42 Fifteen shapes or methods of lobuloplasty Various methods for surgical correction of the earlobe. pañcadaśakarṇabandhākṛti पञ्चदशकर्णबन्धाकृति ITA-9.5.43 Lobuloplasty type 1 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are thick, wide and equal. nemisandhānakaḥ नेमिसन्धानकः ITA-9.5.44 Lobuloplasty type 2 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are circular, wide and equal. utpalabhedakaḥ उत्पलभेदकः ITA-9.5.45 Lobuloplasty type 3 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are circular, short and equal. vallūrakaḥ वल्लूरकः ITA-9.5.46 Lobuloplasty type 4 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the inner flap of the divided earlobe is long, and the outer flap is almost negligible. āsaṅgima आसङ्गिम: ITA-9.5.47 Lobuloplasty type 5 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the outer flap of the divided earlobe is long, and the inner flap is almost negligible. gaṇḍakarṇaḥ गण्डकर्णः ITA-9.5.48 Lobuloplasty type 6 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are absent and the whole lobule is reconstructed. āhārya आहार्य: ITA-9.5.49 Lobuloplasty type 7 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are absent upto the root and it is repaired with the tragus as the base. nirvedhima निर्वेधिम: ITA-9.5.50 Lobuloplasty type 8 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when one flap of the divided earlobe is thick and the other one thin or when one is regular and the other irregular. vyāyojimaḥ व्यायोजिमः ITA-9.5.51 Lobuloplasty type 9 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the inner division of the earlobe is long and the outer one short. kapāṭasandhika कपाटसन्धिक: ITA-9.5.52 Lobuloplasty type 10 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the outer division of the earlobe is long and the inner one short. ardhakapāṭasandhika अर्धकपाटसन्धिक: ITA-9.5.53 Lobuloplasty type 11 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the pinna is atrophied, and one flap of the divided ear lobule is absent and the other one very small. saṅkṣipta सङ्क्षिप्त: ITA-9.5.54 Lobuloplasty type 12 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the split earlobe are lacking a base and little musculature is present in or around the cheek. hīnakarṇaḥ हीनकर्णः ITA-9.5.55 Lobuloplasty type 13 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the flaps of the earlobe are thin, unequal and short. vallīkarṇaḥ वल्लीकर्णः ITA-9.5.56 Lobuloplasty type 14 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the split lobule have keloid tissue, are vascular and very small. yaṣṭikarṇaḥ यष्टिकर्णः ITA-9.5.57 Lobuloplasty type 15 A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the flaps of the split ear are lacking musculature, have split ends and insignificant blood supply. kākauṣṭhaka काकौष्ठक: ITA-9.5.58 Retention of medications in ear canal The procedure of instilling lukewarm oils or herbal juices into the ear and retaining them for a specific time. karṇapūraṇam कर्णपूरणम् ITA-9.5.59 Sudation therapy of ear The procedure of achieve sudation therapy of the ear by nāḍīsveda (applying a jet of steam through a tube) and piṇḍāsveda (applying a poultice). Karṇasvedanam कर्णस्वेदनम् ITA-9.5.60 Medicated fumigation of ear The procedure of fumigation therapy in ear diseases. karṇadhūpanam कर्णधूपनम् ITA-9.5.61 Ear canal wash The procedure of cleaning the ear canal using a medicated liquid. karṇaprakṣālanam कर्णप्रक्षालनम् ITA-9.5.62 Ear canal cleaning The procedure of cleaning the ear canal. karṇapramārjanam कर्णप्रमार्जनम् ITA-9.5.63 Management of diseases of nose Treatment of diseases related to the nose and paranasal regions. nāsārogacikitsā नासारोगचिकित्सा ITA-9.5.64 Rhinoplasty The surgical procedure of reconstructing an injured or cut nose. nāsāsandhānavidhiḥ नासासन्धानविधिः ITA-9.5.65 Management of diseases of head The treatment of diseases related to the head. śirorogacikitsā शिरोरोगचिकित्सा ITA-9.5.66 Management of diseases of oral cavity proper The treatment of diseases related to the mouth or oral cavity. mukharogacikitsā मुखरोगचिकित्सा ITA-9.5.67 Cleft lip repair The surgical correction of cleft lip. oṣṭhasandhānavidhiḥ ओष्ठसन्धानविधिः ITA-9.5.68 Medicated smoking The inhalation of medicated smoke through the nose, exhaling through the mouth. dhūmapānam धूमपानम् ITA-9.5.69 Palliative medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking aimed at pacifying morbid dosha. śamanadhūmapānam शमनधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.70 Moderate medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking with drugs of moderate strength. madhyamadhūmapānam मध्यमधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.71 Prophylactic medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking that can routinely be practised by healthy persons. prāyogikadhūmapānam प्रायोगिकधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.72 Nourishing medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking with nourishing effect. bṛṃhaṇadhūmapānam बृंहणधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.73 Unctuous medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking with unctuous effect. snaihikadhūmapānam स्नैहिकधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.74 Mild medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking with drugs of mild strength. mṛdudhūmapānam मृदध ु ूमपानम् ITA-9.5.75 Medicated smoking with expulsive effect The procedure of medicated smoking to remove morbid dosha through the nasal cavity. virecanadhūmapānam/ vairecanikadhūmapānam विरे चनधूमपानम्/ वैरेचनिकधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.76 Medicated smoking with cleansing effect The procedure of medicated smoking to remove morbid dosha through the nasal and/or oral cavity. śodhanadhūmapānam शोधनधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.77 High-potency medicated smoking The procedure of medicated smoking with high-strength drugs. tīkṣṇadhūmapānam तीक्ष्णधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.78 Medicated smoking with antitussive activity The procedure of medicated smoking to relieve cough. kāsaghnadhūmapānam कासघ्नधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.79 Medicated smoking with emetic effect The procedure of medicated smoking to remove morbid dosha through the oral cavity. vāmakadhūmapānam वामकधूमपानम् ITA-9.5.80 Fumigation of ulcers and wounds The therapeutic procedure of fumigating wounds or ulcers. vraṇadhūpanam व्रणधूपनम् ITA-9.5.81 Retention of medications in oral cavity Full mouth retention of liquid medications for a specific time. gaṇḍūṣaḥ गण्डू षः ITA-9.5.82 Retention of unctuous medications in oral cavity Full mouth retention of liquid medications with unctuous properties for a specific time. snigdhagaṇḍūṣaḥ स्निग्धगण्डू षः ITA-9.5.83 Retention of palliative medications in the oral cavity Full mouth retention of liquid medications with the property of pacifying morbid dosha for a specific time. śamanagaṇḍūṣaḥ शमनगण्डू षः ITA-9.5.84 Retention of medications with cleansing property in the oral cavity Full mouth retention of liquid medications with the property of removing morbid dosha for a specific time. śodhanagaṇḍūṣaḥ शोधनगण्डू षः ITA-9.5.85 Retention of medications with healing property in the oral cavity Full mouth retention of liquid medications with ulcer-healing properties for a specific time. ropaṇagaṇḍūṣaḥ रोपणगण्डू षः ITA-9.5.86 Mouth gargle A therapeutic procedure in which medicated decoctions, oils or other suitable liquids are retained under constant movement in the oral cavity for a specific time. kavalaḥ कवलः ITA-9.5.87 Mouth gargle with unctuous medications A type of gargle with unctuous properties. snaihikakavalaḥ स्नैहिककवलः ITA-9.5.88 Palliative mouth gargle A type of gargle with the property of pacifying morbid dosha. śamanakavalaḥ/ prasādanakavalaḥ शमनकवलः/प्रसादनकवलः ITA-9.5.89 Mouth gargle with cleansing property A type of gargle with the property of removing morbid dosha. śodhanakavalaḥ शोधनकवलः ITA-9.5.90 Mouth gargle with healing property A type of gargle with healing properties. ropaṇakavalaḥ रोपणकवलः ITA-9.5.91 Gentle application of The procedure of applying a medicated paste or powder to the medications over oral oral cavity. and periodontal regions pratisāraṇam प्रतिसारणम् ITA-9.6.1 Surgery One of the eight clinical branches of Āyurveda which deals with surgery. śalyatantram शल्यतन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.2 Qualities of ideal surgeon The qualities or attributes required by the ideal surgeon. śastrakarmayogyavaidyalakṣaṇa शस्त्रकर्मयोग्यवैद्यलक्षण: ITA-9.6.3 Checklist for preoperative preparation The list of objects to be kept ready or at hand before any operative procedure. agropaharaṇīyaḥ अग्रोपहरणीयः ITA-9.6.4 Simulated training in surgical procedures Development of technical skills in surgery by performing the technique on various objects. It is a part of surgical training. yogyā योग्या ITA-9.6.5 Formal entry into medical profession Formal entry into the medical profession after completion of education and training. viśikhānupraveśaḥ विशिखानुप्रवेशः ITA-9.6.6 Blunt surgical instruments, devices The variety of blunt instruments and tools used in surgery. yantram यन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.7 Six types of blunt instruments The sixfold classification of blunt surgical instruments. ṣaṭ-yantraprakāraḥ षट् -यन्त्रप्रकारः ITA-9.6.8 Cruciform instruments Cruciform instruments used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as removal of an impacted foreign body in bone. svastikayantram स्वस्तिकयन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.9 Forceps Forceps with or without catchlocks used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as extraction of foreign bodies from the skin, muscles, veins and nerves. sandaṃśayantram सन्दंशयन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.10 Spatula, spoonshaped instruments Scoop-like instruments used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as removal of foreign bodies from the ears, nostrils, and other passages. tālayantram तालयन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.11 Tubular, scopic instruments Tubular or scopic instrument with an opening at one end or both ends used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. nāḍīyantram नाडीयन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.12 Blunt, probe-like instruments Instruments used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as probing, mobilization, extraction and the application of medications. śalākāyantram शलाकायन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.13 Accessory surgical instruments Instruments and objects used as accessories or adjuncts for prescribed surgical instruments. upayantram उपयन्त्रम् ITA-9.6.14 Twenty-four functions of surgical instruments A list of the various actions that can be performed using different blunt instruments. caturviṃśatiyantrakarma चतुर्विंशतियन्त्रकर्म ITA-9.6.15 Manual loosening of impacted foreign body The manual processes for loosening and/or removing an impacted foreign body. nirghātanakarma निर्घातनकर्म ITA-9.6.16 Filling of cavity with medications A therapeutic measure which entails filling a cavity with medications. pūraṇakarma पूरणकर्म ITA-9.6.17 Bandaging A method to immobilize injured body parts and cover wounded regions. bandhanakarma बन्धनकर्म ITA-9.6.18 Dislodging of foreign body The removal of a foreign body by retracting or elevating with a probe prior to removal. vyūhanakarma व्यूहनकर्म ITA-9.6.19 Approximation of wound edges A therapeutic measure in which wound edges are approximated to promote healing. vartanakarma वर्तनकर्म ITA-9.6.20 Mobilization A technique involving the mobilization of impacted foreign bodies or endogenous structures such as bones, teeth and fractured fragments. cālanakarma चालनकर्म ITA-9.6.21 Twisting movement A special type of twisting movement required to disimpact or extract a foreign body. vivartanakarma विवर्तनकर्म ITA-9.6.22 Dilatation A procedure to widen a tract or orifice for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. vivaraṇakarma विवरणकर्म ITA-9.6.23 Squeezing A procedure to remove an impacted foreign body through the application of a squeezing or milking motion. pīḍanakarma पीडनकर्म ITA-9.6.24 Passage clearing A technique to clear a passage as for an impacted foreign body. mārgaviśodhanam मार्गविशोधनम् ITA-9.6.25 Holding and extraction A procedure by which an impacted foreign body is held manually or by other extractive means such as vacuum or magnetic extraction. vikarṣaṇakarma विकर्षणकर्म ITA-9.6.26 Extraction An extractive procedure, e.g. for a foreign body. āharaṇakarma आहरणकर्म ITA-9.6.27 Traction A procedure in which traction is applied, e.g. approximation of fractured bones and dislocated joints. āñchanakarma आञ्छनकर्म ITA-9.6.28 Elevation A therapeutic measure in which recessed parts are lifted upwards. unnmanakarma उन्नमनकर्म ITA-9.6.29 Depression A therapeutic measure in which elevated parts are pressed downwards. vinamanakarma विनमनकर्म ITA-9.6.30 Crushing A surgical procedure in which foreign bodies lodged inbody tissues are morcellated, e.g. crushing of urinary calculus. bhañjanakarma भञ्जनकर्म ITA-9.6.31 Extraction by twisting or stirring An extraction procedure to remove an impacted foreign body. unmathanakarma उन्मथनकर्म ITA-9.6.32 Suction A procedure in which body fluids or foreign bodies are removed using a suction force. ācūṣaṇakarma आचूषणकर्म ITA-9.6.33 Probing A procedure to determine the direction, extent and branchings of a sinus or fistula. eṣaṇakarma एषणकर्म ITA-9.6.34 Straightening A therapeutic procedure aimed at rectifying a deviated fracture. ṛjūkaraṇakarma ऋजूकरणकर्म ITA-9.6.35 Splitting, tearing or lancing A procedure for removing pus from an abscess. dāraṇakarma दारणकर्म ITA-9.6.36 Irrigation, streaming A therapeutic procedure in which the wound is cleaned by being irrigated with medicated liquids. prakṣālanakarma प्रक्षालनकर्म ITA-9.6.37 Insufflation A therapeutic procedure involving blowing or breathing air at a specific site. pradhamanakarma प्रधमनकर्म ITA-9.6.38 Wiping A therapeutic procedure in which a wound is wiped with a finger or soft cloth. pramārjanakarma प्रमार्जनकर्म ITA-9.6.39 Ideal blunt instruments Instruments which have the ideal qualities making them suitable for their respective purposes. samāhitayantraḥ समाहितयन्त्रः ITA-9.6.40 Defects of blunt surgical instruments The 12 types of defects inherent in blunt instruments which makes them unsuitable for their respective purposes. yantradoṣaḥ यन्त्रदोषः ITA-9.6.41 Sharp surgical instruments Instruments with sharp or cutting edges used for surgical purposes. śastram शस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.42 Twenty sharp surgical instruments The 20 sharp instruments used in surgical procedures. viṃśatiśastrāṇi विंशतिशस्त्राणि ITA-9.6.43 Circular knife A type of sharp instrument with a circular edge which is used for curetting or excising tissue. maṇḍalāgraśastram मण्डलाग्रशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.44 Bone saw A type of saw-like instrument used to cut bone. karapatraśastram करपत्रशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.45 Scalpel A surgical instrument with a blade used for incision or excision. vṛddhipatraśastram वृद्धिपत्रशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.46 Nail parer A sharp instrument used to pare nails. nakhaśastram नखशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.47 Finger knife A type of sharp instrument mounted on the finger for use in oral surgery. mudrikāśastram मुद्रिकाशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.48 Lotus petal-shaped scalpel A surgical instrument with a blade resembling a lotus petal. utpalaśastram उत्पलशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.49 Half-edged knife A sharp knife with a half-edged blade used for incision or excision. ardhadhāraśastram अर्धधारशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.50 Surgical needle A surgical needle used for suturing or venepuncture. sūcīśastram सूचीशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.51 Long-pointed sharp knife A long-pointed sharp knife (Paget’s knife) generally used for drainage. kuśapatraśastram कुशपत्रशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.52 Angular sharp instrument (curved scissors) An angular sharp instrument, named after the “ati” bird (Bank myna, Turdus ginginianus), which is used for bloodletting and drainage. āṭīmukhaśastram आटीमुखशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.53 Scissors A double-bladed sharp instrument for cutting in surgery. śarārimukhaśastram शरारिमुखशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.54 Curved knife with sharp inner edge (bistory knife) A type of curved surgical knife with an inner sharp edge used for excision, extraction or drainage. antarmukhaśastram अन्तर्मुखशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.55 Sharp threepin (brush-like) instrument A type of surgical instrument with triple-pointed tips used for bloodletting or surgical drainage. trikūrcakaśastram त्रिकू र्चकशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.56 Surgical blade resembling an axe or chisel A sharp instrument used for bloodletting or excision. kuṭhārikāśastram कुठारिकाशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.57 Trocar A pointed sharp instrument used for puncturing or surgical drainage. vrīhimukhaśastram व्रीहिमुखशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.58 Sharp-pointed instrument (awl) A sharp-tipped instrument with a notch at the tip used for piercing. ārāśastram आराशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.59 Curved scalpel A type of surgical scalpel which is slightly curved and sharp on its inner edge, used for puncturing or curetting. vetasapatraśastram वेतसपत्रशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.60 Hook A type of hook used for extraction. baḍiśaśastram बडिशशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.61 Tooth scaler A sharp instrument used for dental scaling. dantaśaṅkuśastram दन्तशङ्कुशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.62 Sharp probe A pointed sharp instrument used for probing or draining. eṣaṇīśastram एषणीशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.63 Eight types of surgical procedure Eight types of principal surgical procedures. aṣṭavidhaśastrakarma अष्टविधशस्त्रकर्म ITA-9.6.64 Excision The procedure of excising or amputating a body part or organ. chedanakarma छेदनकर्म ITA-9.6.65 Incision and drainage The procedure of incising a fluid-filled cavity for drainage. bhedanakarma भेदनकर्म ITA-9.6.66 Scraping The procedure of removing hard, raised excess tissue by scraping or curettage. lekhanakarma लेखनकर्म ITA-9.6.67 Drainage, bloodletting The procedure of draining any accumulated fluid or bloodletting by various methods. visrāvaṇakarma विस्रावणकर्म ITA-9.6.68 Puncture The procedure of puncturing a body part. vyadhana karma व्यधनकर्म ITA-9.6.69 Extraction The procedure of extracting a foreign body. āharaṇam आहरणम् ITA-9.6.70 Probing The procedure of exploring a tract for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. eṣaṇakarma एषणकर्म ITA-9.6.71 Suturing The procedure of approximating the edges of a wound by suturing. sīvanam सीवनम् ITA-9.6.72 Types of sutures Various types of sutures such as vellitaka, gophanika, tunnasevani and rujugranthih. sīvanabhedaḥ सीवनभेदः ITA-9.6.73 Curved suture A continous suture, the opposite of interrupted or separate sutures. vellitakam वेल्लितकम् ITA-9.6.74 Blanket, reinforcing suture A suture which resembles the stitching on the edge of a blanket. gophaṇikā गोफणिका ITA-9.6.75 Darning suture A subcuticular suture. tunnasevanī तुन्नसेवनी ITA-9.6.76 Interrupted suture A simple individual suture, opposite of a continuous suture. ṛjugranthiḥ ऋजुग्रन्थिः ITA-9.6.77 Types of incision Various types of incision based on shape, such as oblique, semicircular and circular. chedanabhedaḥ छेदनभेदः ITA-9.6.78 Oblique incision A type of obliquely placed incision. tiryak-chedaḥ तिर्यक् -छेदः ITA-9.6.79 Semicircular incision A type of semicircular incision indicated for surgical procedures. ardhacandramaṇḍalavatchedaḥ अर्धचन्द्रमण्डलवत्-छेदः ITA-9.6.80 Circular incision An incision made in the shape of a circle. candramaṇḍalavatchedaḥ चन्द्रमण्डलवत्-छेदः ITA-9.6.81 Qualities of ideal sharp surgical instruments The qualities of ideal sharp surgical instruments which make them suitable for surgical procedures are: having a good handle, made of quality metal, fine blade, excellent appearance and face well positioned. śastrasampat शस्त्रसम्पत् ITA-9.6.82 Defects of sharp instruments The eight types of defects affecting sharp instruments which make them unsuitable for the respective surgical procedures: crooked, blunt, fissured, rough, very thick, very thin or small, too long and too small. śastradoṣaḥ शस्त्रदोषः ITA-9.6.83 Tempering of sharp surgical instruments There are three types of tempering for sharp instruments: with caustic liquids, water and oil śastrapāyanā शस्त्रपायना ITA-9.6.84 Tempering of sharp surgical instruments with alkalis The tempering of surgical instruments in caustic liquids. kṣārapāyanā क्षारपायना ITA-9.6.85 Tempering of sharp surgical instruments with water The tempering of surgical instruments in water. udakapāyanā उदकपायना ITA-9.6.86 Tempering of sharp surgical instruments with oil The tempering of surgical instruments in medicated oil. tailapāyanā तैलपायना ITA-9.6.87 Degree of sharpness of instruments The degree of the sharpness of instruments for various surgical procedures is as follows: instrument with a cutting edge similar to that of a single split lentil for incising or cutting, half a single split lentil for scarification or curetting, a strand of hair for puncturing and draining, and half a strand of hair for excision. śastradhārā शस्त्रधारा ITA-9.6.88 Materials and tools for parasurgical procedures The adjunctive or complementary devices or objects used to perform parasurgical or auxiliary procedures. anuśastram अनुशस्त्रम् ITA-9.6.89 Caustic therapy A therapeutic measure in which caustic material is applied to tissue. kṣārakarma क्षारकर्म ITA-9.6.90 External application of caustic substance One of the two modes of applying alkali. pratisāraṇīyakṣāraḥ प्रतिसारणीयक्षारः ITA-9.6.91 Internal administration of caustic substance One of the two modes of applying alkali. pānīyakṣāraḥ पानीयक्षारः ITA-9.6.92 Caustic thread A medicated seton prepared with caustic medicines. kṣārasūtraḥ क्षारसूत्रः ITA-9.6.93 Thermal cauterization A type of parasurgical procedure in which thermal cauterization of tissue or a body part is carried out by a method resembling moxibustion. agnikarma अग्निकर्म ITA-9.6.94 Cauterization (therapeutic burn) A process of cauterization for therapeutic purposes. dahanam दहनम् ITA-9.6.95 Materials used for cauterization The various instruments or materials used for cauterization such as long pepper, cow’s teeth, grass stub, metal rod or probe. dahanopakaraṇam दहनोपकरणम् ITA-9.6.96 Proper cauterization A superficial burn lesion bearing the colour of the ripe fruit of Borassus flabellifer (tala-phala). samyak-dagdhaḥ सम्यक् -दग्धः ITA-9.6.97 Bloodletting The therapeutic measure of bloodletting (in which a specific amount of blood is removed from the body). raktamokṣaṇam/ asravisrutiḥ रक्तमोक्षणम्/अस्रविस्रुतिः ITA-9.6.98 Bloodletting with a surgical instrument Procedures for bloodletting by making small cuts or venesection . śastravisrāvaṇam शस्त्रविस्रावणम् ITA-9.6.99 Bloodletting by scarification or multiple incisions Bloodletting by means of multiple small cuts. pracchānam प्रच्छानम् ITA-9.6.100 Venesection Bloodletting by means of venesection. sirāvedhaḥ सिरावेधः ITA-9.6.101 Bloodletting with adjuvants as an alternative to surgical instruments Bloodletting by means of horn leech or bottle-gourd anuśastravisrāvaṇam अनुशस्त्रविस्रावणम् ITA-9.6.102 Bloodletting using horn Bloodletting by means of an animal horn. śrṛṅgāvacaraṇam श्रृङ्गावचरणम् ITA-9.6.103 Bloodletting using leech Bloodletting by means of medical leeches (Hirudo medicinalis). jalaukāvacaraṇam जलौकावचरणम् ITA-9.6.104 Bloodletting using bottle gourd Bloodletting by means of the bottle gourd (alābu) in a procedure which resembles cupping. alābū-avacaraṇam अलाबू-अवचरणम् ITA-9.6.105 Bloodletting using a pot Bloodletting using a specialized instrument resembling a pot. ghaṭiyantrāvacaraṇam घटियन्त्रावचरणम् ITA-9.6.106 Methods of haemostasis Various methods of arresting bleeding such as sandhānam,skandanam, pācanam and dahanam. rudhira-nivāraṇam (caturvidha) रुधिर-निवारणम् (चतुर्विध) ITA-9.6.107 Haemostasis by applying sutures or pressure bandage A method of haemostasis based on pressure and containment. sandhānam सन्धानम् ITA-9.6.108 Haemostasis by application of cold A method of haemostasis by the application of cold (ice and other cooling materials). skandanam स्कन्दनम् ITA-9.6.109 Haemostasis by chemical cautery. A method haemostasis using local applications such as bhasma, sprays or dustings. pācanam पाचनम् ITA-9.6.110 Haemostasis by thermal cautery A method of haemostasis using heat cauterization. dahanam दहनम् ITA-9.6.111 Seven therapies for management of pre-ulcerative inflammation The seven therapeutic measures for management of an inflammatory swelling: gentle massage, bloodletting, poultice application, incision, wound cleaning, wound healing and cosmetic measures. vraṇaśophasyasaptopkramāḥ व्रणशोफस्यसप्तोपक्रमाः ITA-9.6.112 Gentle massage for management of pre-ulcerative inflammation A localized, gentle massage carried out using bamboo reeds, palms or the thumb to resolve inflammation. vimlāpanakarma विम्लापनकर्म ITA-9.6.113 Bloodletting The process of bloodletting with leeches. avasecanakarma अवसेचनकर्म ITA-9.6.114 Poultice application Application of a poultice prepared with medications to treat inflammatory swellings or cellulitis. upanāhakarma (vraṇacikitsā) उपनाहकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.115 Incision, opening Incising, opening, and draining of an inflammatory lesion. pāṭanakarma पाटनकर्म ITA-9.6.116 Wound-cleansing measures Therapeutic measures aimed at cleansing the wound and its periphery by applying medicines. śodhanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) शोधनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.117 Wound-healing measures Wound-healing procedures using medications. ropaṇakarma रोपणकर्म ITA-9.6.118 Cosmetic corrections after wound healing Restoration of normal scar conditions, i.e. restituting normal skin colour and encouraging regrowth of local hair. vaikṛtāpahakarma (vraṇacikitsā) वैकृतापहकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.119 Sixty therapeutic measures for wound management Sixty therapeutic measures for management of wounds and ulcers. vraṇasyaṣaṣṭi-upakramāḥ व्रणस्यषष्टि-उपक्रमाः ITA-9.6.120 Therapeutic abstinence from food for wound management Therapeutic abstinence from food which is the foremost management strategy for wounds. apatarpaṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) अपतर्पणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.121 Therapeutic application Therapeutic application of medicinal pastes depending on the of medicated paste for vitiated dosha. wound management ālepakarma (vraṇacikitsā) आलेपकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.122 Therapeutic streaming Therapeutic pouring of medicated liquids for wound healing. of medicated liquids for wound management pariṣekakarma (vraṇacikitsā) परिषेककर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.123 Therapeutic massage Therapeutic application of annointment and massage for for wound management wound healing. abhyaṅgakarma (vraṇacikitsā) अभ्यङ्गकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.124 Therapeutic fomentation for wound management Application of a poultice to enhance the wound-healing process. Svedanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) स्वेदनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.125 Gentle therapeutic massage for wound management Therapeutic application of a gentle massage. vimlāpanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) विम्लापनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.126 Application of poultice Therapeutic application of a poultice over the wound. upanāhakarma उपनाहकर्म ITA-9.6.127 Induction of suppuration Various procedures that help to induce ripening or suppuration of the inflammation. vraṇapācanakarma व्रणपाचनकर्म ITA-9.6.128 Therapeutic bloodletting Therapeutic blood removal to promote wound healing. visrāvaṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) विस्रावणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.129 Internal oleation for wound management Therapeutic intake of a medicated unctuous substance. snehapānakarma (vraṇacikitsā) स्नेहपानकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.130 Therapeutic emesis for wound management Therapeutic induction of emesis for wound management. vamanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) वमनकर्म (व्रनचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.131 Therapeutic purgation Therapeutic induction of purgation for wound management. for wound management virecanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) विरे चनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.132 Excision Excision procedure for wound management. chedanakarma छेदनकर्म ITA-9.6.133 Incision Incision procedure for wound management. bhedanakarma भेदनकर्म ITA-9.6.134 Therapeutic rupturing, tearing Induction of rupturing or tearing by local application of drugs. dāraṇakarma दारणकर्म ITA-9.6.135 Therapeutic scraping Therapeutic scraping procedure for wound management. lekhanakarma लेखनकर्म ITA-9.6.136 Probing procedure Therapeutic or diagnostic procedure of probing. eṣaṇakarma एषणकर्म ITA-9.6.137 Therapeutic extraction Therapeutic extraction for wound healing. āharaṇakarma आहरणकर्म ITA-9.6.138 Drainage by puncturing Therapeutic drainage of a wound by puncture. vyadhanavisrāvaṇakarma व्यधनविस्रावणकर्म ITA-9.6.139 Suturing procedure Suturing procedure for wound closure. sīvanakarma सीवनकर्म ITA-9.6.140 Procedure for wound healing and closing (unification) Therapeutic approximation of wound margins; a type of haemostatic procedure. sandhānakarma सन्धानकर्म ITA-9.6.141 Squeezing A method of exerting pressure by applying medicines over the site or via manual pressure to remove residual or remnant pus. pīḍanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) पीडनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.142 Haemostatic measure Therapeutic measures adopted to achieve haemostasis. śoṇitāsthāpanakarma शोणितास्थापनकर्म ITA-9.6.143 Application of demulcent for wound management Application of cooling substances to a wound with a burning sensation. nirvāpaṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) निर्वापणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.144 Application of therapeutic warm poultice for wound management A therapeutic warm poultice resembling a sweet dumpling. utkārikākarma (vraṇacikitsā) उत्कारिकाकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.145 Application of medicated decoction for wound management Therapeutic wound cleansing or debridement with a medicated decoction. kaṣāyaḥ (vraṇacikitsā) कषायः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.146 Application of medicated wick for wound management A medicated wick used for wound cleansing (debridement) and healing. vartiḥ (vraṇacikitsā) वर्तिः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.147 Application of medicated paste for wound management Topical application of medicated paste to a wound. kalkaḥ (vraṇacikitsā) कल्कः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.148 Application of medicated ghee for wound management Topical application of medicated ghee to a wound. sarpiḥ (vraṇacikitsā) सर्पिः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.149 Application of medicated oils for wound management Topical applicationof medicated oil to a wound. tailam (vraṇacikitsā) तैलम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.150 Application of semisolid medicated decoction for wound management Application of semi-solidified medicated decoction for wound healing. rasakriyā (vraṇacikitsā) रसक्रिया (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.151 Topical dusting for wound management Therapeutic dusting of medicated powder over a wound. avacūrṇanam (vraṇacikitsā) अवचूर्णनम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.152 Medicated fumigation for wound management Therapeutic fumigation of a wound. vraṇadhūpanam व्रणधूपनम् ITA-9.6.153 Granulationpromoting measures Procedure for promoting granulation tissue in a wound. utsādanakarma उत्सादनकर्म ITA-9.6.154 Hypergranulation reduction Application of a medicated paste to reduce wound hypergranulation. avasādanam अवसादनम् ITA-9.6.155 Wound-softening measures Technique to remove hard, fibrosed or indurated tissues to promote softening and smoothening of the wound bed. mṛdukarma मृदकर्म ु ITA-9.6.156 Hardening-promoting measures for wound management Technique of wound bed preparation for better healing by hardening of loose granulation tissue. dāruṇakarma दारुणकर्म ITA-9.6.157 Application of caustics for wound management A procedure for applying medications with caustic properties. kṣārakarma (vraṇacikitsā) क्षारकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.158 Thermal cauterization for wound management A thermal treatment to promote wound healing. agnikarma (vraṇacikitsā) अग्निकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.159 Blackening, pigmentation- A therapeutic measure to induce pigmentation in scar tissue to inducing measures match the surrounding normal skin colour. kṛṣṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) कृष्णकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.160 Whitening, depigmentationinducing measures A therapeutic measure to whiten or depigment a hyperpigmented scar by application of a medicinal paste. pāṇḍukarma (vraṇacikitsā) पाण्डुकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.161 Normalizing scar with skin colour A procedure to modify scar colour so that it blends with surrounding skin. savarṇakaraṇam (vraṇacikitsā) सवर्णकरणम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.162 External application by mild rubbing for wound management Therapeutic procedures in which either dry or wet medicines are applied externally by mild rubbing over the skin surface. pratisāraṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) प्रतिसारणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.163 Stimulation of hair growth (repilation) The therapeutic measure of stimulating hair growth by external application of medicines to the skin. romasañjananakarma रोमसञ्जननकर्म ITA-9.6.164 Depilation The procedure of removing hairs at skin level. lomāpaharaṇam लोमापहरणम् ITA-9.6.165 Therapeutic enema for wound management Anorectal administration of a medicated emulsion or unctuous substance especially for promoting healing of the wounds in the lower half of the body. bastikarma (vraṇacikitsā) बस्तिकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.166 Intraurethral douching Intraurethral administration of a decoction or oily emulsion for for wound management urethral and bladder wound management. uttarabastikarma (vraṇacikitsā) उत्तरबस्तिकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.167 Bandaging Therapeutic bandaging for faster wound healing by softening and keeping the wound clean. bandhanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) बन्धनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.168 Covering the wound with medicinal leaves A therapeutic procedure in which medicinal leaves are placed on the wound after application of a medicinal paste. patradānakarma पत्रदानकर्म ITA-9.6.169 Disinfection and disinfestation for wound management The therapeutic procedure of wound disinfection and disinfestation. kṝmighnakarma (vraṇacikitsā) कॄ मिघ्नकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.170 Restorative measures Therapeutic measures for restoring and increasing bodily tissues. bṛmhaṇam (vraṇacikitsā) बृंहणम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.171 Neutralization of poisons Therapeutic neutralization of wounds due to poisons of all kinds. viṣaghnam (vraṇacikitsā) विषघ्नम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.172 Errhine medication for nasal cleansing for wound management Application of errhine therapy for its cleansing effect specifically for wound management. Śirovirecanam (vraṇacikitsā) शिरोविरे चनम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.173 Intranasal medication for wound management Intranasal administration of medication specifically for wound management. Nasyam (vraṇacikitsā) नस्यम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.174 Therapeutic gargling for wound management Therapeutic gargling (kavala) for removal of dosha, alleviation of pain and burning, and cleansing of oral cavity wounds. kavaladhāraṇam (vraṇacikitsā) कवलधारणम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.175 Therapeutic smoking for wound management Therapeutic inhalation of medicated smoke. dhūmaḥ/ dhūmapānam (vraṇacikitsā) धूमः/धूमपानम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.176 Application of honey and ghee for wound management Therapeutic application of honey and ghee to a fresh wound. kṣaudrasarpi (vraṇacikitsā) क्षौद्रसर्पि: (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.177 Use of blunt instrument Therapeutic removal of a deeply embedded foreign body or to assist surgical morbid material from a wound using a blunt instrument. procedures for wound management yantram (vraṇacikitsā) यन्त्रम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.178 Dietary regime for wound management āhāraḥ (vraṇacikitsā) आहारः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.179 Protective measures Measures (e.g. fumigation, chanting mantra) to protect for wound management wounds from factors imperceptible to sense organs that are deleterious to wound healing and clinical outcome. rakṣāvidhānam (vraṇacikitsā) रक्षाविधानम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ITA-9.6.180 Bandaging Various types of bandaging procedures or shapes used in treatment. bandhanakarma बन्धनकर्म ITA-9.6.181 Finger bandage A type of bandage used for thumb and fingers. kośabandhaḥ कोशबन्धः ITA-9.6.182 Sling bandage A type of bandage applied to the back, sternum, and inguinal region (narrow parts). dāmabandhaḥ दामबन्धः ITA-9.6.183 Figure-of-eight bandage A type of bandage applied to joints which resembles a figure of eight. svastikabandhaḥ स्वस्तिकबन्धः ITA-9.6.184 Spiral bandage A type of bandage applied to the extremities in a spiral shape. anuvellitabandhaḥ अनुवेल्लितबन्धः ITA-9.6.185 Winding bandage A type of bandage used on narrow body parts such as the neck or penis. muttoliḥ/pratolībandhaḥ मुत्तोलिः/प्रतोलीबन्धः ITA-9.6.186 Circular bandage A type of bandage applied in circular manner. maṇḍalabandhaḥ मण्डलबन्धः Therapeutic dietery regimen prescribed for all patients with wounds (vraṇita). ITA-9.6.187 Stump bandage A type of bandage used for the tip of the thumb, finger or penis. sthagikābandhaḥ स्थगिकाबन्धः ITA-9.6.188 Twin bandage A type of bandage applied to two adjacent wounds. yamakabandhaḥ यमकबन्धः ITA-9.6.189 Four-tailed bandage A type of bandage used to immobilize regions such as the mandible, temple, and cheeks. khaṭvābandhaḥ खट्वाबन्धः ITA-9.6.190 Eye bandage A type of bandage applied in the eye region. cīnabandhaḥ चीनबन्धः ITA-9.6.191 Multi-tailed bandage A type of bandage used in regions such as the back, abdomen, and chest. vibandhaḥ विबन्धः ITA-9.6.192 Cephalic bandage A type of bandage applied over the scalp or head region. vitānabandhaḥ वितानबन्धः ITA-9.6.193 T- bandage A type of bandage used in regions such as the chin, nose, lips, shoulder and pelvis. gophaṇābandhaḥ गोफणाबन्धः ITA-9.6.194 Five-tailed bandage A type of five-tailed bandage used in the supraclavicular region. pañcāṅgībandhaḥ पञ्चाङ्गीबन्धः ITA-9.6.195 Foreign body or substance that must be removed surgically or by other means Any foreign body or factor which discomfits or obstructs the body and mind. śalyam शल्यम् ITA-9.6.196 Endogenous internal obstruction An obstruction originating from factors such as vitiated excretory products and morbid matter or a calculus. śārīraśalyam शारीरशल्यम् ITA-9.6.197 Obstruction caused by exogenous factors, foreign body Any exogenous substance blocking normal functioning after it enters the body. āgantukaśalyam आगन्तुकशल्यम् ITA-9.6.198 Obscured foreign body Any exogenous substance caught within body tissues and further obstructing normal functioning. pranaṣṭaśalyam प्रनष्टशल्यम् ITA-9.6.199 Route of foreign body entry and movement Site of entry and movement of a foreign body in affected body tissue. śalyagatiḥ शल्यगतिः ITA-9.6.200 Firmly lodged foreign body A foreign body which is strongly impacted or stuck in the body. avabaddhaśalyam अवबद्धशल्यम् ITA-9.6.201 Loosely lodged foreign body A foreign body which is loosely impacted or hanging in the body. anavabaddhaśalyam अनवबद्धशल्यम् ITA-9.6.202 Extraction of foreign body An extraction procedure to remove a foreign body uddharaṇakarma उद्धरणकर्म ITA-9.6.203 Procedures for removal of loosely impacted foreign body Fifteen extraction measures for removal of a loosely impacted foreign body anavabaddhaśalyoddharaṇapanchadeshahetuḥ अनवबद्धशल्योद्धरणपन्छदेशहेतुः ITA-9.6.204 Natural removal of foreign body The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by natural means. svabhāvaḥ स्वभावः ITA-9.6.205 Removal of foreign body by inducing suppuration The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by the suppuration process. pācanakarma पाचनकर्म ITA-9.6.206 Removal of foreign body by incision The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by incision. bhedanakarma भेदनकर्म ITA-9.6.207 Removal of foreign body by splitting or tearing The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by splitting or tearing after application of a medication to the wound. dāraṇakarma दारणकर्म ITA-9.6.208 Removal of foreign body by squeezing or pressing The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by squeezing or pressing. pīḍanakarma पीडनकर्म ITA-9.6.209 Removal of foreign body by wiping or cleaning The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by wiping or cleaning. pramārjanakarma प्रमार्जनकर्म ITA-9.6.210 Removal of foreign body by insufflation The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by insufflation or blowing of air. nirdhmāpanakarma निर्ध्मापनकर्म ITA-9.6.211 Removal of foreign body by emesis The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by emesis. vamanakarma वमनकर्म ITA-9.6.212 Removal of foreign body by purgation The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by purgation. virecanakarma विरे चनकर्म ITA-9.6.213 Removal of foreign body by irrigation The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by irrigation with medicated liquid. prakṣālanakarma प्रक्षालनकर्म ITA-9.6.214 Removal of foreign body by nasya therapy The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by applying a minimal dose of nasal drops. pratimarśaḥ प्रतिमर्शः ITA-9.6.215 Removal of foreign body by straining The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by straining. pravāhaṇakarma प्रवाहणकर्म ITA-9.6.216 Removal of foreign body by sucking The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by sucking. ācūṣaṇakarma आचूषणकर्म ITA-9.6.217 Removal of foreign body magnetically The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by means of a magnet. ayaskāntaḥ अयस्कान्तः ITA-9.6.218 Removal of foreign body by creating exhilaration The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by creating joy, happiness, cheer or exhilaration. harṣaḥ हर्षः ITA-9.6.219 Ointment Medication in the form of a paste for external application. lepaḥ लेपः ITA-9.6.220 Thin and cold external application of paste A type of ointment or lepa which is thin and cold and dries quickly. pralepaḥ प्रलेपः ITA-9.6.221 Thick and hot external application of paste A type of ointment or lepa which is thick and hot. pradehaḥ प्रदेहः ITA-9.6.222 External application of paste of moderate thickness A type of moderately thick ointment or lepa. ālepaḥ आलेपः ITA-9.6.223 External application of dosha-alleviating paste A type of ointment or lepa which alleviates doṣa. doṣaghnalepaḥ दोषघ्नलेपः ITA-9.6.224 External application of antipoisonpaste A type of ointment or lepa with an antipoisonous effect. viṣaghnalepaḥ विषघ्नलेपः ITA-9.6.225 Ointment promoting complexion A type of ointment or lepa which promotes a healthy complexion. varṇyalepaḥ वर्ण्यलेपः ITA-9.7.1 Toxicology The science that deals with the study of poisons and their actions, methods of detection and treatment. agadatantram अगदतन्त्रम् ITA-9.7.2 Management of poison The practices adopted to deal with various poisons and their immediate and delayed effects. viṣagaravairodhikacikitsā विषगरवैरोधिकचिकित्सा ITA-9.7.3 Toxicology Synonym of toxicology: the science that deals with the study of poisons and their actions, methods of detection and treatment. damṣṭrācikitsā दंष्ट्राचिकित्सा ITA-9.7.4 Poison, toxin Any harmful or deadly substance which spreads rapidly and damages the body. viṣam विषम् ITA-9.7.5 Source of poison A poison source may be plant, mineral or animal in nature. viṣayoniḥ विषयोनिः ITA-9.7.6 High-potency poison A group of extremely poisonous substances such as Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Ser. mahāviṣam महाविषम् ITA-9.7.7 Mild-potency poison A group of poisonous substances of mild potency such as Strychnos nux-vomica L. upaviṣam उपविषम् ITA-9.7.8 Animal poison A group of poisons originating from animals: snakes, rats, spiders and rabid animals e.g. dogs, scorpions and insects. jāṅgamaviṣam जाङ्गमविषम् ITA-9.7.9 Substratum of poison The various sites at which poisons are located in animals or plants. viṣa-adhiṣṭhānam विष-अधिष्ठानम् ITA-9.7.10 Substrata of poison in plants and minerals The various sites at which poisons are located in plants such as the root, leaf, fruit, flower, bark, pith, gum, latex, petal or bulb. sthāvaraviṣaadhiṣṭhānam स्थावरविष-अधिष्ठानम् ITA-9.7.11 Substrata of poison in animals The various sites at which poisons are located in animals such as sight, breath, fangs/teeth, nails, faeces, urine, semen, saliva, menstrual blood, bones, bite, flatus, beak/mouth, bile, bristle and dead body. jāṅgamaviṣaadhiṣṭhānam जाङ्गमविष-अधिष्ठानम् ITA-9.7.12 Poison of natural origin A poison from a natural source or unmodified natural poison. akṛtrimaviṣam अकृत्रिमविषम् ITA-9.7.13 Artificial poison A poison made artificially or a modified combination of various poisons. kṛtrimaviṣam/ saṁyogajaviṣam कृत्रिमविषम्/संयोगजविषम् ITA-9.7.14 Mixture of poisons and nonpoisonous substances A poison formed by the combination of two or more poisonous and nonpoisonous substances. garaviṣam गरविषम् ITA-9.7.15 Poisoner The person who poisons. viṣapradātā विषप्रदाता ITA-9.7.16 Doubt about being poisoned The fear or suspicion of being poisoned or bitten by a poisonous animal or snake may develop into symptoms which resemble those of being poisoned when no poison is involved. śaṅkāviṣam शङ्काविषम् ITA-9.7.17 Poisonous lady A young woman habituated to ingesting small amounts of food mixed with powerful poisons thereby rendering them toxic: anybody encountering these women can die instantly. viṣakanyā विषकन्या ITA-9.7.18 Antidote A medication with an antipoison effect which is beneficial in poisoning viṣahara-agadaḥ विषहर-अगदः ITA-9.7.19 Intervening period during spread of poison The interval taken by a poison to penetrate from one membrane (kala) to another (transition period when a poison spreads from one tissue to another). viṣavegāntaraḥ विषवेगान्तरः ITA-9.7.20 Critical or fatal poisoning A fatal condition in poisoning when various deleterious factors combine during a specific period. viṣasaṅkaṭam विषसङ्कटम् ITA-9.7.21 Management of poisoning Various treatments for poisoning. viṣopakramaḥ विषोपक्रमः ITA-9.7.22 Incantation Incantation of hymns (mantra) to counteract a poison. mantraḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) मन्त्रः (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.23 Tourniquet and ligature accompanied or not by chanting Application of a tourniquet to stop the spread of poison which may or may not be accompanied by chanting of a specific mantra. ariṣṭa-bandhanam (viṣopakramaḥ) अरिष्ट-बन्धनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.24 Incision above poisoned site A small incision made proximal to the bite site to evacuate poisoned blood and prevent further spreading of the poison. utkartanam (viṣopakramaḥ) उत्कर्तनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.25 Poison removal by squeezing Squeezing or applying compression to remove a poison. niṣpīḍanam (viṣopakramaḥ) निष्पीडनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.26 Poison removal by suction Applying suction by various means to remove poison. cūṣaṇam (viṣopakramaḥ) चूषणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.27 Application of heat, thermal cautery for detoxification Applying heat or thermal cautery to remove poison. agnikarma (viṣopakramaḥ) अग्निकर्म (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.28 Streaming of medicated liquids for detoxification Continuous pouring or streaming of decoctions to detoxify a bite site or poisoned area. pariṣekaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) परिषेकः (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.29 Detoxifying immersion therapy Immersing an affected part in specific medicated decoctions or oils to treat poisoning. avagāhaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) अवगाहः (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.30 Bloodletting Removal of vitiated blood by bloodletting in the treatment of poisoning. raktamokṣaṇam (viṣopakramaḥ) रक्तमोक्षणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.31 Emesis for detoxification Therapeutic induction of emesis for the expulsion of poison. vamanam (viṣopakramaḥ) वमनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.32 Purgation for detoxification Therapeutic induction of purgation for removal of poison. virekam (viṣopakramaḥ) विरे कम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.33 Scalp incision to remove poison Incision on scalp for removing poison. upadhānam (viṣopakramaḥ) उपधानम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.34 Protection of heart from poison Administering antipoison medications to protect the heart from toxic effects. hṛdayāvaraṇam (viṣopakramaḥ) हृदयावरणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.35 Collyrium for detoxification Applying collyrium or medication over the lower eyelid to counter the penetration of poisons. añjanam (viṣopakramaḥ) अञ्जनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.36 Nasal medication for detoxification Using a nasal medication to revive an unconscious patient and extract a poison located in the head. nasyam (viṣopakramaḥ) नस्यम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.37 Fumigation for detoxification Neutralizing the toxic effects of poison by fumigating the bite site: fumigation is performed by inhaling through the nostrils and exhaling through the mouth. dhūmam (viṣopakramaḥ) धूमम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.38 Electuary detoxification Administering medicine in avaleha (semi-solid) form for detoxification purposes. lehaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) लेहः (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.39 Medication for detoxification Medications for the treatment of poisoning. auṣadham (viṣopakramaḥ) औषधम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.40 Gentle rubbing of medications for detoxification A technique for gently rubbing medications like long pepper (Piper longum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), dry ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on wounds to promote removal of the ill effects of the poison. pratisāraṇam (viṣopakramaḥ) प्रतिसारणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.41 Administration of counterpoison Administering a poison of opposite or antagonistic origin to counter the effects of a specific poison. prativiṣam (viṣopakramaḥ) प्रतिविषम् (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.42 Resuscitation Therapy or medicines administered to restore consciousness. saṁjñā-sthāpanam (viṣopakrama) संज्ञास्थापनम् (विषोपक्रम) ITA-9.7.43 Antipoison annointment The application of ointments, cold pastes and/or creams to treat poisoning. lepaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) लेपः (विषोपक्रमः) ITA-9.7.44 Life-reviving Therapy or medicines able to revive a patient. mṛtasañjīvanam (viṣopakrama) मृतसञ्जीवनम् (विषोपक्रम) ITA-9.8.1 Rejuvenation and revitalization therapy One of the eight branches of Ayurveda which deals with rejuvenation and improving life quality, longevity and disease control. rasāyana-cikitsā रसायन-चिकित्सा ITA-9.8.2 Rejuvenation therapy withlimited exposure to wind and sunlight A rejuvenation therapy in which the patient is kept indoors in a specially designed hut and follows a specific regimen. kuṭīprāveśikarasāyanam कुटीप्रावेशिकरसयनम् ITA-9.8.3 Rejuvenation therapy with exposure to wind and sunlight Rejuvenation therapy administered while the person continues to follow their normal avocations. vātātapikarasāyanam वातातपिकरसायनम् ITA-9.8.4 Rejuvenation therapy administered for specific individual needs Rejuvenation therapy to prolong the lifespan and increase the cognitive and physical abilities. kāmyarasāyanam काम्यरसायनम् ITA-9.8.5 Rejuvenation therapy for daily use Rejuvenation therapy based on a specific diet to promote body immunity (daily intake of milk, ghee and similar substances). ājasrikarasāyanam आजस्रिकरसायनम् ITA-9.8.6 Disease-specific rejuvenation therapy Rejuvenation therapy which is specific for the treatment of a particular disease. naimittikarasāyanam नैमित्तिकरसायनम् ITA-9.8.7 Rejuvenation therapy through behaviour and practices Rejuvenation therapy which promotes rejuvenation through the adoption of a prescribed code of conduct. ācārarasāyanam आचाररसायनम् ITA-9.8.8 Rejuvenation therapy counteracting natural diseases Rejuvenation therapy to prevent natural diseases such as hunger, thirst or greying of hair. svabhāvavyādhipratiṣedhīyarasāyanam स्वभावव्याधिप्रतिषेधीयरसायनम् ITA-9.8.9 Rejuvention therapy for healthy ageing Rejuvenation therapy or medicines beneficial for prolonging youth and preventing senile changes in the body. vayasthāpanam वयस्थापनम् ITA-9.8.10 Rejuvenation therapy to enhance mental abilities Rejuvenation therapy or medicines beneficial for increasing intellect. medhyarasāyanam मेध्यरसायनम् ITA-9.8.11 Mental ability and lifespan enhancer Therapies or medicines which enhance intellect and improve longevity. medhyāyuṣyakāmīyarasāyanam मेध्यायुष्यकामीयरसायनम् ITA-9.8.12 Vitality enhancer Therapies or medicines beneficial for increasing vitality. jīvanīyaḥ जीवनीयः ITA-9.8.13 Health-promoting, immune enhancer Therapies or medicines which promote excellence of the body tissues in a healthy person. ūrjaskaraḥ ऊर्जस्करः ITA-9.8.14 Longevity One of the beneficial effects of rejuvenation is to increase the lifespan. dīrghamāyuḥ दीर्घमायुः ITA-9.8.15 Tonics for counteracting A medicine to rebuild the physical and mental faculties effects of disease following their disturbance due to a disease process. nivṛttasantāpīyarasāyanam निवृत्तसन्तापीयरसायनम् ITA-9.8.16 Lustre-enhancer Therapies or medicines beneficial for increasing the lustre of the skin. prabhāvardhanam प्रभावर्धनम् ITA-9.8.17 Eloquence An articulate command of the language. vāk-siddhiḥ वाक् -सिद्धिः ITA-9.8.18 Rejuvenation therapy for pacifying all ailments Rejuvenation therapy in its broad aspects as a curative for all ailments. sarvopaghātaśamanīyarasāyanam सर्वोपघातशमनीयरसायनम् ITA-9.8.19 Memory enhancer Therapies or medicines beneficial for increasing memory power. smṛtivardhakaḥ स्मृतिवर्धकः ITA-9.8.20 Complexion enhancer Therapy or medicines beneficial for healthy skin and improved skin tone. varṇyaḥ वर्ण्यः ITA-9.9.1 Aphrodisiac or virility treatment A treatment for improvement of male and female fertility and virility which promotes śukra secretion vājīkaraṇacikitsā वाजीकरणचिकित्सा ITA-9.9.2 Treatment promoting vigour with aphrodisiac effect Substances which promote the formation of semen; an aphrodisiac. vṛṣyaḥ वृष्यः ITA-9.9.3 Treatment stimulating ejaculation Therapy or medicines promoting the ejaculation of semen. śukrasrutikaram शुक्रस्रुतिकरम् ITA-9.9.4 Treatment increasing amount of semen Therapy or medicines able to increase the amount of semen. śukravivardhanam शुक्रविवर्धनम् ITA-9.9.5 Treatment promoting amount and flow of semen Therapy or medicines able to increase both the amount and flow of semen. srutivṛdhdikaram स्रुतिवृध्दिकरम् ITA-9.9.6 Treatment promoting semen production Therapy or medicines with semen-forming properties (spermatogenesis). śukrajananam शुक्रजननम् ITA-9.9.7 Treatment improving quality of semen Therapy or medicines with semen-purifying properties. śukraśodhanam शुक्रशोधनम् ITA-9.9.8 Healthy sperm Normal, healthy and effective spermatocytes. kārmukabījaḥ कार्मुकबीजः ITA-9.9.9 Increased viscosity of semen Excessively slimy and viscous semen. atipicchilaśukradoṣaḥ अतिपिच्छिलशुक्रदोषः ITA-9.9.10 Semen contaminated with other body elements A disorder characterised by blood or other tissues mixed with semen. anyadhātūpahitaśukradoṣaḥ अन्यधातूपहितशुक्रदोषः ITA-9.9.11 Reduced or absent sexual desire or satisfaction The inability to perform coitus due to lack of interest in the female partner or lack of orgasm or pleasure if intercourse takes place. apraharṣaṇam अप्रहर्षणम् ITA-9.9.12 Reduced semen A decrease in the amount of seminal fluid or decreased sperm count. alpaśukratā अल्पशुक्रता ITA-9.9.13 Semen with dull flow An increase in the specific gravity of semen with reduced motility. avasādīśukradoṣaḥ अवसादीशुक्रदोषः ITA-9.9.14 Absent arousal or desire for intercourse Lack of sexual arousal or desire to engage in intercourse. aharṣaṇam अहर्षणम् ITA-9.9.15 Capable of intercourse only after consuming semen A man who experiences an erection and indulges in coitus after tasting the ejaculatory fluid or semen of another man. āsekyaḥ आसेक्यः ITA-9.9.16 Scopophilia or voyeurism An individual who derives sexual gratification from observing the sexual activities of others. īrṣyābhirati/īrṣyakaḥ ईर्ष्याभिरति/ईर्ष्यकः ITA-9.9.17 Capable of intercourse only after being sodomized by another person An abnormal condition in which a man gets an erection and indulges in coitus only after receiving anal intercourse from another male. kumbhīkaḥ कुम्भीकः ITA-9.9.18 Erectile dysfunction, impotence An inability to perform the sexual act due to erectile dysfunction. klaibyam क्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.19 Premature ejaculation An abnormal condition in the male in which ejaculation occurs before the normal time. kṣipraśukramocanam/ śīghraśukramuñcanam क्षिप्रशुक्रमोचनम्/ शीघ्रशुक्रमुञ्चनम् ITA-9.9.20 Decreased semen Abnormal decrease in the amount of seminal fluid or decreased sperm count. kṣīṇaśukram क्षीणशुक्रम् ITA-9.9.21 Senile impotency Impotency owing to senility and old age. jarājanyaklaibyam जराजन्यक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.22 Abnormally thin, scanty semen A condition characterized by abnormally thin semen or semen of reduced viscosity and increased liquidity. tanuretodoṣaḥ तनुरेतोदोषः ITA-9.9.23 Morbidities of semen Qualitative and quantitative morbidities of the semen. duṣṭaśukram दुष्टशुक्रम् ITA-9.9.24 Hermaphrodite or intersex The presence of abnormal male and female sexual characteristics. dviretā द्विरे ता ITA-9.9.25 Erectile dysfunction Impotency owing to erectile dysfunction. dhvajabhaṅgajanyaklaibyam ध्वजभङ्गजन्यक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.26 Eunuch A sterile person who is neither completely female nor male. napuMsakatvam नपुंसकत्वम् ITA-9.9.27 Sterile male A person assigned male gender at birth with scanty semen and no sexual desire or pleasure: such a person tends to be feminine in both physical and psychological aspects, and to produce defective sperm. naraṣaṇḍaḥ नरषण्डः ITA-9.9.28 Sterile female A person assigned female gender at birth, with scanty ova and no sexual desire or pleasure: such a person tends to have masculine features and to produce weak ova. nārīṣaṇḍaḥ नारीषण्डः ITA-9.9.29 Azoospermia The absence of sperm in the semen. nirbījaśukram निर्बीजशुक्रम् ITA-9.9.30 Inactive or dead sperm Inactive or dead sperm which are insufficient for conception. niṣphalaśukram निष्फलशुक्रम् ITA-9.9.31 Azoospermia Absence of semen or sperms: if such a patient ejaculates no sperm are found in the ejaculate. pavanendriyaḥ पवनेन्द्रियः ITA-9.9.32 Impotency due to reduced semen Condition characterized by impotency due to reduced semen. śukrakṣayajanyaklaibyam, puṁstvopaghātajaklaibyam शुक्रक्षयजन्य-क्लैब्यम्, पुंस्त्वोपघातजक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.33 Pyospermia Semen containing pus or foul-smelling. pūtiśukradoṣaḥ पूतिशुक्रदोषः ITA-9.9.34 Frothy semen Semen with excessive froth. phenilaretodoṣaḥ फे निलरे तोदोषः ITA-9.9.35 Genetic impotency Impotency due to genetic causes or parental factors passed on to the child. bījopaghātajanyaklaibyam बीजोपघातजन्य-क्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.36 Psychogenic impotency Erectile dysfunction or impotency owing to psychological reasons. mānasaklaibyam मानसक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.37 Impotency due to penile disorders Impotency due to structural or functional disorders of the penis. meḍhrarogajaklaibyam मेढ्ररोगजक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.38 Inability to perform sexual intercourse Incapacity to perform sexual intercourse due to inability to achieve or sustain an erection; also used as a synonym for impotency. maithunāśaktiḥ मैथुनाशक्तिः ITA-9.9.39 Reduced unctuousness of semen A semen abnormality characterized by reduced unctuousness. rūkṣaretodoṣaḥ रूक्षरे तोदोषः ITA-9.9.40 Seminal abnormalities Seminal anomalies including qualitative and quantitative disturbances. retodoṣaḥ रे तोदोषः ITA-9.9.41 Abnormallyshaped penis Impotency due to penile deformity. vakrī वक्री ITA-9.9.42 Anorchidism Structural damage to the testes in intrauterine life owing to vitiated vāyu and agni. vātikaṣaṇḍaḥ वातिकषण्डः ITA-9.9.43 Discoloured semen Semen disorder characterized by its abnormal colour. vivarṇaretodoṣaḥ विवर्णरे तोदोषः ITA-9.9.44 Scanty semen A decreased volume of semen. viśuṣkaśukram विशुष्कशुक्रम् ITA-9.9.45 Traumatic impotency Impotency due to trauma to the ejaculatory tract. vīryavāhinīsirāchedanajanyaklaibyam वीर्यवाहिनीसिराछेदनजन्यक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.46 Seminal abnormalities Abnormal or pathological state of semen or sperm. śukravikṛtiḥ शुक्रविकृतिः ITA-9.9.47 Obstruction to semen flow or formation Decreased production of sperm in semen owing either to an obstructed ejaculatory tract or decreased motility. śukrastambhanimittajaklaibyam शुक्रस्तम्भनिमित्तजक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.48 Impotency due to reduced semen Impotency due to reduced seminal constituents or sperm . śukrakṣayajanyaklaibyam; saumyadhātukṣayajaklaibyam शुक्रक्षयजन्यक्लैब्यम्, सौम्यधातुक्षयजक्लैब्यम् ITA-9.9.49 Channels of male seed affected by vāta A pathological condition in which vitiated vata enters the semen enriching channels, leading to various abnormal conditions. śukragatavātaḥ शुक्रगतवातः ITA-9.9.50 Semen-producing measure A therapeutic measure for spermatogenesis. śukrajananam शुक्रजननम् ITA-9.9.51 Semen-improving therapy Therapy or medicines which normalize spermatogenesis and produce normal and healthy sperm. śukraprasādanam शुक्रप्रसादनम् ITA-9.9.52 Semen-increasing therapy Therapy or medicines to increase the semen. śukralaḥ शुक्रलः ITA-9.9.53 Semen-purifying therapy Therapy or medicines to purify the semen. śukraśodhanam शुक्रशोधनम् ITA-9.9.54 Ejaculation-promoting therapy Therapy or medicines to boost ejaculation. śukrasaṁvāhakaḥ शुक्रसंवाहकः ITA-9.9.55 Maintaining and promoting normal semen production Therapeutic measures which maintain the normal production of sperm and semen. śukrāpyāyanam शुक्राप्यायनम् ITA-9.9.56 Spermatogenic measure A therapeutic action that generates semen and androgens. śukrotpādakaḥ शुक्रोत्पादकः ITA-9.9.57 Semen qualityincreasing measure Therapy or medicines with spermatogenesis-increasing potency. śukropacayaḥ शुक्रोपचयः ITA-10.1.1 Healthy person An individual in a balanced state of dosha, metabolism, structural components and excretion, with pleasantly functioning senses, mind and consciousness, all acting in harmony. svasthaḥ स्वस्थः ITA-10.1.2 Positive attributes of health A healthy state of body, mind and soul. svāsthyam, ārogyam स्वास्थ्यम्, आरोग्यम् ITA-10.1.3 Routine(s) for health maintenance Daily, seasonal and ethical regimens for the maintenance of health. svasthavṛttaḥ स्वस्थवृत्तः ITA-10.2.1 Three pillars to maintain health and longevity The three pillars are food, sleep and moderation in sensual indulgence including sexual activity trayopastambhaḥ त्रयोपस्तम्भः ITA-10.2.2 Food Food is a substance taken to sustain life and is broadly classified into liquids and solids. Liquids include water, milk, oils, juices and honey; solid foods are classified into cereals, legumes, meat, fruits, vegetables, spices and condiments. āhāraḥ आहारः ITA-10.2.3 Eight factors for selecting wholesome foods The eight factors for selecting wholesome food are: nature of the food item, processing, combination, amount, region, season and age, rules for consumption and the person consuming the food. āhāravidhiviśeṣāyatanam आहारविधिविशेषायतनम् ITA-10.2.4 Factors facilitating digestion The six factors facilitating digestion and their attributes are: āhāra pariṇāma 1. heat which digests; 2.air which absorbs; 3. moisture which karabhāvaḥ loosens; 4. unctuousness which softens; 5. time which brings sufficiency; and 6. balanced use of the eight factors for selecting wholesome food in order to maintain equilibrium of structural components and factors supporting the body (tissue). आहारपरिणामकरभावः ITA-10.2.5 Diet-transition protocol A quarter-portion protocol in which an unwholesome substance pādāṃśikakramaḥ is gradually withdrawn from the diet—one quarter on the first day, two quarters on the second day, three quarters on the third day—and replaced with the same amount of a non-addictive wholesome alternative. One quarter unwholesome plus three quarters non-addictive wholesome substance should be maintained on the fourth, fifth and sixth days. On the seventh day the unwholesome substance should be completely discarded and the wholesome substance continued thereafter. This method is generally employed for de-addiction purposes. पादांशिकक्रमः ITA-10.2.6 Appropriate time for food intake praśasta-āhārakālaḥ प्रशस्त-आहारकालः ITA-10.2.7 Agreeable to nature or natural constitution Agreeable to nature or natural constitution; excellence or abundance of suitable qualities: food that is fully compatible with the individual and which is completely digested and accepted by the body. sātmyam सात्म्यम् ITA-10.2.8 Combining wholesome and unwholesome foods The consumption of wholesome and unwholesome foods at the samaśanam same time, e.g. intake of green gram (considered wholesome) and black gram (considered unwholesome). समशनम् ITA-10.2.9 Unsuitable timing and amount of food intake Food items that are antagonistic to the structural components; food items which partially agitate dosha without eliminating it and eventually become antagonistic to the structural components. viṣamāśanam विषमाशनम् ITA-10.2.10 Sleep nidrā निद्रा ITA-10.2.11 Dream svapnam स्वप्नम् ITA-10.2.12 Celibacy Non-indulgence in sensual pleasures including sexual activity. brahmacaryam ब्रह्मचर्यम् ITA-10.2.13 Non-celibacy Appropriate indulgence in sensual pleasures including sexual activity (in moderation). abrahmacharyam अब्रह्मचर्यम् ITA-10.2.14 Activities Activities related to the body, senses, mind and speech. vihāraḥ विहारः ITA-10.3.1 Daily routine A term covering activities related to diet, lifestyle, work and recreation from the time an individual wakes up through to sleep: it is prescribed in accordance with natural diurnal rhythms and their impact on the human body and mind based on the person’s age, place of habitation and seasonal cycle. dinacaryā दिनचर्या ITA-10.3.2 Night routine rātricaryā रात्रिचर्या ITA-10.3.3 Seasonal routine Routine pertaining to diet, daily activities and periodical cleansing which is customized for each season of the year. ṛtucaryā ऋतुचर्या ITA-10.3.4 Transition period between two seasons The transitional period between two seasons; it includes the last week of the ending season and first week of the beginning season. The regimen of the ending season has to be discontinued gradually even as the regimen of the new season is introduced gradually. ṛtusandhiḥ ऋतुसन्धिः ITA-10.3.5 Abnormal seasonal pattern vyāpannaṛtu, ṛtuviparyayaḥ व्यापन्नऋतु, ऋतुविपर्ययः ITA-10.3.6 Seasonal cleansing ṛtuśodhanam ऋतुशोधनम् ITA-10.3.7 Harmonious way of living sadvṛttam सद्वृत्तम् ITA-10.3.8 Code and conduct A cognitive and behavioural regimen to enhance well-being and quality of life. ācārarasāyanam आचाररसायनम् ITA-10.3.9 Immunity vyādhikṣamatva व्याधिक्षमत्व